高秋 杨松 陈燕春 周维
经皮冠状动脉介入治疗不稳定型心绞痛应用阿托伐他汀联合曲美他嗪对炎性因子的影响
高秋杨松陈燕春周维
目的观察中西医结合药物治疗的基础上应用运动疗法与单纯应用药物治疗心绞痛患者的临床疗效情况。方法选取2014年7月至2015年8月收治的80例不稳定型心绞痛患者,分为观察组和对照组,每组40例,对照组患者采用阿托伐他汀治疗;观察组患者采用阿托伐他汀联合曲美他嗪治疗。比较2组疗效、炎性因子水平、血脂、生活质量评分。结果观察组总有效率92.5%高于对照组的72.5%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,2组患者肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)及超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,观察组患者TNF-α水平下降,而对照组患者TNF-α水平上升;观察组患者IL-6水平降低幅度比对照组大;观察组患者hs-CRP水平降低,而对照组患者hs-CRP水平增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,2组患者血脂TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,观察组患者血脂TC、TG、LDL-C水平降低幅度大于对照组;观察组患者血脂HDL-C水平上升幅度大于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,2组患者生活质量评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,观察组患者生活质量评分上升幅度比对照组大,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论阿托伐他汀联合曲美他嗪在经皮冠状动脉介入治疗不稳定型心绞痛疗效显著,能有效降低炎性因子水平及降低血脂,提高患者生活质量。
阿托伐他汀;曲美他嗪;心绞痛;炎性因子
不稳定型心绞痛是一种介于稳定型心绞痛与猝死之间的疾病,且具有发病急、极易恶化的特点[1]。治疗心绞痛的主要手段是经皮冠状动脉介入治疗,其治疗效果不错。但有关研究结果显示,经皮冠状动脉介入治疗容易导致术后心肌损伤进而引起炎性反应,对患者的健康有极大影响[2,3]。近年来有研究发现,阿托伐他汀用于经皮冠状动脉介入治疗中,可调节血脂,对炎性因子的控制也起着一定作用[4]。为寻求更好的治疗方法,本研究采取阿托伐他汀联合曲美他嗪在经皮冠状动脉介入治疗不稳定型心绞痛中,观察应用效果及炎性因子变化,报告如下。
1.1一般资料选取2014年7月至2015年8月我院治疗的不稳定型心绞痛患者80例,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组40例。观察组:男25例,女15例;年龄39~62岁,平均年龄(55.31±4.26)岁;对照组男23例,女17例;年龄41~70岁,平均年龄(57.10±5.03)岁。纳入标准[5]:(1)所有患者符合不稳定型心绞痛诊断标准;(2)经心电图检查确诊。排除标准:(1)患者有严重呼吸系统、循环系统疾病;(2)患者有经皮冠状动脉介入治疗史;(3)对曲美他嗪过敏者;(4)对阿托伐他汀过敏者。2组患者性别比、年龄、病情等临床资料比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。整个研究在患者及家属的知情同意下完成,并获得我院伦理委员会批准。
1.2方法对照组患者采用阿托伐他汀治疗。患者口服阿托伐他汀钙片(Pfizer Ireland Pharmaceuticals生产;规格:10 mg)进行治疗,每次40 mg,1次/d,疗程7 d。术前12 h服用80 mg。观察组患者在服用阿托伐他汀的基础上给予盐酸曲美他嗪片[施维雅(天津)制药有限公司生产;规格:20 mg]进行治疗,每次20 mg,3次/d,疗程7 d。术前0.5 h服用60 mg[6]。
1.3观察指标观察2组患者治疗前后肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、白介素-6(IL-6)及超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平、血脂、生活质量评分变化。(1)炎性因子水平:分别在经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术前、术后18~24 h采集2 ml患者外周静脉血。等待血液自然凝固20 min后,以2 000 r/min离心10 min,放入冰箱保存。把收集到的血清标本与ELISA试剂盒常温下放置30 min 后,对TNF-α及IL-6水平进行检测。hs-CRP水平由hs-CRP快速检测试剂盒(基蛋生物科技股份有限公司)检测。(2)血脂:治疗前后分别于清晨空腹采集患者的静脉血4 ml,离心后,提取血清测定患者血脂TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C水平。(3)生活质量评分:由患者填制生活质量评分量表评定,满分100分,得分大于80分为优,70~79分为良,50~69分为中,得分小于50分为差。
1.4疗效评定标准显效:炎性因子水平明显降低,血脂水平恢复正常,生活质量明显改善。有效:炎性因子水平降低,血脂水平降低,生活质量有改善。无效:炎性因子水平增高或不变,血脂水平降低不明显,生活质量无改善[7]。
2.12组患者疗效比较观察组总有效率92.5%明显高于对照组的72.5%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表1。
表1 2组患者疗效比较 n=40,例(%)
2.22组患者TNF-α、IL-6及hs-CRP水平变化治疗前,2组患者TNF-α、IL-6及hs-CRP水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,观察组患者TNF-α水平下降,而对照组患者TNF-α水平上升;观察组患者IL-6水平降低幅度比对照组大;观察组患者hs-CRP水平降低,而对照组患者hs-CRP水平增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表2。
