辛献云
在一次记者见面会上,李克强总理谈到改革贵在行动,用了一句通俗易懂的话—“喊破嗓子不如甩开膀子”,令人印象深刻,而这句话的英文翻译“Talking the talk is not as good as walking the walk”更是引起人们的热议。在一片赞美声中,也有人提出了不同意见,认为该译文没有译出“嗓子”“膀子”这两个关键词,失去了原文的比喻色彩,故逊色于原文,并提出自己的译文:“Talking up big is not as good as rolling up sleeves.”那么,到底该如何看待这一译文呢?
笔者认为,“Talking the talk is not as good as walking the walk”虽然没有保留原文的比喻形象,但仍然称得上是精彩的妙译,原因如下。
首先,从语体上说,原文使用的是通俗易懂的大众语言,生动形象,铿锵有力,译文也同样具备这一特点。Talk the talk和walk the walk都是常用的英语习语,无论是书面语还是口语都广为使用。Talk the talk意思是“to speak knowledgeably about something, especially something that one claims or implies one can do well”,强调“言”;walk the walk则是指“to do what one claims one will do; deliver on ones promises”,强调“行”。这两者常常连在一起使用,表示“言行统一”或“言行不一”。例如:
①Most of these guys say they have religious beliefs, but only a few of them can talk the talk and walk the walk.
他们多数人声称自己有宗教信仰,但只有少数人能够言行如一。
②The American people are tired of politicians who talk the talk but dont walk the walk when it comes to fiscal responsibility.
在财政责任问题上,美国人民讨厌那些夸夸其谈却不付诸行动的政客们。
事实上,这一习语如此流行,以至于出现了一些变体,比如walk the talk (act on your speech, doing what you say youll do or what you say you believe in)、talk the walk (talk about what you plan to do)、talk the talk and walk、walk the walk and talk等,将这一文字游戏推向极致。例如:
You talk the walk, but do you walk the talk?
你说的很好听,但做的也能一样好吗?
其次,从形式和音律上说,“喊破嗓子”和“甩开膀子”对仗工整,音律和谐,朗朗上口,译文也同样具有这一特点。Talk the talk和walk the walk重叠反复,talk和walk押韵自然,修辞特色鲜明,可谓兼具形式美和音律美。
因此,虽然译文没有出现“嗓子”“膀子”的比喻形象,但在语体的通俗性、形式的工整性和音律的和谐性方面,丝毫不比原文逊色,堪称妙译。而“Talking up big is not as good as rolling up sleeves”虽然也能表达相同的意思,在形式和音律方面却要逊色得多。
在“言”和“行”的问题上,英汉两种语言都有许多生动形象的表达,为翻译提供了多样化的选择。在汉语中,表达“只说不做”“言行不一”的词有很多,如“放空炮”“开空头支票”“干打雷不下雨”“说的比唱的还好听”“说一套做一套”“阳奉阴违”“当面一套,背地一套”等等。这些习语在英语中都可以找到相应的表达方法:
①不要放空炮,拿出行动来。
Now, none of your empty talk. Lets see how you act.
②奥巴马说,美国给巴基斯坦开“空头支票”的日子一去不返了。
Obama said that the days of the US giving Pakistan a blank cheque were over.
③这无非只是张空头支票。
It is nothing more than an empty promise.
④但是,美国政府实际上是在干打雷不下雨。
However, the United States has virtually no arrows in its quiver.
⑤他承诺说在下午三点之前完成工作,可这是不可能的。這还真是干打雷不下雨啊。
He promised he would finish the job before 3 p.m., but it was impossible—this is really big hat, not cattle.
⑥在这个大厅里,一些发达国家的发言说的比唱的都好听,但做的实际怎么样就是另一回事了。
The statements made by some developed countries in this hall are full of high-sounding words, but what they have done is quite another story.
⑦有些唐宁街的职业政客们说一套做一套。
Some career politicians on Downing Street say one thing and do the complete opposite (or do another).
⑧谁都会夸夸其谈,但真正做好却很难。
Anyone can talk a good game, but actually performing well is far more difficult.
⑨空谈误国,实干兴邦。
Empty talk harms the nation; practical action helps it thrive.
“干打雷不下雨”除了“big hat, not cattle”或者“all hat, not cattle”之外,还有许多形象的表达,比如:all bark and no bite、all bluff and bluster、“all crown, no filling”、“all foam, no beer”、“all hammer, no nail”、“all icing, no cake”、all mouth and no trousers、all mouth and trousers、“all shot, no powder”、all sizzle and no steak、all talk and no action、all wax and no wick、all motion and no meat、“all show, no go”、all fart and no poo。
在2016年的美国总统大选中,特朗普批评希拉里光说不练,为我们提供了一个很好的例子:
Typical politician. All talk, no action. Sounds good, doesnt work. Never going to happen.
典型的政客。光说不练。说的比唱的都好听,就是没用。永远不兑现。
马丁·路德·金在他的一篇演講中,曾经对美国政府只说不练表达过强烈的不满:
Let us be dissatisfied until America will no longer have a high blood pressure of creeds and an anemia of deeds.
这里将只会夸夸其谈比作患上了“信条上的高血压”,不干实事比作“行动上的贫血症”,可谓一针见血。
与“喊破嗓子”相反的是“甩开膀子”,除walk the walk之外,其还可以翻译成have a big go、go all out、go (at sth.) with a free-hand (or free-handed)等等,例如:
①不要瞻前顾后,畏首畏尾,甩开膀子干吧!
Dont be overtaken by misgivings and fear. Just go full steam ahead!
②让我们甩开膀子和大家一起干。
Lets take our coat off and muck in with everybody else.
莎士比亚在《理查三世》(Richard III)中,用一句精彩的台词表达了行动的重要性,可以作为本文的结束:
Fear not, my lord, we will not stand to prate;
Talkers are no good doers: be assured
We come to use our hands and not our tongues.
放心吧,大人,我们不是来讲空话的;
夸夸其谈的人干不成大事:请放心
我们是来动手的,不是动口的。
同样,新的一年,让我们少说话,多做事,甩开膀子,迈开步子,not just talk the talk, but also walk the walk。