王媛媛++曹建++万建华
[摘要]目的 研究磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)在间歇性低氧(IH)对抗大鼠心肌缺血/再灌注(I/R)损伤中的作用机制。方法 将60只大鼠随机分为四组,分别为假手术组(n=15)、I/R组(n=15)、IH+I/R组(n=15)、IH+I/R+PI3K抑制剂组(n=15)。将大鼠暴露在低氧循环制作IH动物模型,通过球囊结扎冠脉方法制作心肌I/R动物模型,通过TTC染色确定梗死面积。采用Western blot法检测蛋白激酶B(AKt)表达。结果 与I/R组比较,IH+I/R组的心肌梗死面积下降(P<0.05),Akt蛋白表达升高(P<0.05)。与IH+I/R组比较,IH+I/R+PI3K抑制剂组心肌梗死面积增加(P<0.05),Akt蛋白表达下降(P<0.05)。结论 IH在大鼠心肌缺血损伤中具有心脏保护作用,其保护机制与激PI3K信号通路有关。
[关键词]磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶;心肌缺血/再灌注;蛋白激酶B
[中图分类号] R-332 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721(2017)02(c)-0106-03
Protective mechanism of phosphatidylinositol 3- kinase on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury induced by intermittent hypoxia in rats
WANG Yuan-yuan1 CAO Jian2▲ WAN Jian-hua3
1.Department of Cardiology,the Third Hospital of Nanchang City,Nanchang 330009,China;2.Department of Anesthesiology,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University,Nanchang 330006,China;3.Department of Anesthesiology,Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Jingdezhen City in Jiangxi Province,Jingdezhen 333000,China
[Abstract]Objective To study the mechanisms of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase PI3K on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury induced by intermittent hypoxia in rats.Methods 60 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups,included sham-operated group (n=15),myocardial ischemia/reperfusion group (I/R) (n=15),I/R+intermittent hypoxia (IH) group (n=15) and I/R+IH+PI3K inhibitor group(n=15).Mice were exposed to intermittent hypoxia cycles to establish the IH model.I/R model was established by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery,myocardial infarct areas were measured through TCC staining,the expression of phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) was analyzed by Westen blot.Results Compared with the I/R group,the myocardial infarct size of IH+I/R group decreased (P<0.05),the expression of Akt protein increased (P<0.05).Compared with the IH+I/R group,the myocardial infarction area of IH+I/R+PI3K inhibitor group increased (P<0.05),the expression of Akt protein decreased (P<0.05).Conclusion There is protective effects of intermittent hypoxia on myocardial ischemia injury in rats,and the protective mechanism is related to the activation of inibitor group PI3K signaling pathway.
