十 大 扮 演 者

文/亚历克斯·韦斯特索普 译/邓新荷 徐弘程

十 大 扮 演 者

文/亚历克斯·韦斯特索普 译/邓新荷 徐弘程

I t was 130 years ago that a young Scottish physician called Arthur Conan Doyle wrote some stories about a master detective, mainly to amuse himself between appointments at his surgery.

[2] His creation, Sherlock Holmes, loosely based on his mentor, forensic1forensic鉴证的，法医的。surgeon Joseph Bell, first appeared in the 1887Beeton’s Christmas Annual, in a story calledA Study In Scarlet. The maverick2maverick特立独行的。detective has since appeared numerous times in films and on television, portrayed by a cornucopia3cornucopia 大量。of eccentric actors from around the world, though chie fl y from Britain and America.

130年前，年轻的苏格兰医生阿瑟·柯南·道尔写了几则神探破案的故事，主要是为给应诊之余的自己找点乐子。

[2]他笔下的角色歇洛克·福尔摩斯大致以他的导师——法医约瑟夫·贝尔为原型。福尔摩斯在1887年的《比顿圣诞年刊》中首次亮相，出现在一篇名为《暗红习作》的故事中。自那以后，这位特立独行的侦探便在影视剧中频频露面。世界各地形形色色、个性迥异的演员都曾出演这个角色，不过大部分来自英美。

[3]福尔摩斯的经典形象是头戴猎鹿帽、手握烟斗、身披方格呢风衣，这一形象为喜剧演员提供了很大的发挥空间，因此，巴斯特·基顿、彼得·库克和约翰·克里斯等众多扮演者纷纷大显身手，呈现了不同版本的福尔摩斯。

[3] The iconic image of deerstalker4deerstalker猎鹿帽。, pipe and tweed5tweed 粗花呢。overcoat was a gift to comedians, and consequently, Holmes has been embodied by (amongst many others), Buster Keaton, Peter Cook andJohn Cleese.

10. Eille Norwood

Norwood played Holmes in 47 silent fi lms, modelling himself on the classic illustration of the detective by Sidney Paget. A true method actor, Norwood studied the role with enormous diligence and brought a wonderful intensity to his portrayal both in fi lm and on the stage. Although not especially well-known today, Norwood should be remembered as one of the first to establish and embody Sherlock Holmes beyond the pages of The Strand Magazine.

10. 埃利·诺伍德

诺伍德曾在47部默片中饰演福尔摩斯，其形象仿效了西德尼·佩吉特为福尔摩斯所作的经典插画。作为一名忠实的方法派演员，诺伍德下了大功夫来钻研角色。他在银幕和舞台上的表演炉火纯青。尽管诺伍德如今算不上家喻户晓，但作为《斯特兰杂志》之外最早塑造、诠释歇洛克·福尔摩斯的演员之一，他应当被人们铭记。

9. Nicholas Rowe

Nicholas Rowe was the star of the 1985 Steven Spielberg movie Young Sherlock Holmes. The film followed Sherlock’s early life and his fi rst meeting with John Watson as the two were caught up in the fi rst of many exciting mysteries. Rowe was engaging enough and the fi lm has much to recommend it.

9. 尼古拉斯·罗尔

尼古拉斯·罗尔在史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格1985年推出的电影《少年福尔摩斯》中担任主演。该片追溯了福尔摩斯的早年生活，讲述了他如何在第一桩奇案中与约翰·华生相遇，后来两人联手破获多起疑案。罗尔的表演夺人眼球，这部影片也确实值得一看。

8. Tom Baker

A year after leaving Doctor Who, Baker was invited to play Holmes by his former producer Barry Letts. The 1982 BBC television production of The Hound Of The Baskervilles, shown in the Sunday afternoon classic serial slot, was well received.

Later though, Baker admitted he felt

8. 汤姆·贝克

离开《神秘博士》剧组一年后，贝克应前制片人巴瑞·莱茨之邀，扮演了福尔摩斯。1982年版BBC电视剧《巴斯克维尔的猎犬》每周日下午在经典连续剧栏目播出，好评如潮。he had “failed” in the role. While not a role he’s immediately associated with, Tom Baker was a memorable Holmes, and the part was a gift for his natural eccentricity and boundless charisma6charisma 个人魅力。.

不过，贝克后来坦承，他感觉自己把这个角色“演砸了”。虽然没能迅速进入角色，但汤姆·贝克仍然演出了一个值得纪念的福尔摩斯。他天生离经叛道，魅力无穷，这个角色很好展现了他的天赋。

7. Arthur Wontner

Arthur Wontner won the role of Holmes having played Sexton Blake7教堂司事布莱克，一位出现在英国20世纪连环漫画和小说中的虚构侦探，被誉为“穷人的福尔摩斯”。, a character seen as a flattering imitation of the Baker Street detective. Wontner earned appreciation from staunch Holmes experts, including Conan Doyle’s wife, for his approach to the role in the fi lm The Sleeping Cardinal.

