胡发高
冠词虽是“小不点”,但我们在每年的中考英语试题中都能见到它的“身影”。不定冠词a和an的辨异、定冠词the及零冠词的基本用法和习惯搭配等,是近年来中考英语试题中的考查热点。这里教你三个如何选择a、an、the及零冠词的“招数”。
[第一招 根据读音辨a和an]
a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前,an用于以元音音素开头的单词前,这是辨别a、an的基本原则。易错点在于:绝大部分元音字母都发元音,但也有少数例外,例如university, useful等,它们的读音却是以辅音音素开头,因此前面的冠词用a而不是用an。另外,有些单词的第一个字母不发音,例如Europe读作[jur?p],European读作[ju?r?pi??n],第一个字母E均不发音,因此前面的冠词也都用a而不是用an。又如hour读作[au?],honest读作[?n?st],第一个字母h均不发音,因此前面的冠词要用an而不是a。我们可以这样记:
[辨别用a与用an,不看字母看读音;
辅音音素要用a, 元音音素要用an。\&]
【中考真题】
1. (2016年济宁卷) ____ apple a day keeps the doctor away.
A. A B. An
C. The D. /
2. (2016年青岛卷) David is ____ eight-year-old boy with short black hair.
A. / B. a
C. an D. the
3. (2016年成都卷) To be ____ good dancer, you need to learn more.
A. the B. a
C. an
4. (2016年达州卷) —Look! Whos ____ girl under the tree?
—Oh, she is my sister, Kate. She is ____ honest girl.
A. the; an B. a; the
C. the; a D. an; the
5. (2016年无锡卷) Tom wants to study at ____ university in Europe, but hasnt decided which one to go to yet.
A. an B. a
C. the D. /
【解析】
1. B。apple的读音以元音音素[?]开头,因此应选择An。
2. C。eight-year-old的读音以元音音素[e?]开头,因此应选择an。
3. B。good的读音以辅音音素[]开头,因此应选择a。
4. A。第一空特指“在树下的那个女孩”,要用the;第二空后honest的首字母h不发音,其读音以元音音素[?]开头,因此要用an。
5. B。university的读音以辅音音素[ju?]开头,因此应选择a。
[第二招 特指人、物要选the]
表示特指某(些)人或某(些)事物要用定冠词the。特指主要有以下几种体现形式:(1)该名词后有短语或从句做定语;(2)该名词前有形容词最高级或表示顺序的序数词;(3)该名词是双方都知道的或上文已提到过的人或物;(4)该名词表示的是世界上独一无二的事物。
【中考真题】
1. (2016年河南卷) —Kate, are you ____ only child in your family?
—Yes, but ____ new baby is on the way.
A. a; the B. an; the
C. the; a D. the; the
2. (2016年连云港卷) —Dong Guijun is ____ first man of Lianyungang to reach the top of Mount Qomolangma.
—He is ____ pride of us.
A. the; / B. a; the
C. the; the D. a; /
3. (2016年威海卷) —Would you please turn off ____ TV?
—OK, just a minute.
A. a B. an
C. the
4. (2016年广安卷) Lucy is ____ shy girl, but she is good at playing ____ piano.
A. an; the B. a; the
C. a; / D. an; /
5. (2016年绵阳卷) Jason likes ____ shape of the cake. It is ____ heart.
A. the; a B. a; the
C. the; the D. a; a
【解析】
1. C。第一空中,only的意思是“唯一的”,与the连用表示特指;第二空所在句意为“一个宝宝即将出生”。
2. C。第一空后的first是序数词,与the连用;第二空中的pride表示“我们的骄傲”,属于特指,要与定冠词连用。
3. C。对方说的TV指的是双方都知道的那台电视机,前面要用the。
4. B。第一空后的shy的读音以辅音音素[?]开头,要选择a表示“一个腼腆的女孩”;第二空中的piano(钢琴)属于乐器类名词,要与the连用。
5. A。第一空后的shape属特指,即“这个蛋糕的形状”,要与the连用;第二空后的heart属于泛指,即“它是一个心形”,要用a。
[第三招 依据搭配辨冠词]
英语固定短语中,有的含有不定冠词a、an,有的含有定冠词the,有的则是什么冠词也没用。解题时,我们可以把短语反复默读几遍,然后凭语感敲定答案。由于我们平时多次背诵和使用过这些短语,这种凭语感敲定答案的方法很有效。
(一)含不定冠词a、an的固定搭配有:
[have a walk; have an idea; have a fever; have a headache; have a good time; go for a walk; make a living; in a hurry; in a word; once upon a time; take a seat; have a look; ride a bike; a little; a few; a piece / cup of\&]
(二)含定冠词the的固定搭配有:
[in the morning / afternoon / evening; in the middle of; on the other hand; at the same time; by the way; in the open air; at the age of; in the end; at the moment; at the beginning of; look the same; play the piano / violin\&]
(三)不含任何冠词的固定搭配有:
[in fact; at first; at last; at work; at home; for breakfast / lunch / supper; in time; on time; for example; on holiday; in danger; go to bed; on duty; after school; by bus / bike / plane / ship; by mistake; by hand; at table; on earth; in hospital, have fun; play basketball / football / chess / cards \&]
【中考真题】
1. (2016年南充卷) She usually has ____ egg and some porridge for ____ breakfast.
