中胚层同源盒基因1在急性心肌梗死大鼠心脏微血管内皮的表达变化

2017-01-10 11:41沈俊袁平唐俊明张蕾赵继先张焕鑫薛仕珍冯怡王家宁
中国心血管病研究 2017年8期
关键词:同源微血管免疫组化

沈俊 袁平 唐俊明 张蕾 赵继先 张焕鑫 薛仕珍 冯怡 王家宁

基础研究

中胚层同源盒基因1在急性心肌梗死大鼠心脏微血管内皮的表达变化

沈俊 袁平 唐俊明 张蕾 赵继先 张焕鑫 薛仕珍 冯怡 王家宁

目的 研究中胚层同源盒基因1(Meox1)在急性心肌梗死大鼠心脏微血管内皮的表达情况。方法 成年雄性SD大鼠20只随机分成急性心肌梗死组和假手术组,各10只。采用结扎左冠状动脉前降支结扎法构建急性心肌梗死模型,假手术组仅在左冠状动脉前降支穿线不结扎。建模后将急性心肌梗死组作为实验组,假手术组作为对照组。建模后第7天处死两组大鼠,进行免疫组化染色,分析急性心肌梗死后心脏微血管上Meox1的表达情况。结果 通过免疫组化分析发现,在心肌梗死区及梗死边缘区微血管内皮可见棕黄色颗粒沉积,提示有Meox1表达;在假手术组及梗死远离区微血管内皮上未见Meox1的表达。结论 在急性心肌梗死大鼠心脏微血管内皮上Meox1表达增多,推测其可能参与心肌梗死后的血管重塑。

心肌梗死; 同源盒基因Meox1; 表达

心肌梗死后心肌纤维化的发生,导致心脏房室结构改变,引起心肌病理性重构,最终引起心功能衰竭甚至患者死亡[1-4],因此,遏制心肌梗死后心肌纤维化的发生就显得尤为重要。尽管目前有许多方法试图从不同角度来解决这一难题,然而临床效果均不理想[5-7]。近年来基于基因和干细胞手段防治心血管疾病效果显著,因此,寻求有效基因治疗靶点非常必要[8-10]。前期研究表明,中胚层同源盒基因1(Meox1)是控制发育的主要基因,参与心血管系统的发育及心血管疾病的发生[11,12]。本研究通过制备心肌梗死模型,利用免疫组化观察心肌梗死后Meox1的表达情况。

1 材料与方法

1.1 实验动物、主要材料与仪器 SPF级雄性SD大鼠20只,体重200~230 g,由湖北医药学院实验动物中心[SCXK(鄂)2011-0008]提供。饲养于屏障设施[SYXK(鄂)2011-0031]。显微手术器械购于美国Fine science公司,6-0无菌医用非吸收性缝合线、无损伤缝合针购于杭州富阳医用缝合针线厂。RM2245型病理切片机、H11220型烘片机、H11210型摊片机购于德国Leica公司,BX-51型光学显微镜购于日本Nikon公司。Meox1多克隆抗体购于美国abcom公司,DAB显色试剂盒购于武汉博士德公司。1.2 方法

1.2.1 心肌梗死动物模型的构建 将20只大鼠随机分为2组:心肌梗死组10只,假手术组10只。心肌梗死模型按照Kumar等[13]的改进方法,采用配制的10%水合氯醛(300 mg/kg)对大鼠进行腹腔注射麻醉,气管插管接小动物专用呼吸机辅助通气。在胸骨左缘3~4肋间开胸,钝性分离皮下组织及肌层,显露心脏,在心脏收缩瞬间迅速将心脏挤出,用6-0号非吸收无损伤缝合线结扎冠状动脉前降支,当结扎部位以下心肌颜色变白、心电图显示相应ST段弓背抬高,表示造模成功。回纳心脏并缝合胸壁。假手术组手术过程同心肌梗死组,但仅在左冠状动脉前降支穿线,不做结扎。术后3 d大鼠肌肉注射青霉素以防感染。建模成功后7 d,麻醉并处死大鼠,取心室肌置于4%多聚甲醛固定过夜,常规脱水、透明、浸蜡、包埋等处理。切厚度为5μm组织切片,并编号。

