赵祖来,徐志勇,周玉末,鲜明
输卵管积液的CT及MRI影像学诊断价值研究
赵祖来,徐志勇*,周玉末,鲜明
目的对输卵管积液者应用CT和MRI影像学诊断的价值进行研究。材料与方法回顾性分析2013年8月至2016年8月本院诊治的输卵管积液64例患者临床资料,按照随机方法和临床所用不同影像学诊断技术分成对照组及观察组,各为32例,前者用CT技术诊断,对后者用MRI技术诊断,观察及对比两组影像学表现和漏诊、准确概率。结果CT诊断32例患者均是囊性肿块,其中22例(68.75%)边界清晰,双侧肿块4例(12.50%),位于左、右侧附件区分别为15例(46.88%)、13例(40.63%);MRI诊断肿块边缘较光整,外形呈S或C形腊肠样;观察组诊断漏诊概率均比对照组低,且诊断准确概率(96.88%)比对照组(78.13%)高(P<0.05)。结论输卵管积液借助MRI影像学诊断价值高,能够获得清晰影像学资料,减少漏诊发生,提高疾病诊断准确概率,且于实际操作中可将两种技术联合使用,以发挥各自优势。
输卵管积液;磁共振成像;体层摄影术,X线计算机
赵祖来, 徐志勇, 周玉末, 等. 输卵管积液的CT及MRI影像学诊断价值研究.磁共振成像, 2017, 8(1): 42-44.
输卵管炎作为育龄期女性一种常见炎性类病变,分为急性和慢性,若炎症未及时治疗,将使伞端出现粘连闭锁,致使液体积聚在管腔内,最终导致输卵管积液[1-3]。输卵管积液好发于40岁左右人群,临床症状主要表现为下腹痛、发热等,易导致月经不调和不孕等,临床最常用检查技术为X线造影,但诊断价值不高[4]。笔者分析CT和MRI对输卵管积液的诊断价值,从而为临床采取相应防治措施提供参考。
1.1 一般性资料
搜集2013年8月至2016年8月本院诊治的输卵管积液64例患者临床资料,均符合输卵管积液相关诊断标准[5]。按照 临 床 所 用 不 同 影 像 学 诊 断技术分成对照组(CT诊断)及观察组(MRI诊断),对照组32例,年龄30~52岁,平均(40.12±1.08)岁,病程1~38个月,平均(17.30±2.23)个月,其中10例未婚,22例已婚;观察组32例,年龄30~53岁,平均(40.14±1.09)岁,病程1~37个月,平均(17.28±2.21)个月,其中11例未婚,21例已婚;两组年龄、病程及结婚状况等资料对比均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。纳入标准:(1)通过临床病理证实;(2)临床主要表现为下腹部疼痛及伴体温升高。排除标准:(1)患严重肾、肝、心等疾病;(2)存在精神障碍。观察及比较CT、MRI两组影像学表现,对比两组诊断漏诊、准确概率情况。本研究提交的方案均通过医学伦理委员会批准,参与研究的人员均签署知情同意书。
1.2 检查方法
采用德国西门子公司Definition AS 64排螺旋CT机,全面扫描方式,扫描参数:0.625螺距,5 mm层厚,电压、电流水平分别为120 kV、250 mA,常规性螺旋扫描盆腔范围,且将重建层厚控制为1.25 mm,待平扫完成之后,以3 ml/s流速静脉滴注100 ml优维显(Bayer Schering Pharma AG,H20030506,100 ml/30 g)。采用美国GE公司生产的Discovery 750 W 3.0 T型MRI机,采取全面扫描方式,将层厚设置为5 mm,1 mm层距,进行轴面与矢状面扫描,且予快速自旋回波和T1WI序列增强扫描,增强扫描时对比剂用0.10 mmol/kg钆喷替酸葡甲胺(规格20 ml/0.50 mol/L)。
表1 两组诊断漏诊及准确情况对比Tab. 1 Comparison of Missed Diagnosis or Misdiagnosis, and Accuracy between the two groups
图1 CT示右侧输卵管积液 图2 MRI示内侧囊壁细条形低信号影、右侧输卵管积液 图3 增强MRI示输卵管囊壁和间隔强化Fig. 1 CT: Right fallopian hydrosalpinx. Fig. 2 MRI: Thin strip low signal image of interior cyst wall, right fallopian hydrosalpinx. Fig. 3 MRI enhanced scan: Oviduct cyst wall and septal enhancement.
