郭磊王军安晓伟
摘要:通过工程招投标形式选择合适的承包人是水利水电工程项目建设的关键,对工程建设计划的圆满实现起着决定性的作用。评标工作是整个招投标活动的核心,如何快速有效的选取最优投标人事关工程建设的成败,但是水利工程评标因素众多,且较难直接评价。对此,本文基于直觉模糊集理论,选取投标报价、施工组织及企业状况等指标,建立了指标属性矩阵和直觉模糊线性评价模型。该模型能够考虑评价对象各指标的隶属度、非隶属度和犹豫度,同时借助得分函数和TOPSIS法进行综合评价可快速求得投标单位投标优劣顺序,能够使评价结果更为合理。案例分析验证了该模型的有效性和实用性。
关键词:直觉模糊集;水利水电工程;招标投标;评标模型
中图分类号:TU72 文献标志码:A 文章编号:
16721683(2016)05018905
Bidding evaluation model of water conservancy and hydropower project based on theory of intuitionistic fuzzy set
GUO Lei1,WANG Jun1,AN Xiaowei2
(1.College of Water Conservancy,North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power,Zhengzhou 450045,China;2.China Business School,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100,China)
Abstract:Through the project bidding to choose right contractor is the key of water conservancy and hydropower project construction,and it plays a decisive role in the fulfillment of the project construction.Bid evaluation is the core of the whole bidding activity,how to quickly and efficiently select the best bidder determines the success of the project construction.Project bid evaluation refers to many factors,and it is difficult to evaluate directly.In this paper,based on the theory of intuitionistic fuzzy sets,selecting bid quotation,construction organization and enterprise conditions as evaluation factors,the index matrix and intuitionistic fuzzy linear evaluation model were established.This model could consider membership degree,nonmembership degree and hesitancy degree for all indicators.Subsequently,the priority order of the bid companies could be obtained by the using of scoring function and TOPSIS,which made the evaluation result more reasonable.And the validity and practicability of this model were verified by case analysis.
Key words:intuitionistic fuzzy set; water conservancy and hydropower project; tendering and bidding; bid evaluation model
招标投标是国内外通用的、科学合理的工程承发包方式,通过招投标形式选择合适的承包人是工程建设的关键环节,对工程建设计划的圆满实现起着决定性的作用[12]。评标工作是整个招投标活动的核心,如何快速有效的选取最优投标人事关工程建设的成败[34]。关于评标办法的研究,不少学者都取得了相应的研究成果,盛松涛等[5]建立了基于模糊综合评价法的水利工程评标办法;鲁仕宝等[6]将熵权理论引入到评标决策中;何亚伯[7]基于复合物元和信息熵建立了水电工程评标模型。上述成果的取得虽然在一定程度上提高了评标的精度,但大都要求评标专家依据个人经验给出各评价指标确切的分数或指标隶属的评价等级,只考虑指标隶属度,忽略了非隶属度和犹豫程度等因素。直觉模糊集理论能够考虑了隶属度、非隶属度与犹豫度3方面的信息,在处理模糊性和不确定性等信息时较传统的方法具有更强的表现力和科学性。该理论已经广泛的被运用于可行性分析、电子测试、建筑工程、系统整体优化等很多领域,并取得了良好的效果。水利工程评标因素众多,且很多因素较难直接评价,对此直觉模糊集理论能够对其进行较好的处理,使得评价结果更为合理。因而,本文以直觉模糊集理论为基础,选取合适的评价因子,建立相应评标模型,以期为水利水电工程项目建设评标工作提供科学合理的理论指导。
1 评价指标体系的建立
水利工程建设较为复杂,影响工程建设的因素众多。本文参考相关研究[710],综合考虑各方因素,构建评标指标评价体系见表1。
2 评价模型的建立
2.1 直觉模糊集
2.2 指标属性集
2.3 多属性权重求解模型
2.4 TOPSIS评估法
TOPSIS法是根据评价对象与理想化点间的接近程度进行排序的方法。该方法通过计算评价对象与最优解、最劣解的距离来进行排序,即以得分函数值为评价尺度,以靠近正理想点和远离负理想点为优,对各评价对象进行排序[1920]。直觉模糊数α和β的得分函数S(α)和S(β)距离的计算公式可表示为:
3 实例分析
某水利工程项目面向社会公开招标,在所有报名的投标单位中有甲、乙、丙、丁四家通过了资格预审。采用基于直觉模糊集的多属性评价算法对四家投标单位投标情况进行评价,组建评估专家组,通过专家组审核,对评价指标进行赋分。以一级指标“企业状况”为例,平均专家评分得到表2所示结果。
从上述案例可以看出,直觉模糊集理论在处理模糊和不确定信息时能够考虑到指标隶属度、非隶属度和犹豫程度等因素,可以使得评价结果更为合理,但评价过程仍建立在专家主观评价基础之上。该方法虽然极大地提升了评价精度,降低了主观因素影响程度,但评价结果仍然摆脱不了受专家主观因的素影,评价结果主观性仍然较强,有待进一步改进。
4 结语
水利工程评标是一项较为复杂的系统工程,其牵扯方面众多。如何快速有效的评选出最优投标人事关工程建设的成败。本文选取投标报价、施工组织及企业状况等指标建立了二级评价指标体系,并考虑不同评价对象各评价指标隶属度、非隶属度和犹豫度等因素,基于直觉模糊集理论建立了相关评价模型,同时借助得分函数和TOPSIS法进行综合评价从而可得到投标单位投标优劣顺序,极大地提高了评价的精度,能够保证评标的科学合理性。实例分析证明该方法能够快速有效分析出最优投标人,可为评标决策提供依据。
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