He appeared in five films in total between 1931 and 1937. All Wontner’s pictures had alternative titles to the original Conan Doyle. Silver Blaze, for instance, was later retitled Murder At The Baskervilles in an attempt to draw attention away from the successful Basil Rathbone movies.

7. 阿瑟·文特纳

阿瑟·文特纳因为饰演过教堂司事布莱克而获得了出演福尔摩斯的机会。布莱克这个角色被视为对那位贝克街侦探的讨好模仿。忠实的福尔摩斯专家们，包括柯南·道尔的妻子，都对文特纳在影片《沉睡的红衣主教》中的表演赞誉有加。

1931年到1937年间，他一共出演了五部电影。文特纳所有作品的标题都和柯南·道尔的原著不同。比如，《白额闪电》被改名为《巴斯克维尔谋杀案》，以此将人们的注意力从巴兹尔·雷斯伯恩成功出演的系列影片上引开。

6. 道格拉斯·威尔莫

在1964年版BBC深夜档选集剧《侦探》中，道格拉斯·威尔莫出演了“斑点带子”一集，成为第一位电视剧版福尔摩斯。接着，他又在1965年出演了另外12集福尔摩斯故事。威尔莫很大程度上借鉴了巴兹尔·雷斯伯恩的表演，将福尔摩斯严密的鉴证分析和冷漠的镇静姿态诠释得恰到好处。

6. Douglas Wilmer

Douglas Wilmer became the firsttelevision Sherlock Holmes when the BBC produced “The Speckled Band” in 1964 for anthology series8anthology series 深夜档选集。, Detective. He made a further twelve Conan Doyle stories in 1965. Basing his portrayal very much on Basil Rathbone, he played the role with just the right measure of forensic analysis and detached9detached 冷漠的。composure10composure 镇静。.

5. Robert Downey Jr

Over the course of two Guy Ritchie films, Sherlock Holmes (2009) and Sherlock Holmes: A Game Of Shadows (2011), the magnetic personality of Robert Downey Jr has allowed his rather crass, cynical, yet likeable portrayal of the master detective to be enjoyed by cinema-goers across the world.

Supported by Jude Law as a rather digni fi ed Watson, Downey Jr has made the part his own and delights a new generation of fans with his unkempt11unkempt凌乱不整的。eccentricity and Tigger-like enthusiasm.

5. 小罗伯特·唐尼

在盖·里奇导演的两部作品《大侦探福尔摩斯》（2009）和《大侦探福尔摩斯2：诡影游戏》（2011）中，小罗伯特·唐尼凭借个人魅力，使他塑造的粗鲁无礼、愤世嫉俗但依然惹人喜爱的大侦探形象受到全世界影迷的认可。

在裘德·洛塑造的高冷华生的协助下，小唐尼将自己融入了角色，他不修边幅的乖僻性格和跳跳虎一般的热情令新一代粉丝欢欣鼓舞。

4. 彼得·库欣

彼得·库欣在1959年哈默版《巴斯克维尔的猎犬》中就首次扮演了福尔摩斯，但他更广为流传的作品似乎还是BBC于1968年推出的16集电视剧《福尔摩斯探案集》，他取代道格拉斯·威尔莫出演这位贝克街大侦探。直到1984年，库欣还在电视电影《死亡面具》中扮演了福尔摩斯。

4. Peter Cushing

Although Peter Cushing first portrayed Holmes in the 1959 Hammer version of The Hound Of The Baskervilles, he is perhaps better remembered for the 16-episode, 1968BBC series, Sir Arthur Conan-Doyle’s Sherlock Holmes, when he replaced Douglas Wilmer as the Baker Street sleuth. Even as late as 1984, Cushing appeared as Holmes in the TV movie The Masks Of Death.

With his distinctive, rather bony features, Cushing certainly looked the part, and never gave anything less than a watchable and engrossing12engrossing 引人入胜的。performance. Cushing played many iconic characters in his long career, but his take on the great detective is one of his best.

凭借极具辨识度的瘦削身形，库欣看上去就很适合这个角色，而他也总是毫无保留地献上引人入胜的绝妙演出。在漫长的演艺生涯中，库欣创造了许多经典角色，而大侦探是其塑造最成功的角色之一。

3. Basil Rathbone

Arguably the actor most commonly identified with Sherlock Holmes on film, Sir Basil Rathbone made 14 Sherlock Holmes movies between 1939 and 1946, creating the deerstalker and cape look in the process. Rathbone’s performance in the 1939 version of The Hound Of The Baskervilles was a cinematic benchmark for all the actors who followed.

Rathbone played Sherlock over 200 times on radio, and he was the distinctive Holmes during the Second World War, a time when cinema truly was king. Rathbone’s silhouette is iconic, and he is often spoken of as “the doyen13doyen 元老。of the detective melodrama14melodrama 情节剧。”.

