鲁益飞, 谢文远, 陈建民, 马丹丹, 金孝锋
(1. 杭州师范大学生命与环境科学学院,浙江 杭州 310036; 2. 浙江省森林资源监测中心,浙江 杭州 310020;3. 浙江农林大学暨阳学院,浙江 诸暨 311800)
仙居紫菀
——浙江菊科紫菀族一新种
鲁益飞1, 谢文远2, 陈建民1, 马丹丹3, 金孝锋1
(1. 杭州师范大学生命与环境科学学院,浙江 杭州 310036; 2. 浙江省森林资源监测中心,浙江 杭州 310020;3. 浙江农林大学暨阳学院,浙江 诸暨 311800)
描述了采自浙江仙居菊科Asteraceae紫菀族Astereae的一新种——仙居紫菀AsterxianjuensisY. F. Lu, W. Y. Xie & X. F. Jin.该种形态上接近于匙叶紫菀A.spathulifoliusMaxim.和琴叶紫菀A.panduratusNees ex Walp.,不同前者之处在于叶片背面近无毛,茎中下叶片基部楔形下延成柄,总苞片外面被腺毛,与后者的不同在于茎中下部叶片基部楔形且下延成长柄,总苞片2层,外面密被腺毛与疏柔毛.此外,还附有浙江紫菀属分种(变种)检索表.
仙居紫菀;紫菀族;菊科;浙江;新种
菊科Asteraceae是被子植物中分化程度最高,种数最多的科,全球有1 600~1 700属,约24 000种,世界广布(除南极洲外)[1].菊科在科级水平上容易区分,但科以下水平的分类存在较大的分歧[2-3].传统上根据形态特征,将菊科分为2亚科、13族[2].Panero和Funk、Panero等根据cpDNA序列的系统发育研究,将菊科分成了12或13亚科[4-6].我国菊科植物有248属、2 300多种,隶属于2亚科、15族[1].
紫菀族Astereae是菊科中除向日葵族Heliantheae外最大的族,全世界约有225属、3 100种,以温带地区种类最多,中国有30属,237种[1].广义紫菀属Asters.l.是紫菀族中最大的属,Nesom、Noyes和Rieseberg、Brouillet等对广义紫菀属进行了系统发育方面的研究,都认为北美紫菀类植物应从广义紫菀属中分出,狭义的紫菀属Asters.s.不包含北美的那些类群.尽管如此,这样处理对紫菀属的界定依然是模糊的[7-9].在我国,对于紫菀属的界定也有不同的意见,如《中国植物志》(菊科紫菀族)中采用的是狭义紫菀属的概念,将东风菜属Doellingeria、女菀属Turczaninowia、莎菀属Arctogeron、狗娃花属Heteropappus、马兰属Kalimeris、裸菀属Gymnaster、紫菀木属Asterothamnus、乳菀属Galatella、麻菀属Linosyris、岩菀属Krylovia、碱菀属Tripolium和翠菊属Callistephus12属分出.在FloraofChina(菊科)中,则将东风菜属和马兰属作为其中的组,狗娃花属则置于假马兰组sect.Pseudocalimeris下,将裸菀属置于紫菀组sect.Aster下,上述其他属仍作为独立的属处理.
最近,在对浙江仙居的神仙居进行植物资源考察时,采集到一种紫菀属植物.此种总苞半球形,叶片具羽状脉,略接近琴叶紫菀A.panduratus,但经仔细比较后,认为区别明显,为一新种并命名为仙居紫菀A.xianjuensis.
1.1 材料来源
用于扫描电镜观察的叶片、总苞片和茎干等材料取自腊叶标本(匙叶紫菀Asterspathulifolius取自丁炳扬等5283号、琴叶紫菀A.panduratus取自洪林2494号、仙居紫菀A.xianjuensis取自金孝锋3829号),标本均存放于杭州师范大学标本馆(HTC).
