中国冷水花属研究随记

王文采

(中国科学院植物研究所系统与进化植物学国家重点实验室，北京 100093)

中国冷水花属研究随记

王文采

(中国科学院植物研究所系统与进化植物学国家重点实验室，北京 100093)

描述了荨麻科冷水花属二新种，做出疣果冷水花二亚种学名的二新组合，给出师宗冷水花和总状冷水花的补充形态描述，并提供师宗冷水花、隆脉冷水花、总状冷水花和卵形盾叶冷水花的分布新记录。

荨麻科；冷水花属；新种；新组合；补充描述；分布新记录；中国

冷水花属Pilea Lindl.。

三萼组柔毛冷水花系Sect. Urticella Miq. ser. Pubescentes C.J.Chen

1 疣果冷水花

纤细冷水花，紫背冷水花，南川冷水花。

PileagracilisHand.-Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 136. 1929; C. J. Chen in Bull. Bot. Res. Harbin 2(3): 87. 1982; et in Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin. 23(2): 117, pl. 24: 9. 1995; X. W. Li in Fl. Yunnan. 7: 225. 1997; C. J. Chen et al. in Novon 17(1): 26. 2007. Type: 云南：思茅，A. Henry 13352(lectotype, designated by C. J. Chen in Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 2(3): 87. 1982, K), 12556, 13167, 13167A(syntypes, K).

1.1 ssp. gracilis

Syn.P.verrucosaHand.-Mazz. l. c. 134. 1929, non Killip, 1925; S. X. Fu, Fl. Hupeh. 1: 170. 1976; C. J. Chen in Bull. Bot. Res. Harbin 2(3): 54. 1982; et in Icon. Corm. Sin. Suppl. 1: 178, fig. 8445. 1982; X. S. Zhang in Fl. Guizhou. 4: 20. 1989; C. J. Chen in Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin. 23(2): 83, pl. 15: 1-3. 1995; X. W. Li in Fl. Yunnan. 7: 207. 1997; B. G. Li in Fl. Hunan 2: 276. 2000; C. J. Chen & A. K. Monro in Fl. China 5: 100. 2003; C. J. Chen in Fl. Guangxi 2: 233. 2005; C. X. Yang et al. Keys Vasc. Pl. Chongqing 148. 2009. Type: 湖南: 武冈, 云山, 1918-06-18, H. Handel-Mazzetti 12145(lectotype, designated by C. J. Chen in Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 2(3): 55. 1982, WU; photo, PE). 湖北: 长阳, 1900-05, E. H. Wilson, Veitch Exp. 696(syntype, K).

P.symmeriaWedd. var.subcoriaceaHand.-Mazz. f. stenobasis Hand.-Mazz. l. c. Syntypes: 云南: 思茅, A. Henry 12007(K). 四川: 峨眉山, E. H. Wilson, Veitch Exp. 5153(?K).

P.purpurellaC. J. Chen in Bull. Bot. Res. Harbin 2(3): 57, pl. 4: 6. 1982; et in Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin. 23(2): 88, pl. 15: 9. 1995; Y. Z. Ruan in Fl. Guangdong 6: 90. 2005. Type: 江西: 遂川, 1970-06-08, 236部队614(holotype, PE); 上犹, 1972-05-10, 江西队1158(paratype, PE); 武功山, 1954-05-04, 江西队238(paratype, PE). 广东: 和平, 卫兆芬120256(paratype, PE).

P.nanchuaneneisC. J. Chen in l. c. 87. 1982; et in l. c. 117. 1995; B. G. Li in Fl. Hunan 2: 283. 2000; Y. Z. Ruan in Fl. Guangdong 6: 94. 2005; C. X. Yang et al. Keys Vasc. Pl. Chongqing 149. 2009. Type: 重庆: 南川, 金佛山, 1957-05-29, 李国凤61618(holotype, PE). 湖南: 衡山, 1925-06-03, 湖南博物馆s. n.(paratype, PE). 广东: 蕉岭, 1957-05-07, 邓良4591(paratype, PE).

地理分布：特产我国西南至华南(云南、贵州、四川、重庆、湖北西南部、湖南、广西、广东东北部、江西西部)。

1.2 闽北冷水花(亚种)

ssp.fujianensis(C. J. Chen) W. T. Wang, comb. nov. —P.verrucosaHand.-Mazz. ssp.fujianensisC. J. Chen in l. c. 35. 1982; et in l. c. 85. 1995; C. J. Chen & A. K. Monro in Fl. China 5: 101. 2003. Type: 福建: 建宁, 1978-06-13, 李振宇10880(holotype, PE); 泰宁, 1978-07-16, 李敏生s. n.(paratype, PE).

