名 字 的 由 来

译/王越凡 陈星云

名 字 的 由 来

The Name of Sherlock Holmes

译/王越凡 陈星云

S herlock Holmes—the name means logical thinking, just like the name of Albert Einstein. Holmes is a world famous character, and when someone says something stupid or states a thing that is obvious, we funnily call him/her Sherlock. But where does the name of the great detective originate from?

[2] It is not an easy question. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle renamed his hero many times, and in addition to that we have to take into consideration that Sherlock was created long ago, and many rumours were around him and his name. In the following we list the major anecdotes which blend into an interesting story.

就像“阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦”一样，“歇洛克·福尔摩斯”这个名字是逻辑思维的象征。福尔摩斯其人举世闻名，倘若谁说了什么愚蠢的话，或指出某个显而易见的事实时，我们也会戏称他或她为“歇洛克”。可是，这位伟大侦探的名字究竟源于何处呢？

[2]想要回答这个问题并不容易。阿瑟·柯南·道尔爵士曾为他的小说主人公多次改名，此外，我们还得考虑到，很久之前歇洛克就被创造出来了，围绕他和他名字的传闻层出不穷。以下我们罗列了几则主要的轶闻，合起来看也是一个有趣的故事。

歇洛克·福尔摩斯和希望（hope）

歇林福德·霍普（Hope）

[3]一开始，道尔想给笔下的侦探取名歇林福德·霍普。霍普（“希望”号）是从苏格兰彼得黑德驶向格林兰岛的一艘捕鲸船的名字。有人猜想，1880年，道尔厌倦了学习，偷偷溜到了这艘船上。但事实是，当时的医学院学生经常会去船上实习数月，因为在那里他们既能为未来的职业操练一番，又能帮助那些工作辛苦又危险的捕鲸人。当时道尔的某位同学被派往“希望”号，但因故无法参加，便让出了自己的名额，道尔迅速抓住了这个机会。他将那段航海生活写成了一本日记，后来以“柯南·道尔北极冒险日记”为名出版。

Sherlock Holmes and hope

Sherrinford Hope

[3] Originally Doyle wanted to call his detective Sherrinford Hope. Hope was the name of a whaling ship sailing from Scotland’s Peterhead to Greenland. There are suppositions1supposition 推测。that in 1880Doyle was bored of studying and he fl ed to the ship. The truth is that in those days medical students often served on ships for months, because they could practice their future profession and help whalers whose job was hard and dangerous. Conan’s classmate was assigned for Hope, but he could not take part on the journey. He offered his place and Doyle snatched at2snatch at 抓取。the opportunity. He wrote a diary about his days on board, which was later published with the title Dangerous Work: Diary of an Arctic Adventure.

[4] In the end the detective was renamed, because Louisa, the fi rst wife of Doyle thought the name Sherrinford Hope was awful, so she persuaded her husband to change it. Doyle chose the name Sherrinford Holmes. But Hope is not far from the British sleuth3第一部福尔摩斯探案小说《暗红习作》当中的主角之一名为霍普（Hope）。, as his greatest merit is that though he is a fictional character, he is still able to raise hope.

[4]最终，大侦探还是被改换了姓名，因为道尔的第一任妻子路易莎认为歇林福德·霍普这个名字实在难听，就说服丈夫换掉了它。道尔选择的新名字是“歇林福德·福尔摩斯”。但霍普（Hope）之名并未远离这位英国侦探，因为他最大的功绩就在于，虽然身为虚构人物，却依然能给人们带来希望（hope）。

奥利弗·温德尔·福尔摩斯

一个著名的福尔摩斯

[5]虽然福尔摩斯的原型是苏格兰外科医生约瑟夫·贝尔，但他的姓氏是致敬另一位与贝尔相似的医生。这位名叫奥利弗·温德尔·福尔摩斯的美国医生认为，细致的观察能力和出色的推演技巧在医学实践中至关重要。他是一位演说家，也是一位真正的改革者。他的思维非常理性。在他看来，顺势疗法就是一种伪科学——他公开发表了自己的看法，对那些错误观念加以分析。

Oliver Wendell Holmes

A famous Holmes

[5] While the model of Holmes was Scottish surgeon Joseph Bell, his family name is a kind of salute4salute 向……致敬。to another doctor similar to him. The American Oliver Wendell Holmes thought that meticulous5meticulous 一丝不苟。observation and good deducting skills6deducting skill 推理技巧。are essential in medicalpractice. He was a lecturer and a true reformer. His thinking was rational. He looked upon homeopathy7homeopathy 顺势疗法。as false science—he published his arguments and analysed the misbeliefs.

[6] He was not as tall as Bell, but he too wrote poems. He was an outstanding literary personality, who was an acclaimed novelist and poet.

[7] In Doyle’s novels the detective is a solitary genius, while the doctors who inspired him were married and had children. Oliver sometimes had a moustache like Doyle, and sometimes he was clean-shaven like Dr. Bell.

