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高频考点点拨
文/李建高
【点拨】look up用作“(在词典、参考书中或通过电脑)查阅”之意讲时,后面可以直接跟宾语。当宾语是名词时,名词既可以放在look up之后,也可以放在look和up之间;当宾语是代词时,代词必须放在look和up之间。如:
1)You can look it up in the index.你可以在索引中查找它。
2)You’d better look her number up in the telephone directory.你最好在电话薄里查查她的电话号码。
【拓展】look up作“抬头看”时,后面不能跟宾语。如:
Look up,and you will find a monkey in the tree.抬头看,树上有一只猴子。
例1(2016年南宁卷)—What’s the meaning of“secretary”?
—Let methe word in the dictionary.
A.look atB.look forC.look afterD.look up
【点拨】warn为动词,意为“警告;提醒”,常见搭配有:warn sb.of/about sth.“警告或提醒某人注意某事”;warn sb.(not)to do sth.“告诫或提醒某人(不要)做某事”;warn sb.against(doing)sth.“告诫某人当心某事(不要做某事)”。如:
1)Tom has warned her of/about the dangers of smoking.汤姆已经提醒了她吸烟的危害。
2)My parents often warn me not to swim alone in the river.我父母经常告诫我不要独自在河里游泳。
3)The policeman warned him against crossing the road at that place.警察提醒他不要在那个地方横穿马路。
例2(2015年青岛卷)The traffic signs warn peopleafter drinking.
A.to driveB.not to driveC.drivingD.don’t drive
【点拨】what,which,who,how,where,when等疑问词和动词不定式连用,可以在句中充当主语、表语或宾语。在充当宾语时,该结构可以转换为与其意思相同的宾语从句。如:
1)When to start out is a problem.什么时候出发是个问题。(作主语)
2)The question is what to do next.问题是接下来做什么。(作表语)
3)Could you teach me how to cook fried rice?=Could you teach me how I can cook fried rice?你能告诉我怎样做炒饭吗?(作宾语)
例3(2016年成都卷)—I’ll have a ten-day holiday.But I don’t know.
—How about Paris?
A.what to doB.where to goC.when to go
【点拨】used to意为“过去常常”,后接动词原形,没有时态、人称和数的变化。如:
He used to go to work on foot,but he drives now.过去他经常步行上班,但现在开车去。
【拓展】be used to意为“习惯于……”,to为介词,其后要接名词、代词或v-ing形式。get used to与be used to表示的意思基本相同,只是前者强调由“不习惯”到“习惯”这一动态过程,后者强调状态,表示已经习惯了某事。如:
1)My father is used to driving in all kinds of weather.我父亲习惯了在各种天气里开车。
2)I finally got used to the weather in London.最终,我习惯了伦敦的天气。
例4(2016年齐齐哈尔卷)After dinner,he used tocomputer games,but now he is used to.
A.play;walkB.playing;walkingC.play;walking
【点拨】not only A but(also)B意为“不但A而且B”,常用来连接两个相同的语法成分,其中also可以省略。该结构做主语时,谓语动词要与B在人称和数上保持一致。如:
1)Shakespeare was not only a writer,but(also)an actor.莎士比亚不仅是一个作家,而且是一个演员。
2)Not only he but(also)I am interested in hiking.他和我都对徒步旅行感兴趣。
【拓展】not only A but(also)B可以和A as well as B互相转换,区别在于:not only A but (also)B强调的是B,而A as well as B强调的是A,所以它们连接两个并列主语时,前者的谓语动词由B决定,而后者的谓语动词由A决定。如:
Not only he but(also)his parents like watching sports programs.=His parents as well as he like watching sports programs.不但他而且他的父母都喜欢看体育节目。
例5(2016年连云港卷)—What film do you like best?
—The Martian.Itshows a lot of imagination,has a sense of humor.
A.too;toB.neither;norC.either;orD.not only;but also
Key:1~5 DBBCD