1.2.2 免疫组化分析 切片常规脱蜡、水化后微波修复抗原,3%H2O2孵育,10%马血清封闭。一抗使用Meox1兔多克隆抗体(1∶100),二抗使用鼠抗兔多克隆抗体(1∶100),按照ABC试剂盒进行DAB染色(现配现用),苏木精染色,盐酸-酒精分化,肥皂水返蓝,乙醇脱水,二甲苯透明,中性树脂封片。

2 结果

Meox1在心脏微血管内皮表达情况 假手术组(图1D)及梗死远离区(图1C)微血管内皮未见Meox1的表达;梗死边缘区(图1A)及梗死区(图1B)微血管内皮可见Mexo1表达,其动态变化可能在心肌梗死后血管重构中起作用。

3 讨论

急性心肌梗死后多半有慢性心功能不全,严重影响生存质量。如何有效防止心肌梗死后心肌纤维化,预防心室重构,迫在眉睫。目前研究表明,心肌梗死后心肌纤维化发生与RAAS系统异常激活、细胞外基质异常沉积、各种转录生长因子及基因激活相关。

同源盒基因(homeobox gene)最初在果蝇中发现,是控制发育的主要基因,对动物的胚胎发育和细胞生长、分化的调控起关键作用[14]。同源盒蛋白在中胚层和间充质的大范围内广泛表达[15]。所编码的蛋白质可能在调节体节发育的分子信号网络中发挥作用[16,17];在内皮细胞Meox激活CDKN1A和CDKN2A的表达,调节血管细胞增殖。虽然它以DNA依赖的方式激活CDKN1A,但却以DNA非依赖的方式激活CDKN2A[18]。Meox家族共有两个成员,包括 Meox1(mesoderm/mesenchyme homeobox gene1)和 Meox2(mesoderm/mesenchyme homeobox gene 2)[19]。近年来,Meox2在心血管领域研究比较多,然而有关Meox1在心血管系统的作用知之甚少。王书美等[20]通过转基因小鼠,发现心脏Meox1过表达引起扩张型心肌病。Gianakopoulos等通过P19胚胎癌细胞建立Meox1过表达的细胞系,研究发现Meox1可诱导心脏的形态发生变化[21]。

本研究结果表明,大鼠急性心肌梗死后,在梗死区及梗死边缘区微血管内皮中可见Meox1表达,而远离区及正常微血管内皮未见其表达。我们据此推测:在大鼠急性心肌梗死后,梗死区及梗死边缘区缺血缺氧,诱导Meox1表达增多,提示其参与心肌梗死后的血管重构,然而具体机制有待深入研究,以期为临床提供新的治疗靶点。

(本文图片见后插二)

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Expression of mesodermal homobox gene 1 in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells in rats with acute myocardial infarction

SHEN Jun*,YUAN Ping,TANG Jun-ming,et al.*Department of Cardiology,Renmin Hospital,Hubei University of Medicine,Shiyan 442000,China Corresponding author:WANG Jia-ning,E-mail:rywjn@vip.163.com

Objective To study the expression of mesoderm homebox gene 1(Meox1)in the microvascular endothelium of acute myocardial infarction rats.MethodsTwenty adult male SD rats were randomly divided into acute myocardial infarction group and sham operation group.The model of acute myocardial infarction was established by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery.The sham operation group was not ligated only in the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery.The acute myocardial infarction group was used as the experimental group and the sham operation group as the control group.Two groups of rats were sacrificed on the 7th day after modeling.Immunohistochemical staining was performed to analyze the expression of Meox1 on the cardiac microvessels after acute myocardial infarction.ResultsThe expression of Meox1 was observed by immunohistochemical analysis in the microvascular endothelium in the infarcted and infarcted areas,suggesting that Meox1 expression was not found in the sham operation group and the infarcted lesion.ConclusionThe expression of Meox1 in the heart of patients with acute myocardial infarction increased,suggesting that it may be involved in vascular remodeling after myocardial infarction.

Myocardial infarction; Mesoderm homebox gene 1; Expression

10.3969/j.issn.1672-5301.2017.08.023

Q95-33;R542.2+2

A

1672-5301(2017)08-0757-03

2017-02-16)

国家自然科学基金(项目编号:81270221)

442000 湖北省十堰市,湖北医药学院附属人民医院心内科1病区(沈俊、袁平、赵继先、张焕鑫、薛仕珍、冯怡、王家宁),临床医学研究所(沈俊、唐俊明、张蕾、王家宁)

王家宁,E-mail:rywjn@vip.163.com

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