1.2 方法
将取下的头状花序置于沸水中,1~2 min后取出,逐层剥离总苞片.各层总苞片室温下自然风干后粘在样台上,抽真空后喷金,置于KYKY-EM3200电镜下观察并拍照.
2.1 茎干毛被
仙居紫菀、匙叶紫菀和琴叶紫菀茎干毛被的扫描电镜结果见图1.仙居紫菀上部茎干被腺毛和稀疏的多节柔毛,匙叶紫菀和琴叶紫菀上部茎干被柔毛.琴叶紫菀毛被较匙叶紫菀更密(图1:A、E、J).
2.2 叶片背面毛被
仙居紫菀、匙叶紫菀和琴叶紫菀叶片背面毛被的扫描电镜结果见图1.仙居紫菀叶背近无毛,仅沿脉疏被多节柔毛,琴叶紫菀叶背明显被多节柔毛,匙叶紫菀叶背密被多节柔毛,沿中脉更密(图1:B、F、K).
2.3 总苞片微形态
仙居紫菀、匙叶紫菀和琴叶紫菀总苞片微形态见图1.仙居紫菀总苞片2层,其外层总苞片披针形,密被腺毛和疏柔毛,边缘具腺毛和柔毛;内层总苞片倒披针形,上部密被腺毛和疏柔毛,边缘亦被腺毛和柔毛(图1:C、D).匙叶紫菀和琴叶紫菀的总苞片3层,外层总苞片椭圆状披针形,密被柔毛,具缘毛;中间层总苞片披针形,中部以上密被柔毛,具缘毛;内层总苞片条形,中部以上密被柔毛,中部以上具缘毛(图1:G-I、L-N).
2.4 浙江产紫菀属分种(变种)检索表
*仙白草和陀螺紫菀区别十分明显,足可以将它作为独立的种处理.为了不再增加新的组合名称,在此仍作为陀螺紫菀的变种.**三脉紫菀变异极大,FloraofChina中报道有11个变种,但彼此间存在许多过渡类型,在野外采集和鉴定难以把握,在此不予区分.
A~D:仙居紫菀; E~I:匙叶紫菀; J~N:琴叶紫菀. A, E, J:茎干毛被; B, F, K:叶背毛被; C, J, L:外层总苞片;D, I, N:内层总苞片; H, M:中间层总苞片. 比例尺=1 mm.图1 仙居紫菀、匙叶紫菀和琴叶紫菀叶背、茎干和总苞片毛被Fig. 1 Indumentum of leaf abaxial surface, stem and involucre of Aster xianjuensis,A. spathulifolius and A. panduratus
2.5 仙居紫菀 新种(图2)
Aster xianjuensis Y. F. Lu, W. Y. Xie & X. F. Jin, sp. nov. (Fig 2)
Haec speciesA.spathulifolioMaxim. etA.panduratoNees. ex Walp. affinis, ab illa foliis subtus subglabris, foliis caulibus basi in longi-periolos attenuatis, phyllariis extus dense glandulosis recedit; ab haec foliis caulibus basi cuneatis, in longi-petiolos attenuatis, phyllariis biseriatis, extus dense glandulosis et sparse pilosis differt.
Type: China, Zhejiang (浙江), Xianju (仙居), Shenxianju (神仙居), alt. 900 m, 22 Jul. 2016,X.F.Jin(金孝锋) 3829 (holotype, HTC!; isotype, HTC!).
