费斯迪卡廉学校，奥斯陆，挪威

建筑设计：GASA事务所

费斯迪卡廉学校，奥斯陆，挪威

建筑设计：GASA事务所

1 外景/Exterior view

GASA由一个协作的建筑师团队组成，是位于奥斯陆的建筑事务所，自其成立30年来一直重视环境问题。

费斯迪卡廉学校是奥斯陆最早将幼儿园和初高中设于一座建筑中的设施，也称F21。这座学校位于一片发展区中，并以多功能厅、图书馆、咖啡厅及居民聚会厅为当地社区提供服务。设计的目的是建立一座和谐的学校，将西侧原火柴厂的旧工业建筑与东侧的现代新建筑融为一体。历史与现代建筑通过新建筑的第三层连接在一起。这一层的大门成为学校、咖啡厅和图书馆一目了然的主入口，它还通往北方的格勒沃尔广场。所有的综合教学区都位于新建筑中，科学试验室和艺术/媒体工作室等专业区在原建筑中。室内连厅和两座大楼梯将这些区域连接起来，便于师生轻松交流。新建筑上细密的暗色石挂板和大片玻璃立面与原火柴厂百年历史的旧砖立面形成了鲜明对比。为保持新旧之间的和谐仅选用了几种材料。所用的砖、混凝土、石材、木材、钢和中密度纤维板都是耐久度很高的材料，有利于降低建筑的环境影响。颜色方案十分柔和，黑白灰层次分明。其意图在于让师生为这座学校带来色彩与活力。建筑的通透与清晰的组织关系在设计中是十分重要的。学校的庭院组织关系明确，有各种活动区。天窗和大片玻璃墙为学生与各系之间营造出整体上的视觉关系，并有利于建筑的良好采光条件。

原有的砖建筑需要大量翻修，而这是在当地遗产机构指导下完成的。几乎所有的屋顶都更换一新，对原始的砖体进行了翻修，窗户改为双层。地板是防氡的，同时铺了新的混凝土板以改善热效率。经计算，整座建筑的净能耗是每年128 KWh/m2。考虑到建筑大部分原先都无保温，这个结果是很好的。费斯迪卡廉学校让历史与现代浑然一体，其独特的教学区将成为奥斯陆发展区的催化剂。（尚晋 译）

2.3 剖面/Sections

4 内景/Interior view

5 外景/Exterior view

GASA - a group of collaborating architects, is an Oslo-based architectural firm that has had a strong environmental focus since its inception thirty years ago.

6.7 外景/Exterior views

Fyrstikkalleén School, also known as F21, is the first facility in Oslo to house kindergarten, middle and high schools in one building. The school is situated in an area under development, and serves the local community by offering a multi-purpose hall, library, cafeteria as well as a meeting place for the residents. The design intentions were to create a coherent school, fusing the old industrial buildings to the west, previously a match factory, together with a new modern school building to the east. The new and the old are linked by the new building's third floor, which creates a portal that serves as an easily identifiable main entrance to the school, cafeteria and library and as a thoroughfare to Grøvold Square in the north. All general teachingareas are located in the new building, and specialised areas such as science labs and art/media studios are found in the existing building. An internal communication hallway and two large staircases connect the areas together and contribute to informal meetings between students and teachers. The precise dark stone cladding and extensive use of glass façades on the new buildings results in a deliberate contrast to the 100-year old brick facades of the previous match factory. Only a few materials were specified in order to keep coherency between the old and new. Brick, concrete, stone, wood, steel and MDF are all highly durable materials which contribute to lowering the building's environmental impact. The colour scheme is gentle, with a palette of black, grey and white, with the thought that the students and teachers will give colour and vibrancy to the school. Transparency and clear organisation of the building has been important in the design of the facility. The school's courtyard is clearly organised with different activity zones. Skylights and extensive use of glass walls provide overall visual contact between students and departments, and contributes to excellent daylight conditions in the building.

The existing brick building was in need of extensive refurbishment, which was done in consultation with the local heritage authority. Almost all of the roofs were replaced with new structures; the original brickwork was refurbished as well as the windows which benefitted from a new double layer. The floors were radon proofed and a new concrete floor was laid out to improve thermal efficiency. The net energy use of the whole building was calculated at 128 kWh/m2per year and is a fine result considering large parts of the facility contains the existing un-insulated buildings. Fyrstikkalléen School is a sleek interplay between the historical and modern that provides unique learning areas that can be a catalyst for the area of Oslo that is under development.

项目信息/Credits and Data

客户/Client: Undervisningsbygg Oslo KF

功能/Program: 幼儿园、初中和高中/Kindergarten, Middle and High School

顾问/Consultants: Multiconsult, LINK Arkitektur AS Landskap

承建商/Contractor: Veidekke Entreprenør AS

项目时间/Project Period: 2006-2010

项目面积/Project Area: 14,500m2

摄影/Photo: Jiri Havran

8 地下层平面/Basement floor plan

9 首层平面/Ground floor plan

10 二层平面/1st floor plan

11 内景/Interior view

贾冬婷：如何激发工业建筑中的城市性与多样性？这是由工厂改造而来的费斯迪卡廉学校面临的挑战。尤其是作为一个从幼儿园到中学的一贯制学校，有效利用其清晰的秩序感，并增添更多的活力，是重要的改建方向。新功能更多由东侧新建的校舍来承担，弧形空间的使用、色彩的添加，强化了这一方向。而新旧两个建筑力求一致的材料和配色方案，也是对历史建筑从物质层面到精神层面的尊重和延续。

评论

青锋：横跨空中的廊桥让人不由自主地想起了格罗皮乌斯的德绍包豪斯校舍，实际上两所学校的平面更为接近，风车状布局对于需要良好通风采光的教育结构是最理想的选择之一。但是火柴厂的存在改变了一切，它就像人们在海边所捡到的漂木，时间与海浪抹去了棱角，但仍然留下了它不变的质感，熟悉，同时也陌生。勒·柯布西耶收集了很多这种漂木，罗西甚至不惜生造出烟囱与锥塔来模仿海边的偶遇。费斯迪卡廉学校的建筑师是幸运的，他们遇到了宝贵的事物，并且知道如何去珍视它。

Comment

QING Feng: The newly built floor across the sky makes people thinking about the Bauhaus school in Dessau by Gropius. Actually the plans of the two schools are more similar: the windmill shaped layout is one of the most ideal choices for education structures that require good ventilation and lighting. But the existence of the match factory changed everything. It's like a piece of floating wood picked by the sea: time and waves erased the edges, but its invariable texture remains, familiar and strange. Le Corbusier collected a lot of these floating woods; Rossi even bothered creating chimneys and cone towers to imitate these accidental seaside encounters.The architects of Fyrstikkalleén School are lucky: they met precious things, and know how to treasure them. (Translated by CHEN Yuxiao)

JIA Dongting: How can the urbanity and diversity of industrial architecture be evoked? The Fyrstikkalleén School project, which was converted from a factory, has faced such challenge. As a coherent school that offers kindergarten to secondary-school education, effectively utilising its sense of order and seasoning it with more vitality has become an important reconstruction approach. The fresh features in the newly built school building on the east side, as well as the utilisation of arc-shaped spaces and colours, have emphasised such an approach. The attempt to use the same materials and colour scheme for the old and new, illustrates the respect being paid to the historical building, from the physical level to the spiritual level. (Translated by Dandan Wang)

Fyrstikkalleén School, Oslo, Norway, 2010

Architects: GASA AS

12-15 内景/Interior views