地理分布：特产福建西北部。

1.3 离基脉冷水花(亚种)

ssp.subtriplinervia(C. J. Chen) W. T. Wang, comb. nov. —P.verrucosaHand.-Mazz. ssp.subtriplinerviaC. J. Chen in l. c. 56. 1982; et in l. c. 1995; C. J. Chen & A. K. Monro in Fl. China 5: 101. 2003; Y. Z. Ruan in Fl. Guangdong 6: 94. 2005. Type: 海南: 东方, 1956-11-27, 陈少卿11391(holotype, IBSC); 乐东, 1935-01, 刘心祈5201(paratype, IBSC); 保亭, 1936-10-17, 侯宽昭73853(paratype, IBSC).

地理分布：海南省特有亚种。

Chen & Monro将PileagracilisHand.-Mazz.,PileapurpurellaC. J. Chen和PileananchuanensisC. J. Chen均归并于PileaverrucosaHand.-Mazz.[4]. Chen et al.了解到在1925年有南美洲秘鲁一冷水花属新种PileaverrucosaKillip发表，于1929年发表的PileaverrucosaHand.-Mazz.实为一晚出异物同名(later homonym)，应予以废弃，他们选择了PileagracilisHand.-Mazz.作为疣果冷水花的学名，但对该种的2亚种的学名未加改变[5]，现在本文对此2亚种的学名做出新组合。

2 师宗冷水花 图1：A～B

PileashizongensisA. K. Monro, C. J. Chen & Y. G. Wei in PhytoKeys 19: 59, figs. 3: c, 4-5. 2012. Type: 云南：师宗县，Feng Huang Gu gorge, alt. 1200 m, 2010-05-14, A. K. Monro & Y. G. Wei 6727(holotype, IBK; isotype, PE!).

Supplementary description to the original one, with the achene and persistent perianth described for the first time.: Achene brown, biconvex, broadly ovate,(0.5-)0.7-0.8 mm×(0.3-)0.5 mm, sparsely verruculose, apex oblique, with residual stigma; persistent tepals 3, slightly unequal in size, glabrous, dorsal tepal dark-green, oblong, ca. 0.5 mm long, two lateral tepals whitish, linear, ca. 0.4 mm long, often deciduous.(from H. N. Qin 3181)

地理分布：云南东部师宗，在广西、湖南首次记录。

标本登录：广西(Guangxi)：乐业县(Leye Xian)，同乐林场，alt. 1 050 m，1989-04-30，红水河队(Hongshuihe Exped.) 626(♂, PE)；乐业县(Leye Xian)，alt. 1 400 m，2002-04-19，覃海宁(H. N. Qin) 3181(♀, PE)；田林县(Tianlin Xian)，alt. 1 050-1 400 m，1989-04-25，红水河队477, 572(♀, PE)。湖南(Hunan)：衡山，上封寺(Shangfeng Temple)，Anonymous 0408(veg., PE)。

本种为小多年生草本植物，叶较小，狭卵形或狭椭圆形，长达4.4 cm，宽达2 cm，在这些特征方面与隆脉冷水花(PilealomatogrammaHand.-Mazz.)相似，与后者的区别在于本种的茎、叶和花序均被短柔毛，而隆脉冷水花，茎、叶和花序均无毛[2,6]。但在上引的广西田林二号标本，茎和叶片下面近无毛或无毛，只花序有疏毛，这时两种就难于区别了。

在原始文献中缺瘦果的描述[6]，在上列广西乐业的标本中有成熟的瘦果，遂在本文中将瘦果和宿存花被的描述加以补充。

图1 师宗冷水花(A～B)、罗城冷水花(C～F)和贡觉冷水花(G～J) A.结果茎上部；B.瘦果和宿存花被；C.植株全形；D.雄花；E.果序；F.瘦果和宿存花被；G.植株全形；H.果序；I.瘦果和宿存花被；J.另一瘦果，示具钟乳体Fig.2 Pilea shizongensis(A-B), Eluochengensis(C-F) and E.gongjueensis(G-J) A.Upper part of fruiting stem; B.Achene with persistent perianth(from H.N.Qin et al. 3181); C.Habit; D.Staminate flower; E.Infructescence; F.Achene with persistent perianth(from holotype); G.Habit; H.Infructescence; I.Achene with persistent perianth; J.Another achene with several bacilliform cystoliths(from holotype)

