形象法——英语阅读的高效策略

汤颖

阅读理解在高考150分中占40分。其实，“语言知识运用”的得分同样取决于我们的阅读水平，如果我们不能正确理解完形填空和语法填空题的文章，就没法做好这两道题，这部分在150分中占45分。阅读理解和语言知识运用两部分的分数加起来就在150分中占85分。因此，阅读能力是决定高考分数高低或胜负的关键，每个考生都要特别重视。

在高考有限的时间内如何既能快速阅读文章，达到高考的要求呢？

首先，我们必须克服不良阅读习惯：逐字阅读一篇文章，阅读时头跟着视线从左到右移动，小声读，把读的内容翻译成汉语等等。

其次，我向大家介绍我们通过区、市和省的课题“中学生高效英语学习策略实证研究——基于Oxford语言学习策略分类法”研究，总结出的高效英语学习策略——“形象法”。

为了使我们主管文字的左半脑和主管图像和想象力的右半脑一起工作，使记忆力达到最好的效果，我们使用“形象法”。“形象法（Using visualimagery）”，也就是把我们读到和听到的内容可视化，头脑想象读到或听到内容的情景和画面，从而使枯燥的记忆变得生动有趣，使我们能清楚容易地记住知识而不忘记，因为图片能在我们的记忆中留下很深的印象。

怎样使用“形象法”阅读英语文章呢？一边默读理解，一边在头脑里想象阅读内容的情景和画面，进入文章的情景。这样，有助于快速阅读和理解文章。如：

To be a good teacher， you need some of the gifts of a good actor； you must be able to hold the attention and interest of your audience； you must be a clear speaker， with a good， strong， pleasing voice which is fully under your control； and you must be able to act what you are teaching， in order to make its meaning clear.

Watch a good teacher and you will see that he does not sit still before his class： he stands the whole time he is teaching； he walks about， using his arms， hands and fingers to help him in his explanations， and his face to express feelings. Listen to him， and you will hear the loudness， the quality and the musical note of his voice always changing according to what he is talking about.

The fact that a good teacher has some of the gifts of a good actor doesnt mean that he will indeed be able to act well on the stage， for there are very important differences between the teachers work and the actors. The actor has to speak words which he has learnt by heart； he has to repeat exactly the same words each time he plays a certain part， even his movements and the ways in which he uses his voice are usually fixed beforehand. What he has to do is to make all these carefully learnt words and actions seem natural on the stage.

A good teacher works in quite a different way. His audience takes an active part in his play：they ask and answer questions， they obey orders， and if they dont understand something， they say so. The teacher therefore has to meet the needs of his audience， which is his class. He cannot learn his part by heart， but must invent it as he goes along.

I have known many teachers who were fine actors in class but were unable to take part in a stage-play because they could not keep strictly to what another had written.

1. What is the text about？

A. How to become a good teacher.

B. What a good teacher should do outside the classroom.

C. What teachers and actors could learn from each other？

D. The similarities （相似处） and differences between a teachers work and an actors.

2. A good teacher ________.

A. knows how to hold the interest of his students

B. must have a good voice

C. knows how to act on the stage

D. stands or sits still while teaching

3. The word“audience”in the fourth paragraph means ________.

A. students

B. people who watch a play

C. people who arenot on the stage

D. people who listen to something

4. In what way is a teachers work different from an actors？

A. The teacher must learn everything by heart.

B. He knows how to control his voice better than an actor.

C. He has to deal with unexpected situations.

D. He has to use more facial expressions.

5. The main difference between students in class and a theatre audience is that _____.

A. students can move around in the classroom

B. students must keep silent while theatre audience neednt

C. no memory work is needed for the students

D. the students must take part in their teachersplay

如何运用“形象法”阅读上面的文章？

每读一段我们都要通过想象，在头脑里出现所读内容的实际情景或场景，甚至表演出来，从而总结本段所述的主要内容。上述这篇文章各段的段意如下：

（1）Paragraph 1：The similarities of a teacher and an actors work.

（2）Paragraph 2：A good teachers work.