[Key words]Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase;Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury;Protein kinase B間歇性低氧(intermittent hypoxia,IH)是机体某种生理和病理状态下的低氧形式,一定时间内间断地暴露于低氧环境,其余时间均处于常氧环境。给机体反复间断中等程度的低氧刺激,能增强机体对此种及更高程度低氧的耐受力,从而避免对机体真正的不可逆损伤的产生[1]。早期的动物实验及流行病学调查发现,低氧适应可以增加心脏对缺氧缺血损伤的保护作用[2]。磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/丝苏氨酸蛋白激酶(PI3K/Akt)信号途径是细胞内重要的信号转导通路,是由PI3K活化,从而产生的类脂产物,并作为第二信使结合激活下游多种靶蛋白,结合成信号级联复合物,调节细胞增殖分化凋亡[3-4]。PI3K及下游靶蛋白所组成的信号途径是目前细胞内重要的信号转导通路之一。细胞凋亡的这两种通路都被认为是PI3K/Akt通路的下游通路,受PI3K-Akt通路的调控。PI3K超家族在细胞生长、增殖、存活和凋亡过程中发挥重要作用。Akt是PI3K/Akt激活后的下游效应器。PI3K/Akt通路也可通过调控Caspase-3、Caspase-8以及Bcl-2家族参与肌细胞凋亡的心肌保护作用。本实验拟讨论PI3K在间歇性低氧对心肌缺血/再灌注(I/R)损伤中的作用机制。
1材料与方法
1.1实验动物及试剂材料
取8~10周雄性SD大鼠60只,体重(200±20)g,由南昌大学动物实验中心提供。渥曼青霉素购自Alexis公司,小鼠抗Akt单克隆抗体购自美国Santa Cruz公司;蛋白浓度测定标准品购自普利莱公司;兔抗小鼠辣根过氧化物酶标记的二抗购自美国Sigma公司。
1.2动物模型建立
本实验研究经南昌大学医学院动物伦理委员会审查通过,许可证号为SCXK(赣)2009-0001。将实验动物随机分为4组,制作老鼠IH模型:暴露在每日4次的低氧循环(每次接受2 min 6%~8%低氧,然后3 min再氧和处理,5次),IH处理14 d,含氧量正常的降支老鼠作为对照组。假手术组(n=15):丝线穿过冠状动脉但左室支但不结扎,通过尾静脉注射生理盐水;I/R组(n=15):参考垫扎球囊法[5]制作大鼠I/R模型;IH+I/R组(n=15):建立IH动物模型后,制作I/R模型;IH+I/R+PI3K抑制剂组(n=15):建立IH模型,制作I/R模型时,在冠状动脉左前降支闭塞15 min前注射PI3K抑制剂-渥曼青霉素(24 μg/kg)。
1.3心肌梗死面积测定
制模结束后处死存活大鼠,取新鲜大鼠心脏,用PBS冲洗,-20℃冰冻30 min切片,再用1% TTC 37℃染色25 min,切片放甲醛过夜增强颜色对比。梗死区不染色,非心肌梗死区染色为红色。扫描仪扫描心脏切片,使用Image proplus 6.0软件测量相关区域面积,梗死面积(%)=左心室组织切片梗死区面积/左心室组织切片总面积×100%。
1.4 Western blot法检测Akt蛋白表达
制模结束后处死手术处理后的存活大鼠,通过组织颜色改变判断心肌正常组织和缺血组织,通过Western blot方法来测定Akt蛋白,提取各组心肌组织,按蛋白提取试剂盒说明书提取总蛋白,监测蛋白浓度,收集上清液,采用考马斯亮蓝法进行担保定量。SDS-PAGE分离样品后电泳转移至硝酸纤维膜上,常温下TBST封闭过夜,再加入anti-Akt 小鼠单抗(一抗)、室温下免疫沉淀1 h,加入兔抗小鼠辣根过氧化物酶标记的二抗2 h。洗膜,显色。具体方法参照文献[9],实验胶片扫描后用Image J软件进行图像分析,比值结果表示蛋白的相对含量,用Gel-ProAnalyzer分析软件分析通道蛋白的灰度值。
1.5统计学分析
采用SPSS 15.0统计学软件对数据进行分析,计量资料以均数±标准差(x±s)表示,组间两两比较应用q检验,多组间比较应用单因素方差分析,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2结果
与I/R组比较,IH+I/R组的心肌梗死面积下降(P<0.05),Akt蛋白表达升高(P<0.05)。与IH+I/R组比较,IH+I/R+PI3K抑制剂组心肌梗死面积增加(P<0.05),Akt蛋白表达下降(P<0.05)(表1)。
3讨论
低氧是心肌缺血的主要因素,对引发缺血性心脏疾病起着重要作用。通过增加心脏对缺血、低/缺氧的耐受性来达到保护心脏的目的是临床和基础医学研究关注的热点。IH能增加心肌对I/R损伤的耐受性、减少心肌梗死面积、对抗细胞凋亡、改善I/R心脏舒缩功能。有资料显示,IH适应可减轻应激、缺血、I/R及心律失常等对心肌的损伤[7-9],不过目前关于IH的心肌保护作用机制的研究还是非常匮乏。
PI3K是心肌细胞内的一个重要生物分子,是细胞内信号传导有关的脂类第二信使,可参与细胞应答,在细胞存活、细胞凋亡、细胞骨架重组、囊泡运输等多种生物学事件中有重要作用[10-12]。在心肌,PI3K通过信号转导、改善心肌收缩力及间接调节钙通道钙离子内流等方面调节心肌功能[13-14]。
PI3K活化底物PI-3,4,5-P3(PIP3)与AKT结合,此时AKT的构型发生改变,AKT被磷酸化而激活,促进细胞进入到细胞分裂周期并减少细胞凋亡[15]。Akt磷酸化后被激活,激活的Akt可磷酸化eNOS第1177位丝氨酸,使eNOS激活。eNOS是合成NO的限速酶,NO可激活蛋白激酶C和线粒体ATP敏感性钾离子通道,抑制线粒体通透性轉换孔的开放,降低线粒体膜通透性,抑制线粒体内钙超载,改善线粒体功能,抑制线粒体释放凋亡因子而调控细胞凋亡过程[16-17].
本实验建立IH模型,发现IH预处理后可以减轻心肌I/R损伤,使Akt蛋白表达增加,心肌梗死面积下降。PI3K抑制剂(渥曼青霉素)组的Akt蛋白表达降低,心肌梗死面积增加,提示心肌I/R损伤在IH处理后,可以激活PI3K-Akt信号途径,使AKt磷酸化活化,减少细胞凋亡。PI3K/Akt可能通过活化内皮型一氧化氮合酶诱导抗凋亡蛋白表达增加,同时抑制促凋亡蛋白调控细胞凋亡等多种机制发挥心肌保护作用,其内在机制值得进一步研究探讨。
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(收稿日期:2016-12-09 本文编辑:祁海文)