A. an; the B. an; /
C. a; the D. a; /
2. (2016年菏泽卷) —Did you have ____ good time yesterday?
—Yeah, I really had ____ fun at the party!
A. a; / B. a; the
C. /; the
3. (2016年泰安卷) I usually ride ____ bike to school. But this morning, I went to school by ____ bus.
A. a; the B. the; a
C. /; a D. a; /
4. (2016年巴中卷) Mike is ____ boy. He often plays ____ basketball.
A. a; / B. an; the
C. an; /
5. (2016年攀枝花卷) —You can take ____ subway to the museum.
—No, I will go there by ____ bike.
A. /; the B. the; /
C. the; the D. a; a
【解析】
1. B。第一空后的egg的读音以元音音素[e]开头,要选择an;for breakfast属于固定搭配,因此第二空不填冠词。
2. A。第一空中have a good time属于固定短语,意思是“过得愉快”;第二空中的have fun也属于固定短语,意思是“玩得开心”。
3. D。ride a bike属于固定短语,意思是“骑自行车”;第二空的by bus也属于固定短语,意思是“坐公交车”。
4. A。第一空后的boy的读音以辅音音素[b]开头,故用a;第二空后的play basketball属于固定搭配。
5. B。第一空后的subway指的是双方都知道的那条地铁线路,故用the;第二空中,与by连用表示交通方式的名词前不用冠词。
练一练:
从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入相应空白处的最佳选项。
1. Its not ____ good idea to drive for four hours without ____ break.
A. a; a B. a; the
C. the; a D. the; the
2. Cindy is ____ amazing singer. She has lots of fans.
A. a B. an
C. the D. /
3. As we know, England is ____ European country and Singapore is ____ Asian country.
A. an; an B. an; a
C. a; a D. a; an
4. —Do you know ____ man in blue?
—Yes, he is a professor of ____ university.
A. the; a B. a; an
C. the; an D. /; the
5. My best friend Neil is ____ honest boy. You can believe him.
A. a B. an
C. the D. /
6. What ____ good news! Our school band will play at Harbin Summer Concert in ____ August.
A. a; the B. the; an
C. /; an D. /; /
7. —Does your father go to work by ____ car every day?
—No, he sometimes takes ____ bus.
A. a; the B. the; a
C. /; a D. a; /
8. —Do you know ____ boy over there?
—Yes, he likes playing ____ basketball very much.
A. the; / B. a; the
C. a; / D. the; a
9. Mr. Smith is ____ old man and he usually walks his dog after ____ supper.
A. a; the B. an; a
C. an; / D. the; /
10. There is ____ “h” in the word “hour”, and ____ “u” in the word “useful”.
A. an; an B. an; a
C. a; an D. a; a
11. Our Chinese teacher told us ____ interesting story yesterday and ____ story was about Thomas Edison.
A. an; a B. the; the
C. a; the D. an; the
12. —Theres ____ ball on the playground. Would you please pass ____ ball to me?
—With pleasure.
A. /; the B. the; a
C. /; a D. a; the
13. —Is ____ magazine yours, Joe?
—No, I dont have ____ magazine.
A. a; a B. the; the
C. the; a D. a; the
14. It is such ____ wonderful science fiction movie that I want to see it ____ second time.
A. a; a B. a; the
C. /; the D. /; a
15. We usually go to ____ school on weekdays, and sometimes go to ____ cinema at weekends.
A. /; the B. the; the
C. the; / D. a; /
16. —What do you usually have for ____ lunch, Peter?
—A bowl of rice and some vegetables.
A. a B. an
C. the D. /
17. This novel can make you laugh and cry at ____ same time.
A. a B. an
C. the D. /
18. ____ Browns were having dinner when the telephone rang.
A. A B. The
C. An D. /
19. —Are you ____ English or American?
—English. We are working in Wuhan.
A. a B. /
C. the D. an
20. —Cindy, do you have ____ e-mail address? I want to send you some photos.
—Yes, I do. Its Cindy126@sohu.com.
A. a B. an
C. the D. /
21. Can I have ____ look at the photo of your pen pal?
A. a B. an
C. / D. the
22. Thank you so much. I really like ____ scarf you gave me yesterday. It looks very nice.
A. a B. the
C. / D. an
23. ____ amusement park you visited yesterday is kind of small, but its ____ interesting one.
A. The; the B. /; a
C. The; an D. An; the
24. —Have you seen ____ pen? I left one here this morning.
—Is it ____ black one? I think I saw it somewhere.
A. the; the B. a; a
C. the; a D. a; the
25. We can have ____ blue sky if we create ____ less polluted world.
A. a; a B. a; the
C. the; a D. the; the
26. Stay there and dont go anywhere. Ill pick you up in half ____ hour.
A. the B. a
C. an D. /
27. —What do you want to be in the future, Nick?
—I want to be ____ pilot. It is ____ interesting job.
A. a; a B. a; an
C. the; an D. a; the
28. Fathers Day is coming. Its on ____ third Sunday in June.
A. a B. an
C. the D. /
29. My mother drinks ____ cup of milk before going to ____ bed every night.
A. the; a B. the; /
C. a; / D. a; the
30. —Do you play ____ cards in your free time?
—No. I often play ____ soccer with my friends.
A. /; the B. /; /
C. the; the D. a; a