（3）Paragraph 3：The actor has to speak words which he has learnt by heart， and even his movements and the ways in which he uses his voice are usually fixed beforehand.

（4）Paragraph 4：They take an active part in class.

（5） Paragraph 5：They cant keep strictly to what another has written.

上篇阅读文章的五个小题的答案如下：

第1题：考文章的主旨要义，它综合和概括全文的内容，答案是D：The similarities （相似处） and differences between a teachers work and an actors.

第2题：考文中具体信息，由课文第一段的第二句you must be able to hold the attention and interest of your audience可知，答案是A。

第3题：考根据上下文推测生词的词义，由它所在的句子His audience takes an active part in his play和前面的句子A good teacher works in quite a different way可看出，audience指 students，答案是A。

第4题：考查考生的推理判断能力，由第四段His audience ask and answer questions， and if they dont understand something， they say so. The teacher cannot learn his part by heart， but must invent it as he goes along可以推断出：The teacher has to deal with unexpected situations.答案是C。

第5题：考文中具体信息，由第四段的第2句His audience takes an active part in his play可知，答案是D。

练习题：请运用“形象法”阅读下面的文章，并和小组同学讨论分享自己的方法。

Poet William Stafford once said that we are defined more by the detours（绕行路）in life than by the narrow road toward goals.I like this image.But it was quite by accident that I discovered the deep meaning of his words.

For years we made the long drive from our home in Seattle to my parentshome in Boise in nine hours.We traveled the way most people do： the fastest， shortest， easiest road， especially when I was alone with four noisy， restless kids who hate confinement（限制）and have strong opinions about everything.

Road trips felt risky，so I would drive fast， stopping only when I had to.We would stick to the freeways and arrive tired.

But then Banner， our lamb was born.He was rejected by his mama days before our planned trip to Boise.I had two choices： leave Banner with my husband， or take him with me.My husband made the decision for me.

That is how I found myself on the road with four kids， a baby lamb and nothing but my everlasting optimism to see me through.We took the country roads out of necessity.We had to stop every hour， let Banner shake out his legs and feed him.The kids chased him and one another.Theyd get back in the car breathless and energized， smelling fresh from the cold air.

We explored side roads， catching grasshoppers in waist-high grass.Even if we simply looked out of the car windows at baby pigs following their mother， or fish leaping out of the water， it was better than the best ride down the freeway.Here was life.And new horizons（见识）.

We eventually arrived at my parentsdoorstep astonishingly fresh and full of stories.

I grew brave with the trip back home and creative with my disciplining technique.On an empty section of road， everyone started quarreling.I stopped the car， ordered all kids out and told them to meet me up ahead.I parked my car half a mile away and read my book in sweet silence.

Some road trips are by necessity fast and straight.But that trip with Banner opened our eyes to a world available to anyone adventurous enough to wander around and made me realize that a detour may uncover the best part of journey—and the best part of yourself.

1. Why did the author use to take freeways to her parents home？

A. It was less tiring.

B. It would be faster and safer.

C. Her kids would feel less confined.

D. She felt better with other drivers nearby.

2. The author stopped regularly on the country roads to ________.

A. relax in the fresh air

B. take a deep breath

C. take care of the lamb

D. let the kids play with Banner

3. What does the author discover from the trip according to Paragraph 6？

A. Freeways are where beauty hides.

B. Getting close to nature adds to the joy of life.

C. Enjoying the beauty of nature benefits ones health.

D. One should follow side roads to watch wild animals.

4. Why did the author ask the kids to get out of the car on their way back home？

A. To give herself some time to read.

B. To order some food for them.

C. To play a game with them.

D. To let them cool down.

5. What could be the best title for the passage？

A. Charm of the Detour

B. The Road to Bravery

C. Creativity out of Necessity

D. Road Trip and Country Life

答案：BCBDA

反思题：

1. 说一说：什么是“形象法”？如何运用“形象法”进行阅读？

2. 把“形象法”运用到自己平时的学习中去，每个同学分享一篇用“形象法”进行阅读的例子。