组别TNF⁃α治疗前治疗后IL⁃6治疗前治疗后hs⁃CRP治疗前治疗后观察组7.72±2.257.41±2.133.10±0.631.35±0.502.58±1.282.37±1.10对照组7.64±2.348.48±2.583.13±0.592.69±0.782.52±1.312.96±1.24t值0.15592.02270.21989.14720.20722.2512P值0.87650.04650.8266<0.00010.83640.0272
2.32组患者血脂变化情况治疗前,2组患者血脂TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C含量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,2组患者血脂TC、TG、LDL-C含量均降低,且观察组患者血脂TC、TG、LDL-C含量降低幅度大于对照组;2组患者血脂HDL-C含量均上升,且观察组上升幅度大于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表3。
组别TC治疗前治疗后TG治疗前治疗后HDL⁃C治疗前治疗后LDL⁃C治疗前治疗后观察组6.35±1.264.32±1.033.14±1.051.36±0.751.21±0.341.93±0.423.48±0.951.57±0.73对照组6.42±1.155.72±1.203.10±1.142.56±0.821.14±0.311.43±0.283.64±0.832.24±0.81t值0.25955.59900.16326.82960.96226.26470.80223.8861P值0.7959<0.050.8708<0.050.3389<0.050.42490.0002
2.42组患者生活质量评分变化情况治疗前,2组患者生活质量评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,2组患者生活质量评分均有上升,且观察组上升幅度较对照组大,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表4。
表4 2组患者生活质量评分变化情况 n=40,分,±s
近年来,心绞痛发病率不断上升,严重危害人类生命健康。不稳定型心绞痛是指在冠状动脉粥样硬化后,由于病情恶化或被其他致病因素刺激所引起的心前区间歇性疼痛,病情可由心电图诊断[8,9]。主要特征是心绞痛症状持续性增加,出现心绞痛持续时间延长。引发不稳定型心绞痛的原因主要有冠状动脉粥样硬化病变进展、血小板聚集、血栓形成、冠状动脉痉挛。相较于稳定型心绞痛,不稳定性心绞痛患者疼痛更剧烈,疼痛时间更长,甚至是极小的运动都会引起该病发作[10]。由于不稳定型心绞痛病理生理机制独特,以及预后较特别,如果患者没能得到及时治疗,可能会发展为急性心肌梗死甚至休克。经皮冠状动脉介入治疗是临床上广泛应用的治疗心绞痛的方法,该治疗方法可改善心肌供血。有研究报道,部分患者难以避免在经皮冠状动脉介入治疗中发生心肌损伤,从而引发TNF-α、IL-6、hs-CRP等炎性因子水平增高[11,12]。因而寻找药物防止心肌损伤很重要。
阿托伐他汀是他汀类降脂药,能减少心血管病事件,而且有抗炎的功效,安全性良好[13,14]。曲美他嗪属于新型抗心绞痛药,能提高心肌效率,改善心肌功能,并且作用持续时间较长。有研究发现,术前给予患者大剂量阿托伐他汀可降低hs-CRP水平,从而减少心肌损伤发生[15]。本研究中,患者经治疗后,阿托伐他汀联合曲美他嗪治疗患者TNF-α水平明显下降,而单用阿托伐他汀治疗患者TNF-α水平上升;阿托伐他汀联合曲美他嗪治疗的患者IL-6水平降低幅度比单用阿托伐他汀治疗的患者大;阿托伐他汀联合曲美他嗪治疗的患者hs-CRP水平降低,而单用阿托伐他汀治疗的患者hs-CRP水平增高,本研究结果说明阿托伐他汀联合曲美他嗪治疗能更有效降低炎性因子的水平。此外,阿托伐他汀联合曲美他嗪治疗的患者血脂TC、TG、LDL-C水平均明显降低,并且降低幅度大于单用阿托伐他汀治疗的患者,说明联合治疗对降低患者血脂也有极大的帮助。
治疗后,阿托伐他汀联合曲美他嗪治疗的患者中存在显效22例,有效15例,无效3例,而单用阿托伐他汀治疗的患者中,显效15例,有效14例,无效11例,前者总有效率92.5%明显高于后者的72.5%。本研究中,心绞痛患者在经过治疗后生活质量均有不同程度的改善,其中阿托伐他汀联合曲美他嗪治疗的患者生活质量较单用阿托伐他汀治疗的患者更好,表示阿托伐他汀联合曲美他嗪治疗能帮助改善患者的生活质量。
综上所述,阿托伐他汀联合曲美他嗪在经皮冠状动脉介入治疗不稳定型心绞痛应用疗效显著,不仅能有效降低患者的血脂,以及降低炎性因子水平,还能极大改善患者的生活质量。
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Therapeutic effects of atorvastatin combined with trimetazidine on unstable angina pectoris treated by percutaneous coronary artery intervention
GAOQiu,YANGSong,CHENYanchun,etal.
DeparmentofVasculocardiology,People’sHospitalofYixingCity,Jiangsu,Yixing214200,China