A,B植株; C茎; D,E外层总苞; F,G内层总苞; H舌状花; I管状花; J瘦果.图2 仙居紫菀Fig. 2 Aster xianjuensis
多年生草本,根状茎粗壮.茎直立,高达80 cm,具纵棱,被开展的多节柔毛,全部或上部具腺毛,不分枝或自中部以上有上升的分枝.基生叶莲座状,叶片匙形、椭圆形或椭圆状披针形,长1.5~5 cm,宽0.7~1.3 cm,下部渐狭成具翅的柄,边缘具2~5对小尖头状齿,稀近全缘,顶端圆形,常具小尖头;茎下部叶在花期枯落或存在,叶片匙形、长卵形、椭圆形或长圆形,长5.5~9 cm,宽1.5~3 cm,下部渐狭成宽翅,半抱茎,边缘具2~5对小尖头状齿,顶端圆形,具小尖头;茎中部叶长卵形或卵状椭圆形,长1~3.5 cm,宽3~8 mm,基部下延成具宽翅的短叶柄,耳状,半抱茎,边缘具2~4对小尖头状齿,顶端圆形,具小尖头;着头状花序分枝上的叶片条形或披针形,长1~1.5 cm,宽1.5~3 mm,全缘,无柄;全部叶上面疏被多节柔毛,下面中脉疏被多节柔毛外余近无毛,具缘毛,中脉及侧脉在下面凸起.头状花序径1.5~2.5 cm,1~4个伞房状排列于分枝顶端.总苞半球状,直径0.6~1.2 cm,长2~5 mm;总苞片草质,2层,稀3层,覆瓦状排列,外层常短于内层,外层的狭卵形或卵状披针形,长2~3 mm,宽约1 mm,先端尖,背面中间绿色,被腺毛,具缘毛,内层的倒卵状披针形或倒长卵形,长4~5.5 mm,宽约1 mm,先端圆钝,背面中间绿色,中部以上被腺毛,具缘毛.舌状花15~25个,管部长约2 mm,舌片白色、淡紫色或浅蓝紫色,长0.8~1 cm,宽约1.5 mm.管状花黄色,长4~5 mm,管部长2.5~3 mm,裂片长约1.5 mm.冠毛污白色或淡褐色,1层,长3~4 mm.瘦果倒长卵球形,栗褐色,长约3 mm,稍扁,密被白色短柔毛.花果期6~9月.
本种接近匙叶紫菀A.spathulifoliusMaxim.和琴叶紫菀A.panduratusNees ex Walp.,与前者的区别在于叶片背面近无毛,茎生叶基部渐狭成长柄,总苞片外面密被腺毛;与后者的区别在茎生叶基部楔形且渐狭成长柄,总苞片2层,外面密被腺毛和疏柔毛.
Paratype: China, Zhejiang (浙江), Xianju (仙居), Shenxianju (神仙居), alt. 800 m, 21 Jul. 2016,X.F.Jin(金孝锋) 3822 (HTC).
致谢 承蒙浙江大学生命科学学院郑朝宗教授给予诸多指导和帮助,特此致谢!
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AsterXianjuensis(Asteraceae, Astereae), a New Species from Zhejiang
LU Yifei1, XIE Wenyuan2, CHEN Jianmin1, MA Dandan3, JIN Xiaofeng2
(1. College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; 2. Forest ResourcesMonitoring Center of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310020, China; 3. Jiyang College, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Zhuji 311800, China)
Asterxianjuensis, a new species of Astereae within the family Asteraceae from Xianju County, is described with illustrations. This new species is similar toA.spathulifoliusandA.panduratus, but differs from the former in having leaves nearly glabrous abaxially, caulin leaves base cuneate and attenuate into a long petiole, involucres densely glandulose on outer surfaces. It differs from the latter in having caulin leaves base cuneate and attenuate into a long petiole, involucres 2-seris, outer surfaces densely glandulose and sparsely pilose. Observations of the indumentum of leaf abaxial surfaces, stems and involucres under SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) showed conspicuously different among the new species,A.spathulifoliusandA.panduratusas well. A key to all taxa ofAsterfrom Zhejiang is provided for identification.
Asterxianjuensis; Astereae; Asteraceae; Zhejiang; new species
2016-09-20
浙江省野生植物资源调查、建档、编纂及《浙江植物志》(第二版)编著项目(335010-2015-0005).
金孝锋(1978—), 男, 教授, 博士, 主要从事植物分类与系统进化研究. E-mail: docxfjin@163.com
10.3969/j.issn.1674-232X.2017.01.001
Q949
A
1674-232X(2017)01-0001-05