3. 巴兹尔·雷斯伯恩

从1939年到1946年，巴兹尔·雷斯伯恩爵士出演了14部讲述歇洛克·福尔摩斯的影片，在其中塑造了大侦探头戴猎鹿帽、身披风衣的形象。可以说，他是电影版福尔摩斯中最受认可的一位。雷斯伯恩在1939年版《巴斯克维尔的猎犬》中的表演被誉为电影史上的典范，后来的福尔摩斯扮演者皆引为榜样。

雷斯伯恩曾在广播节目中扮演歇洛克两百多次，在大银幕称王称霸的二战时期，他更是成为福尔摩斯的化身。总之，雷斯伯恩的形象已经成了一个标志，他常被人们称作“侦探剧元老”。

2. Benedict Cumberbatch

Star of the current BBC series Sherlock, Benedict Cumberbatch is Holmes for the 21st century. Doctor Who supremo15supremo 管理者。Steven Moffat and writer and actor Mark Gatiss created a series of stories loosely based on Conan Doyle’s work, but with a distinct modern day slant16slant 态度，看法。.

Benedict Cumberbatch is a fasttalking, perceptive, high cheek-boned Holmes, aloof yet prone to incredible social faux pas17faux pas 失态，失礼。. Cumberbatch eschews the deerstalker image for a long coat and scarf, and nicotine patches replace the pipe.

The BBC has a major hit with this superb and (at times) controversial 21st century retelling of the adventures of the world’s most famous consulting detective. Even purists are reconsidering things after this series, awash with GPS, texting and on-screen graphics as an integral part of the storytelling. It proves that Conan Doyle can be as relevant in 2017 as he was in the 1890s.

2. 本尼迪克特·康伯巴奇

BBC热播连续剧《神探夏洛克》的主演本尼迪克特·康伯巴奇塑造了21世纪的福尔摩斯。《神秘博士》的制片人史蒂芬·莫法特和编剧兼演员马克·加蒂斯携手，创造了一系列大致基于柯南·道尔原著却明显带有当代色彩的故事。

本尼迪克特·康伯巴奇饰演了一个语速飞快、洞察力强、颧骨高隆的福尔摩斯，超然冷漠，又容易陷入不可思议的社交尴尬。康伯巴奇回避了长大衣、围巾加猎鹿帽的造型，并用尼古丁片代替了大烟斗。

福尔摩斯是世界上最著名的顾问侦探，BBC将其冒险故事放在21世纪的背景下重述，风靡一时。这一版本制作精良，但也时有争议。即便最纯粹的原著读者，看过这套将GPS、短信和屏幕图像作为必要叙事成分堆砌其间的连续剧后，也会重新陷入思考。这也证明，柯南·道尔在2017年可以像在19世纪90年代一样流行。

1. 杰里米·布雷特

人们深深怀念的杰里米·布雷特是一个绝无仅有的天才——演技精湛，个性突出。

1. Jeremy Brett

The sorely-missed Jeremy Brett was a genuine one-off—an actor of immense skill and intense personality. In 1984 Granada television, fresh from the success of The Jewel In The Crown, produced an equally superb television adaptation of Sherlock 1984年，刚刚凭借《皇冠上的宝石》一剧大红大紫的格拉纳达电视台推出了同样高水准的歇洛克·福尔摩斯改编剧。杰里米·布雷特演绎歇洛克·福尔摩斯时，将自身对角色的解读充分融入其中，以至于后人将柯南·道尔的作品再做电视改编时，只得从完全不同的角度切入。Holmes. Jeremy Brett made Sherlock Holmes so much his own that any fresh television adaptation would have to approach Conan Doyle’s work from a very different direction.

Brett was bipolar18bipolar 躁郁的。, which heightened his mannered performance as Holmes, making his sudden flashes of manic thought, wit and melancholic19melancholic 忧郁的。malaise20malaise 莫名的不安。truly convincing. Brett fi lmed 41 of the Conan Doyle stories over a period of ten years. Like Ellie Norwood, Brett became obsessed with character, often taking method acting to the extreme to fully embody the spirit of Holmes.

Nearly 35 years since he fi rst portrayed the master detective from Baker Street, Jeremy Brett is seen by many as the de fi nitive Sherlock Holmes.

布雷特患有躁狂抑郁症，突显了他演绎的福尔摩斯特有的作派，使得福尔摩斯那些灵光突现的疯狂想法、锦囊妙计以及莫名的情绪低落着实令人信服。布雷特在10年间出演了41部柯南·道尔作品。他同埃利·诺伍德一样深陷在角色之中，常常将方法派表演运用到极致，只为充分展现福尔摩斯的精神。

从杰里米·布雷特初次扮演贝克街大侦探算起已近35年，很多人至今将其视为最权威的歇洛克·福尔摩斯扮演者。

（译者单位：复旦大学奇境译坊）

The Top 10 Portrayals of Sherlock Holmes

ByAlex Westthorp