ObjectiveTo observe the therapeutic effects of atorvastatin combined with trimetazidine on unstable angina pectoris treated by percutaneous coronary artery intervention,and to observe the changes of inflammatory factors during treatment.MethodsEighty patients with unstable angina pectoris who were admitted and treated in our hospital from July 2014 to August 2015 were divided into observation group (n=40) and control groups (n=40) by means of random number table method. The 40 patients in control group were treated by atorvastatin,however,the other 40 patients in observation group were treated by atorvastatin combined with trimetazidine. After treatment, the therapeutic effects,levels of inflammatory cytokines,blood lipid, life quality of patients were observed and compared between two groups.ResultsAfter treatment, the total effective rate in observation group was 92.5%, which was significantly higher than that (72.5%) in control group (P<0.05). Before treatment there were no significant differences in the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, hs-CRP between two groups (P>0.05). After treatment,the levels of TNF-α in observation group were decreased,however,which in control group were increased,morever, the levels of IL-6 in observation group were significantly decreased,as compared with those in control group. The levels of hs-CRP in observation group were decreased,however, which in control group were increased, there were significant differences between two groups (P<0.05). The decrease degree of IL-6 levels in observation group was greater than that in control group. The levels of hs-CRP in observation group were decreased,however,which in control group were increased,there were significant differences between two groups (P<0.05).Before treatment, there were no significant differences in the levels of TC,TG,HDL-C,LDL-C between two groups (P>0.05). After treatment, the levels of TC,TG,LDL-C in observation group were significantly decreased,as compared with those in control group,however, the increase degree of HDL-C levels in observation group was much greater than that in control group (P<0.05). Before treatment, there were no significant differences in the life quality scores between two groups (P>0.05), however,after treatment, the life quality scores in observation group were significantly increased, as compared with those in control group (P<0.05).ConclusionTherapeutic effects of atorvastatin combined with trimetazidine on unstable angina pectoris treated by percutaneous coronary artery intervention are quite obvious,which can effectively reduce the levels of inflammatory factors and blood lipid, and can improve the life quality of patients.
atorvastatin; trimetazidine; angina pectoris; inflammatory cytokines
10.3969/j.issn.1002-7386.2016.21.007
214200江苏省宜兴市人民医院心血管内科
R 541.42
A
1002-7386(2016)21-3227-04
2016-04-08)