鹿特丹蒙得维的亚大厦

鹿特丹蒙得维的亚大厦

荷兰鹿特丹

业主：海牙ING地产

设计：1999-2002

施工：2003-2005

结构工程：代尔夫特ABT公司

承建商：布鲁塞尔Besix

面积：57 530平方米

建筑成本：6500万欧元

获奖：2007年国际高层奖；2007年Dedalo Minosse奖；2007年建筑质量奖

摄影：Christian Richters

Client： ING Real Estate， The Hague

Design： 1999-2002

Realisation： 2003-2005

Structural engineer： ABT bv， Delft

Contractor： Besix， Brussels， Belgium

Area： 57 530 m²

Building costs： € 65 000 000

Awards： International Highrise Award （2007）， Dedalo Minosse （2007） and Building Quality Award （2007）

Photos： © Christian Richters

威廉敏娜码头

随着鹿特丹人类活动范围的不断扩大，它的港口越来越靠近大海，空出了原先在市区的港口以备他用。威廉敏娜码头就坐落在市区马斯河和莱茵河港之间的一个旧港口，目前已经建成许多高楼，而且还在开发，以后将成为一个壮观的住宅和办公区。荷兰到美国航线上的海轮和游轮曾经从威廉敏娜码头起航，横跨大西洋，前往纽约。该航线的办事处就设在现在的纽约酒店。威廉敏娜码头上的仓库都有富于异国情调的名字，以纽约、新奥尔良、芝加哥、旧金山、巴尔的摩和哈瓦那等国际港口城市命名。作为荷兰最高的住宅楼，威廉敏娜码头尽头的一座建筑也按照这种传统以乌拉圭的首都蒙得维的亚命名。

垂直城市

1999年ING房地产公司和鹿特丹市规划局要求梅卡诺提交一份威廉敏娜码头南部区域概念设计方案，当时这个区域的规划主要是用于建造高层住宅楼。码头北面正在开发几座独立的办公楼：由诺曼·福斯特设计的世界港口中心和伦佐·皮亚诺设计的KPN大楼。梅卡诺认为南北两个区域之间的对比不应该通过建筑的外观来表达。因此，梅卡诺不想打造以完全雷同的阳台为特点的建筑这一“住房工程”形象。梅卡诺提出通过一系列高层建筑的设计打造出一座“垂直城市”的设想，即有宽敞的、兼顾居住与工作的中性楼层规划，并在街面层建造有各种吸引人的功能设施的开放式空间。

梅卡诺的城市规划设计建议在北面建造零星的小高层建筑加以平衡，这样，即使从南面，人们也可以一眼望到北面鹿特丹的市中心。蒙得维的亚建筑作为当时设计的一个原型，就是以这一位置就能够让人联想到荷兰到美国的航线为出发点。

荷兰——美国意象

蒙得维的亚由相交的一个部分组成，其中部分悬空在码头上方。这座建筑让人想起纽约、芝加哥和波士顿在两次世界大战之间建造的高层建筑：这些建筑为砖混结构，有精致的细节，色彩运用灵活，并有许多屋顶露台和敞廊。施工所用的材料也给人以荷兰——美国意象，整个建筑采用交替使用钢筋（美国）、混凝土（荷兰）再到钢筋这样一种方法。基础两层采用钢结构，承载152米高的整个大楼和向前突出16米的水上公寓。上面的27层采用混凝土叠加方式。从28层开始又采用钢结构，因此这些公寓的楼层之间可以自由分割。这座建筑形成了一种富于变化的空间结构。192间公寓至少有54种不同户型和不同层高，分为“悬空”、“城市”、“天空”和“水上”四大类公寓。地下两层是供上面所有这些公寓住户使用的停车场。窗户、阳台和敞廊按一定间隔节奏分散在整个建筑：有的在拐角处，有的占据一层层高，有圆形，有交错，有的用铰链，也有的用滑轮。顶部几层，可以从窗户里看到钢结构的对角线。

Wilhelmina Pier

The expansion of its activities has meant that Rotterdam's harbour has shifted closer to the sea， thus freeing up the old city harbours for other uses. The Wilhelmina Pier lies in such an old city harbour，between the River Maas and the Rhine Harbour， and is being developed into a spectacular residential and office area with a lot of high-rise buildings. The ocean steamers and cruise ships of the Holland-America Line once moored on the Wilhelmina Pier to make the crossing from Rotterdam to New York. The Holland-America Line offices were in what is now Hotel New York. On the Wilhelmina Pier were warehouses with exotic names of international port cities， such as New York， New Orleans， Chicago，San Francisco， Baltimore and Havana. For the highest residential building of the Netherlands， at the head of the Wilhelmina Pier， a name has been chosen that fits into this tradition： Montevideo， the capital of Uruguay.

