左云
There be 结构在新课程标准中定义在六个简单句的基本句型之一。在英语中表示某个地方或时间存在某物,就要用There be 句型。其中there是引导词,本身无词义,be是谓语动词,而主语就在be后面。其基本结构是“There be +主语(人/物)+地点/时间(介词短语或副词)”
如There is a post office near here .附近有一个邮局。
There is a red car parking here at this time of day . 每天的这个时候就有一辆红色轿车停在这儿。
Watch out ! _________ is a little boy playing ahead on the road . 【2016江苏盐城中考】
A. It B. This C. That D. There
(答案:D)
在中考命题中,除对这一句型的意义进行考核外,还有以下的考点:
考点一:玩转there be 的变身转化
也即是弄明白there be 句型的各种句型转化
(一)改成否定句:直接在be后加上not或no即可。
如:
There are some pictures on the wall.
→There aren't any pictures on the wall. =There are no pictures on the wall.
There is a bike behind the tree.
→ There isn't a bike behind the tree. =There is no bike behind the tree.
延展:肯定句中出现some或some的不定代词改成否定句或者疑问句时要改成any或any的不定代词,出现and要改为or。
not和no的不同:not是副词,no为形容词,not a/an/any + n. 相当于no+ n.。
(二)变成一般疑问句:把be动词提到句首,句末句号改成问号即可。回答用Yes, there is/are. 或No, there isnt/arent.
如:There is some water on Mars. 变一般疑问句→ Is there any water on Mars?
There are some fish in the water. 变一般疑问句→Are there any fish in the water?
---Is there a watermelon on the table ? 【2016四川南充中考】
---______________
A. Yes , there is . B. Yes , it is C. No , there is . D. No, it isnt
(答案:A)
---Are there any children near the door?门边有些孩子吗?
---Yes, there are. 是的,有。 或 —No, there arent. 不是,没有。
(三)改成特殊疑问句:必须了解是对there be 结构中什么内容进行提问,懂得用哪个词去发问。
1. 对主语提问:当主语是人的时候,则用who 引导问句,
当主语是物的时候,则用what 引导问句。
注意:无论原句的主语是单数还是复数,对之提问时一般都用be的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。
如:There are many things over there. 就划线部分提问→What is over there?
There is a little girl in the room. 就划线部分提问→Who is in the room?
2. 对地点状语提问:则用where 引导问句。
如:There is a computer on the desk. 就划线部分提问→ Where is the computer?
There are four children on the playground. 就划线部分提问→Where are the four children?
3. 对数量提问:一般有两种句型结构,意义都是询问“某处有多少的人或物?”
How many+复数名词+are there+介词短语?
How much+不可数名词+is there+介词短语?
如:How much milk is there in the bottle? 瓶子里有多少牛奶?
How many students are there in your class? 你们班有多少学生?
考点二:区分there be 与have
There be句型与have(has)均表示“有”,但There be句型强调“某处有某人/某物”,着重“存在”的状态;have则强调“某人有某物”,着重“拥有”。
如:He has two sons. 他有两个儿子。
There are two men in the office. 办公室里有两个男人。
但表示“包括”、“存在”的含义是指部分与整体的关系时,have与There be 句型可互换。
如: A week has seven days. =There are seven days in a week. 一个星期有七天。
There is a swimming pool in the school .= The school has a swimming pool .这间学校有个游泳池。
There are three children in my family.我家有三个孩子。
同意于:
I have three children. 我有三个孩子。
考点三:be的职责
(一)be要表现主谓一致性。
There be 结构中的be动词要和其后所跟名词的数保持一致,遵循就近原则。
如: There________ two sofas and a table in her room. 【2016贵州黔西南中考】
A. have B. is C. are D. was
(答案:C)
若这题目是There________ a table and two sofas in her room.
那答案就要选B了。
There are so many_________ in the pool . And here is some________ for you to keep them . 【2016重庆71中一模】
A. fish ; suggestion B. fishes ; advices
C. fish ; advice D. fishes ; suggestions
(答案:C)
There _________ a number of books in the library and the number of them ________increasing . 【2016山东烟台中考】
A. has ; is B. have ; are C. are ; is D. is ; are
(答案:C)
(二)be的时间性。
也即是指there be 结构表现时态时,均由be的变化来体现。可见下表。
如:---Theres going to ________an English evening tonight . Would you like to go with us ?
---Id love to . 【2013贵州铜仁中考】-
A. have B. has C. is D. be
(答案:D)
---There_________ an exciting soccer game on TV last night , but I missed it .
---Oh , what a pity ! 【2016辽宁丹东中考】
A. is B. was C. has D. had
(答案:B)
The weather forecast says that_________ another storm tomorrow .