1.3 统计学应用
采用SPSS 22.0统计学软件进行分析,两组正态计数资料利用例数形式表示,计数资料组间率对比用χ2检验,P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义。
2.1 CT诊断组影像学表现
32例患者均是囊性肿块,其中22例(68.75%)边界清晰,双侧肿块4例(12.50%),位于左、右侧附件区分别为15 (46.88%)例、13例(40.63%);大部分肿块内侧能够看见鸟嘴型指向患者子宫底外侧(78.13%,25/32)(图1)。
2.2 MRI诊断组影像学表现
32例中,右侧囊性肿块有12例(37.50%),双侧均有3例(9.38%),肿块位于左侧附件区17例(53.13%);所有肿块的边缘均较光整;外形呈S或C形腊肠样,借助子宫肌层作为等信号的参照,显示囊液呈T2WI高信号与T1WI低信号(图2),且增强扫描后,输卵管囊壁和间隔出现强化(图3)。
2.3 两组诊断漏诊及准确情况比较
观察组诊断漏诊或误诊概率较对照组低,且诊断准确概率较对照组高,比较差异显著,具统计学意义(P<0.05;表1)。
作为妇科一种常见疾病的输卵管积液,既可单独发病,亦可作为其他病症的合并表现;此类疾病致病原因包括输卵管妊娠、输卵管肿瘤、子宫内膜异位症、慢性盆腔炎等,其中慢性盆腔炎属于此类疾病常见病因[6-7]。输卵管积液为导致不孕的一种主要原因,临床需积极实施有效诊疗手段,促进患者生活质量提高[8-9]。超声为输卵管积液首选影像诊断方法,能够将子宫和附件显示,但对伴其他附件病变或者不典型积液者较难诊断;伴随临床诊断技术不断发展,CT和MRI影像学技术得到临床广泛应用,具有较高诊断价值[10-11]。
MRI影像诊断技术具多平面成像和软组织的分辨率高等特点,能够更好显示机体管状结构,对卵巢辨认和输卵管积血、积液鉴别诊断价值高;MRI多参数、多角度成像,可充分显示输卵积液的具体形态,能够更全面了解患者输卵管的积液状态,从而减少漏诊发生,促进疾病诊断准确概率提高,有利于及时制定有效治疗措施[12-14]。其中,CT影像学特征表现在子宫一侧或者两者莲藕型和腊肠样低密度,不仅可提供更多影像类证据,而且能够直观且清晰地对患者机体输卵管及盆腔内具体状况加以了解。相关临床研究文献发现,相比CT诊断技术MRI更加能够获得清晰影像学资料,提高疾病诊断准确概率,而实际操作中需合理利用,根据患者具体病情于临床实际诊断中结合两种诊断技术,从而发挥各自优势,为临床疾病治疗提供重要参考。
本研究通过分析两组具体影像学表现情况,结果显示:CT诊断边界清晰者所占比例为68.75%,大部分肿块内侧可见鸟嘴型指向患者子宫底外侧,MRI诊断所有肿块的边缘均较光整,且增强扫描后强化输卵管囊壁和间隔,信号强,与Mainka等[15]的报道相似,提示:输卵管积液借助CT或MRI影像学诊断均具有较高价值,空间分辨率高。为深入了解CT和MRI技术诊断对疾病确诊情况的影响,本研究对比分析两组诊断漏诊概率及准确概率,显示:观察组诊断漏诊概率3.12%较对照组低,诊断准确概率96.88%较对照组高,说明输卵管积液借助MRI影像学诊断价值较高,有利于减少漏诊发生,促进疾病诊断准确概率提高,从而为临床尽早实施相应防治措施提供借鉴。基于受样本例数、外部环境、时间等因素制约,本研究关于输卵管积液借助MRI影像学诊断且积极采取有效治疗措施后对患者预后改善的影响,需增加样本量等予以深入研究及补充。
输卵管积液借助MRI影像学诊断的价值较CT高,可减少漏诊发生,提高疾病诊断准确概率,具一定临床推广及研究价值。此外,在实际操作中按照患者具体情况可将两种技术联合使用,以便发挥各自优势。
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Value of CT and MRI imaging in the diagnosis of hydrosalpinx
ZHAO Zu-lai, XU Zhi-yong*, ZHOU Yu-mo, XIAN Ming
Department of Radiology, Huanggang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei, Huanggang 438000, China
*Correspondence to: Xu ZY, E-mail: 657862000@qq.com
Received 20 Oct 2016, Accepted 10 Dec 2016
Objective:To study the diagnostic value of CT and MRI for hydrosalpinx.Materials and Methods:The clinical data of 64 patients diagnosed with hydrosalpinx in our hospital between August 2013 and August 2016 were analyzed, and were divided into a control group and an observation group according to the different imaging techniques applied, with 32 cases in each group. The control group was diagnosed by CT, and the observation group by MRI. The specific diagnostic values in the two groups were observed and compared.Results:All the 32 cases were confirmed with cystic masses by CT diagnosis, among which 22 (68.75%) were with clear boundary masses and 4 with bilateral masses (12.50%), with 15 cases (46.88%) with masses in the left adnexa and 13 (40.63%) in the right adnexa, MRI diagnosis showed that, the edge of the masses was smooth, S-shaped or C shaped like sausage. The proportion of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis in the observation group was 3.12%, lower than the 21.88% in the control group, and diagnosis accuracy was 96.88%, higher than the 78.13% in the control group (P<0.05).Conclusions:For the diagnosis of hydrosalpinx, MRI is with higher diagnostic value, which can obtain clear imaging data, reduce misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis, and improve the diagnosis accuracy, therefore, it is of significant value to be popularized in clinical application. Besides, in actual practice, CT and MRI could be combined together to play their respective advantages.
Hydrosalpinx; Magnetic resonance imaging; Tomography, X-ray computed
湖北省黄冈市中医医院放射科,黄冈438000
徐志勇,E-mail:657862000@qq.com
2016-10-20接受日期:2016-12-10
R445.2;R711.76
A
10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2017.01.010