Vertical city

In 1999 Mecanoo was asked by ING Real Estate and the Rotterdam Urban Planning Agency to think up a concept design plan for the south side of the Wilhelmina Pier， which at that time was mainly intended for high-rise residential buildings. For the north side， free-standing office buildings were being developed： the World Port Centre by Norman Foster and the KPN tower by Renzo Piano. For Mecanoo it was important that the contrast between the north and south sides should not be expressed in the way the buildings looked， and for this reason Mecanoo did not want to create a ‘housing project' image - buildings characterised in the main by repetitive balconies. Mecanoo proposed a series of tall buildings that together would produce a vertical city， something like a stack of mansions with spacious， neutral floor plans for either living or working and with inviting， open groundfloor functions at street level.

Mecanoo's urban composition uses the sporadic low-rise buildings on the north side as a counterweight， so that from the south side， too， you can see the Rotterdam city centre to the north. Montevideo was then designed as a prototype， inspired by the Holland-America feeling summoned up by the location.

Holland-America

Montevideo consists of a composition of intersecting volumes， part of which is suspended above the quay. The building refers to the interbellum high-rise buildings of New York， Chicago and Boston：brick built， with refined detailing and use of colour， a lot of roof terraces and loggias. The construction contributes to the Holland-America feeling： a system that alternates steel （America）， concrete （Holland）and then steel again. The first two floors are built of steel and bear the 152 metres high tower and the Water Apartments jutting 16 metres out. The 27 floors above are executed with a concrete climbing form. From the 28th floor steel is used， so that the floors of these apartments are freely sub divisible. This allows the building to achieve a very varied spatial structure： 192 dwellings with no less than 54 different types and different floor heights divided amongst Loft， City， Sky and Water apartments. All this on top of a two-storey underground parking facility. Windows， balconies and loggias are distributed across the building in a rhythmic composition： corner-spanning， storey-high， circular，staggered， opening on hinges and sliding open. The diagonals of the steel construction of the top floors can be descried through the windows.

远洋轮

这座建筑让人想到远洋轮船上的交错设计，有不同的高度，不同的价位，当然还有公用设施。这幢建筑有不同面积、不同价格的公寓，还有餐馆、办公用房、客房和带健身房和桑拿的游泳池。住户可以使用购物、餐饮、清洁和维护等服务设施，还可以使用洗衣房等其他服务设施。蒙得维的亚的入口大堂与酒店大堂类似，住户走进去就像游客到了酒店一样。梅卡诺设计的蓝色墙面上画有银色的乌拉圭海岸线，还有一些令人回味的名称，如Punta del Este、Treinta-y-Tres 和Dolores。躺在床上，你可以透过一个舷窗看到马斯河上来来往往的船只。

M

2005年3月21日上午09时49分，在开工整整两年后，一台起重机把一个巨大的M型结构吊到蒙得维的亚上空，这座建筑最高点达到了152.317米。M型结构为一个尺寸为8*8*1.60米、重9吨的开放式钢结构——用一个旋转轴安装到座贡多拉航船船首三角帆上。300名建筑工人为纪念封顶仪式而布置的松树从上面伸出，引起人们一阵欢呼。作为蒙得维的亚的标志，M型结构像一个风向标，骄傲地伸向鹿特丹的天际线。M型结构象征着鹿特丹的航海传统，为所有的鹿特丹人指明着风向。该结构和艺术家Ineke Hauer在低顶上设计的水箱相互映衬，让荷兰——美国这一设计意象得以完美表达。

Ocean steamer

The building reminds you of the cross-section of an ocean steamer with different floor heights，different price classes and communal facilities. There are apartments in many sizes and price classes， restaurants， offices， guest suites and a swimming pool with fitness centre and sauna. The residents can use service facilities， such as a shopping service， catering， cleaning and maintenance services， a post-keeping service and a laundry service. The entrance to Montevideo has something of the ambiance of a hotel lobby， where you arrive as a traveller. A map of the Uruguay coastline has been painted in silver on the Mecanoo-blue wall， with evocative names such as Punta del Este， Treinta-y-Tres and Dolores. Lying in your bed you can see through a large porthole the passing ships on the Maas River.

M

At 9.49 a.m. on the 21st of March 2005， exactly two years after building commenced， a crane hoists a gigantic letter M onto Montevideo and the building reaches its highest point of 152.317 metres. The M - an open steel construction measuring 8 x 8 x 1.60 metres and weighing 9 tons -is mounted with a rotating axis onto the jib of the sky gondola. The pine tree set up for the topping out ceremony for the 300 construction workers sticks out merrily above it. The M， Montevideo's logo， proudly protrudes above the Rotterdam skyline like a weather vane. The M confirms Rotterdam's maritime tradition and shows all Rotterdammers the wind direction. Together with the water tank by the artist Ineke Hauer on the lower-lying roof， the M makes the Holland-America feeling complete.

Montevideo Rotterdam， the Netherlands