[6]他虽身高不如贝尔，但与贝尔一样都会写诗。他有着出色的文学修养，其小说家和诗人的身份广受赞誉。

名定“歇洛克·福尔摩斯”

是歇林福德还是歇灵福德？

[8]所以，我们的主人公到底是叫歇林福德·福尔摩斯，还是歇灵福德·福尔摩斯呢？有时他的名字里会有一个后鼻音。这两种版本道尔都喜欢，所以大侦探的粉丝也都接受了。现在我们还能读到以歇林（灵）福德·福尔摩斯为主人公的冒险故事，可当时的出版商却拒绝出版。面对冷遇，道尔选择了一个在英国人听来更顺耳的新名字：歇洛克。这个名字终于大获成功。

The name Sherlock Holmes is born

Sherrinford or Sherringford Holmes?[8] So our hero got the name Sherrinford Holmes. Or Sherringford Holmes? Sometimes there is a “g” in his first name. Doyle liked both versions,so the fans of the great detective use them too. Nowadays we could read the adventures of Sherrin(g)ford Holmes, but publishers rejected the stories. Seeing this, Doyle chose a new name that sounded better for British ears: Sherlock. This name met with success.

[9] Doyle also renamed the faithful chronicler8chronicler 记录者。of Holmes—his name changed from Ormand Sacker to John Watson. Dr. Patrick Watson was the colleague and close friend of Joseph Bell. He was a real gentleman. Though Doyle modelled Watson after himself, he also used Patrick Watson as inspiration.

[9]福尔摩斯事迹的忠实记录者也被道尔改了名字——从奥蒙德·赛克变成了约翰·华生。帕特里克·华生医生是约瑟夫·贝尔的同事和密友，也是一位真正的绅士。虽然道尔在塑造华生时主要以自己为原型，但他也从帕特里克·华生身上汲取了灵感。

阿拉善右旗西南部地区有龙首山，最高峰海拔3 052 m。暖湿气流受山脉阻挡形成堆积、不断增多，水汽密度不断增高挤压周边空气形成抬升现象，形成了很好的动力条件。这也是此次降水过程中，西南部地区量级偏大的一个重要因素。

[10] According to the Sherlock Holmes Society of London the name‘Sherlock’ originates from the famous violinist, Alfred Sherlock.

[11] Conan was a fan of cricket. He maybe chose the name Sherlock because of two revered9revered 受人尊敬的。British cricket players, Mordecai Sherwin and Frank Shacklock.

[10]根据伦敦歇洛克·福尔摩斯协会的说法，“歇洛克”这个名字出自著名的小提琴家阿尔弗雷德·歇洛克。

[11]柯南是个板球迷。他之所以选择“歇洛克”这个名字，或许是由于两位受人尊敬的英国板球运动员——莫迪凯·歇温和弗兰克·沙克洛克。

歇温+沙克洛克=歇洛克

[12]歇洛克这个名字源自古英语。它有以下几个意思：头发光亮的、短发的、修剪过的。值得一提的是，杰里米·布雷特接受饰演大侦探这一角色后，正是他提议必须让歇洛克头发光亮以凸显其机敏睿智。

SHERwin + ShackLOCK = SHERLOCK

[12] The name Sherlock has Old English origins. It has the following meanings: bright-haired, short-haired, sheared. It is worth to mention that when Jeremy Brett10（1933—1995），英国著名演员，40年演艺生涯曾出演众多经典作品，最广为人知的角色是大侦探歇洛克·福尔摩斯，被公认为那个时代最权威的福尔摩斯扮演者。accepted the roleof the great detective, it was his idea that Sherlock must be bright-hairedto show his brilliant mind.

[13] The name also means shorthaired—in the novels and on the original illustrations by Sydney Paget Sherlock has short, black hair. But his hair colour often changed both on illustrations and on screen. Anthony Higgins played him with long hairin the movieSherlock Holmes Returns.

[13]这个名字也有短发的意思——不论在小说中，还是在最早由西德尼·佩吉特绘制的插画中，歇洛克都是一头黑色短发。不过在后来的各种插画和影视片里，他的发色经常改变。安东尼·希金斯在电影《福尔摩斯复活》中，就以长发形象饰演了歇洛克。

[14] The brilliant detective became a real icon with the name Sherlock Holmes. Later some parodies11parody 滑稽模仿作品。played with it too—he was called Herlock Sholmes or Sherlock Hemlock.

[15] In some adaptations appears the name William Sherlock Holmes Scott as the true name of the detective. But you find no traces of it in the original Canon—Sir Arthur Conan Doyle always calls his hero Sherlock Holmes.

[14]这位杰出的侦探以“歇洛克·福尔摩斯”之名成为真正的偶像。后来，一些戏仿之作也玩起了这个名字——歇洛克·福尔摩斯被叫成了福洛克·歇尔摩斯或歇洛克·福摩洛克。

[15]有一些改编作品，还将威廉·歇洛克·福尔摩斯·斯科特作为大侦探的真名。但原著中根本找不到这种说法——阿瑟·柯南·道尔爵士始终把他的主人公称作歇洛克·福尔摩斯。

（译者单位：复旦大学奇境译坊）