天使圣玛丽教堂

天使圣玛丽教堂

荷兰鹿特丹

业主：R.K. begraafplaats St. Laurentius

设计：1998-2001年

施工：2000-2001年

结构工程：代尔夫特ABT公司

承建商：H&B Bouw公司

面积：120平方米

建筑成本：52.2万欧元（1999年）

摄影：Christian Richters

Client： R.K. begraafplaats St. Laurentius， Rotterdam

Design： 1998-1999

Execution： 2000-2001

Structural engineer： ABT b.v.， Delft

Contractor： H&B Bouw b.v.， Sassenheim

Area： 120 m2

Building costs： incl. installations € 522 000 （1999）

Photos： © Christian Richters

在有150年历史的两座教堂的旧址上建造的第三座小教堂

1998年梅卡诺建筑事务所为鹿特丹圣劳伦提斯RK公墓设计建造了一座新教堂。这是为最初于1865年3月13日建成的公墓所建的第三座教堂。这座以天使圣玛丽名义建造的第三座教堂于2001年投入使用。

天使圣玛丽教堂的位置刚好在1869年完工的新古典风格的教堂旧址上。原来的教堂差点因鹿特丹不稳定的建筑地基而坍塌。1963年在原址上又建了一座像一顶大帐篷的教堂，外表全部用铜材装饰，顶部有一口钟。这座教堂也出现了地基问题，几近坍塌，最后只能拆毁。所以现在的这座新教堂也是完全新造的建筑。

天使圣玛丽教堂能一直延续至今基于人们相信人有来生的信仰。人们把逝者送进教堂，在这座幽静而令人冥思的教堂做片刻反思，然后登上单程的往生之路。教堂里的空间布局有一种象征意义：高出地面大约70公分的一道矮墙，连绵蜿蜒。这道墙是深蓝色，上面是多种语言的安魂曲歌词，墓地为鹿特丹多种文化的民族共用。教堂的屋顶像是一张折纸一样在空中飘飞。金黄色天花板由安装在下面的灯光照明。天花板上有天窗，白天一束阳光从天而降，焚香时更显生动。

这座教堂建在原新哥特式教堂的旧址一个由碎石铺成的平台上，共有两层，用天然石材隔开，标志着牧师和教徒各自不同的位置。顶上的钟楼里还是1963年教堂里安放的那口钟。

model photo： © Pieter Vandermeer

Third chapel built on the 150 year remains of the former chapels

In 1998 Mecanoo architecten designed a new chapel for the R.K. Cemetery St. Laurentius in Rotterdam. This would be the third chapel for the cemetery， which was originally founded on the 13th of March 1865. This third Chapel， devoted to Saint Mary of Angels， was put into use in 2001.

The Chapel Saint Mary of the Angels is situated on the exact location of a neo-classical chapel， which was completed in 1869. This chapel almost collapsed because of the unstable Rotterdam building ground. In 1963 a new chapel was built on top of the foundations of the old one： a building， which was shaped like a big wigwam， covered with copper， with a bell in its top. This chapel also suffered from foundation-problems. Again the building tended to collapse and had to be broken down. The third chapel therefore became a new foundation.

The routing of the Chapel of Saint Mary of the Angels is based on a confidence in the continuation of life. You carry the deceased into the chapel， have a moment of reflection in a quiet， meditative building， and then leave the chapel in a single， continuous movement. The space has an organic form： a continuous curving wall raised seventy centimetres above the ground. The wall has an intense deep blue colour and texts from the Requiem appear on it in many languages； the cemetery is a place for the multicultural population of Rotterdam. The roof floats above the space like a folded sheet of paper. The golden ceiling is artificially lit from below. An opening in the ceiling allows daylight to enter the chapel in a ray of light， which is further accentuated at the moment when incense is burnt.

The chapel is standing on a platform of gravel within the outlines of the previous neo-gothic chapel. Two floors， inlayed with natural stone， mark the place of the priest and the congregation. In the bell tower， the bell from the chapel of 1963 is placed.

Chapel Saint Mary of the Angels Rotterdam， the Netherlands