短文改错中代词的12种考法

甄红

代词包括人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词、指示代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词等，但连接代词和关系代词可放到从句中考虑，疑问代词在短文改错中尚末涉及到，实际只考查了前面5类代词，具体涉及12个方面，即12个微考点。

考点1：前后人称不一致

人称代词：

（2008年课标卷）...wed like to invite you to the exhibition. We would be grateful if you could join them that day.

解析：应指“加入到我们当中”才与上文的we一致，故改them为us。

物主代词：

（2016年Ⅰ卷） My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in a short period of time. Instead， he hopes that our business will grow steadily.

解析：根据主语he和上下文可知，指“他的”生意，用形容词性物主代词his，故改our为his。

反身代词：

（2016年Ⅲ卷）I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself.

解析：由句子的主语是I可知，是指由“我自己（myself）”作决定，故改yourself为myself。

考点2：前后单复数不一致

人称代词：

（2012年课标卷） I was happy when the toys worked， but when things went wrong， I got angry and broke it.

解析：指代前句中的the toys，是复数，应用them作broke的宾语，故改it为them。

（2014年大纲卷）Otherwise， it is impossible for him to help each other and to make their friendship last long.

解析：由help each other和后面的their可知，要用复数，故改him为them。

（2011年大纲I卷）Nang is a special kind of cake in Xinjiang. I like them very much.

解析：替代前句中的a specially kind of cake，是单数，故改them为it。

物主代词：

（2009年大纲I卷）The factory at the corner of Friendship Street and Zhongshan Road has been moved out of the city， and a sports center has been built in their place.

解析：指原来“那家工厂所在的”地方，单数，故改their为its。

考点3：前后性别不一致

人称代词：

（2010年大纲II卷）Before her leaving， I prepared a gift to show my best wishes to him. She said...

解析：由上下文中的she可知朋友是女的，这里突然变成男的了，前后性别不一致，应改him为her。

物主代词：

（2009年大纲II卷）A little girl was hurt and his mother needed help.

解析：应是指前面提到的“那个女孩的”妈妈，故改his为her。

考点4：代词的漏用

人称代词：

（2016年Ⅲ卷）At last， I will be on my own， but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help.

解析：根据句子结构，whenever引导状语从句，从句中缺主语，应填代词；再根据句子意思，表示“我”需要帮助的时候，故在need前加I。

物主代词：

（2015年II卷） 5. One day， little Tony went to a shopping center with his parents...he turned around and found that his parents were missing...Five minutes later， Tony saw parents.

解析：意思是Tony见到了“他的”父母，故在saw后面加his。上文也有明显提示。

考点5：人称代词“格”的误用

也就是人称代词主语与宾语的误用。

（2007课标）Three years ago， Li Mings parents invited I to spend two wonderful weeks in Qingdao with them during the summer holiday.

解析：作invited的宾语，要用人称代词的宾格，故改I为me。

考点6：物主代词“性”的误用

也就是名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词的误用。

（2009年课标卷）Im going to attend mine first lesson this afternoon， so Ive got some preparations to make. Keep in touch.

解析：在名词前作定语要用形容词性物主代词，指“我的（my）”第一堂课，故改mine为my。

考点7：人称代词与物主代词的误用

（2007年大纲I卷）I was only about six when he held his hand out to me. I took it in me and we walked.

解析：意思是将他的手放到“我的手（my hand）”里，相当于my hand，应用mine，故将in后的me改为mine。

考点8：反身代词与人称代词宾格作宾语的区别

（2013年I卷）He had a deep voice， which set himself apart from others...

解析：因做宾语的反身代词应与主语是指同一人或物，而此句为定语从句，其主语不是he，而是代表the deep voice的which，所以不能用himself，要改为him。意为：这种声音使“他”与别人分离，故改himself为 him。

考点9：such与so的误用

2. （2016年Ⅲ卷）At first， I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself. However， my parents didnt seem to think such.

解析：指代上文中think的宾语从句，用so，表示“这样”，故改 such为so。

考点10：many与much的误用

（2016年Ⅱ卷）It does not cost many， yet we can still learn a lot.

解析：意思是“不会花费许多（钱）“，指代不可数名词“钱（money）”，用代词much，不用many，故改many为much。

考点11：anything与everything的误用

（2009年课标卷）Im glad to say that anything has worked out fine in the dorm.

解析：因anything常用于否定句或疑问句中，这里不合适；作者是想说，很高兴告诉你，“一切（everything）”都很好，故改anything为everything。

考点12：this， that与it的误用

（2008年课标卷）We are organizing an art exhibition for high school students in the city. This will be held on the 9th of July in the Exhibition Hall of Beihai.

解析：指上句提到的“艺展”，即指代The art exhibition 用It，故改This为It。

尽管自2007年以来的全国卷只涉及以上12个考点，但以前没有考查到的并不代表以后也不会考，因此，除重点复习和关注以上12个考点外，要按考纲所列语法项目进行全面复习，才会在考试中左右逢源，游刃有余。

责任编辑 蒋小青