A. there will have B. there will be C. there has D. there has been
(答案:B)
(三)be的替身词
there be 句型中的谓语动词be被一些不及物动词代替,如 live,stand,lie,come等,用来表示各种存在的不同形式。在初中阶段这样的句子常在阅读素材中出现。
如:Once upon a time, there lived an old man in the house. 从前,这房里住着个老人。
There lies a small village in the mountain.山里有个小村子。
There comes a new day. 新的一天开始了。
There stands a tall tower in the center of the square . 在广场中央竖立着一座高塔。
(四)be与情态动词搭档表达推测语气。
此时there be 就变身为结构“there +情态动词+be+其它”来传达如“推测、预见、可能、必然" 的存在
如:There may be a coin in that box. 那只盒子里或许有个硬币。
There cant be anyone in the house .there is no light through the windows .
这屋子里不可能有人,透过窗户没有一点光线。
There might be some desserts if you wait a bit. 如果你等一会儿,可能会有甜点。
We hope there will be no more wars. 我们希望再也不会打仗了。
There must be something wrong with the washing machine.It cant work well.这洗衣机一定有问题,它不能正常运作了。
There _________ a girl singing next door . Cant you hear her beautiful voice ? 【2016杭州西湖区一模】
A. must be B. must have C. cant be D. cant have
(答案:A)
---We can see some wild animals in the forest , right ? 【2016江苏南通中考】
---Its hard to say ,. There ________ be only a few left .
A. may B. must C. need D. should
(答案:A)
(五)be与表状态的词牵手使意义丰富
在初中的阅读素材中你会见到如seem , happen的状态词与there be 组成“there seems to be 似乎有…”或“there happens to be 碰巧有…”
如:There doesnt seem to be much hope of our beating that team . 我们打败那个队好像没希望。
There happened to be nobody around . 碰巧周围没有人。
考点四:反意疑问句
这一句型的反意疑问句必须用there 进行反问。但要注意在there be句型中有没有no , nothing , nobody , few , little , hardly ,seldom 等否定词或半否定词,有的话,陈述部分就应看作否定句,而简短句用肯定式。而陈述部分有表示否定意义前缀的单词,那仍被看作肯定意义。简短句要用否定式。
如:---There is a beautiful park near your school , ___________?
---Yes , I often go walking there . 【2016江苏宿迁中考】
A. is there B. isnt there C. are there D. arent there
(答案:B)
There is a little meat in the fridge , is there ?
There was an unusual car under the tree , wasnt there ?
There wont be a fashion show this weekend , will there ?
There usednt to be a school at the foot of the hill ,used there ?/ did there?
There happened to be a policeman standing at the corner of the street , didnt there ?
考点五:主语与实意动词的关系
(一)在there be 结构中,主语的后面常有实意动词进行状态说明补充。
当主语是这一实意动词动作的发出者时,结构为“there be +主语+. doing sth.”
如:---There are some boys ______ basketball over there. 【2016湖北恩施州中考】
---Let's go and join them.
A. are playing B. playing C. to play
(答案:B)
(翻译填空)瞧, 有一些女孩在树下跳舞。【2016福州市中考】
Look! There ________ some girls __________ under the tree .
(答案:are ; dancing )
(二)而主语是这一实意动词动作的接受者时,结构为“there be +主语+. Done.”
如:There are lots of coins saved in the piggy bank . 这存钱罐里存着许多硬币。
There are five minutes left now .现在只有5分钟了。
(三)有时主语为事物,事情,而实意动词也可用动词不定式形式,实现主动形式表被动意义。
如:There is a lot of work to do . 有许多工作要做。
There is nothing to do . 无事可做。
There is no moment to lose . 刻不容缓。
考点六:习惯用语
(一)There is something wrong with … 某物出毛病了,有问题了。
如:---Whats the matter , Jenny ? 【2016湖北武汉中考】
---_____________ something wrong with my bike
A. It is B. There is C. I have D. It has
(答案:B)
Drive slowly , Mary .__________ is something ahead on the road . 【2016安徽中考】
A. It B. This C. That D. There
(答案:D)
(二)There is no need to do sth. 没必要做…
如: There is no need to worry. 没必要担心。
There is no need to be in a hurry . 没必要着急。
(三)There is no doubt that … 毫无疑问的是…
如: There is no doubt that he is not telling the truth . 毫无疑问的,他说的并非事实。
There is no doubt that your parents love you so much . 你的父母很爱你,这是毫无疑问的。
在新课标中,要求初中阶段的学生了解这一语言形式的基本结构和表意功能,注意其规律并举一反三,整理归纳。能通实际运用去体会和掌握这一知识。甚至在使用中能意识到错误并能对其进行适当的纠正。在此,我将there be 结构的知识进行归纳总结并延展。望能帮助进入复习阶段的中考生们些帮助。