3 隆脉冷水花

PilealomatogrammaHand.-Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 135. 1929, p. p. excl. Mell 416; S. X. Fu, Fl. Hupeh. 1: 168. 1976; C. J. Chen in Bull. Bot. Res. Harbin 2(3): 65. 1982; in Icon. Corm. Sin. Suppl. 1: 180, fig. 8447. 1982; et in Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin. 23(2): 93, pl. 17: 6. 1995; X. W. Li in Fl. Yunnan. 7: 208. 1997; C. J. Chen & A. K. Monro in Fl. China 5: 104. 2003; C. X. Yang et al. Keys Vasc. Pl. Chongqing 148. 2009. Type: 四川: 峨眉山, E. H. Wilson, Veitch Exp. 5152(lectotype, designated by C. J. Chen in Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 2(3): 65. 1982, K), E. Faber 441(syntype, K).

P.oxyodonauct. non Wedd.: C. H. Wright in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 477. 1899.

地理分布：云南东北部、四川、重庆南部、湖北西南部、福建西北部，在云南西北部和贵州东北部首次记录。

标本登录：云南(Yunnan)：贡山县(Gongshan Xian)，alt. 2800 m，1935-10，王启元(C. W. Wang) 67153(PE)。贵州：梵净山(Fanjing Shan)，alt. 500-780 m，1964-04，张志松等(Z. S. Zhang et al.)400047, 400049, 4000380, 401018(PE)。

本种主要分布于我国西南部，其分布东端却越过湖南和江西二省出现在福建武夷山东坡北部，遂形成一间断分布。

三萼组念珠冷水花系Sect. Urticella Miq. ser. Moniliferae C. J. Chen

4 罗城冷水花 图1：C～F

PilealuochengensisW. T. Wang, sp. nov. Holotype: 广西(Guangxi): 罗城县，长安乡，龙屯村，穿洞(Luocheng Xian, Changan Xiang, Longtun Cun, Chuandong)，石上，直立草本，花淡绿色(on stones; herbs erect; fls. greenish)，2006-05-04，侯满福(M. F. Hou) 15(PE).

Species nova haec est arcte affinisP.microcardiaeHand.-Mazz. endemicae necnon in Luocheng, quae caulibus humilioribus 3-8 cm altis, foliis minoribus, eorum laminis cordatis 0.6-1.5 cm longis 0.5-1.4 cm latis basi cordatis margine crenatis, cystolithis minoribus 0.2-0.3 mm longis differt.

Small perennial herbs, monoecious. Stems 7-15 cm tall, near base 0.8-1 mm across, glabrous, simple or above base 1-branched, below longitudinally shallowly 8-sulcate. Leaves glabrous, those of the same pair unequal in size; blades papery, deltoid-ovate,(0.5-)1-3.5 cm×(0.5-)1-3.6 cm, apex acute or shortly acuminate, base subtruncate, at the middle retuse, margin coarsely dentate, with teeth obliquely triangular in shape; nervation trinerved, with basal nerves adaxially flat, abaxially prominent and with 3-4 pairs of secondary nerves; cystoliths conspicuous, dense, bacilliform, 0.25-0.5 mm long; petioles slender, 0.4-3.2 cm long; stipules narrowly ovate or triangular, 0.5-0.8 mm long, with several bacilliform cystoliths. Staminate cymes few, singly axillary, including peduncle 4-8 mm long, 2-5 mm broad, glabrous, densely 4-10-flowered; peduncles slender, 3-6 mm long; bracts brown, narrowly ovate, ca. 0.5 mm long, apex slenderly caudate. Staminate flower ca. 2 mm in diam., glabrous; pedicel 0-0.4 mm long; tepals 4, navicular-oblong, ca. 1 mm long, slightly connate at base, abaxially below apex shortly corniculate; stamens 4, slightly surpassing tepals. Infructescences more and larger than staminate cymes, singly axillary, including peduncle 8-16 mm long, 6-9 mm broad, glabrous, sparsely branched, with 4-8 achene fascicles; peduncles slender, 4-9 mm long; bracts not seen. Achenes densely fascicled, brown, biconvex, narrowly ovate, ca. 0.8 mm×0.5 mm, smooth, sparsely minutely verruculose; persistent tepals 3, dark-green, unequal in size, glabrous, dorsal tepal larger, oblong-lanceolate, 0.5-0.6 mm long, abaxialy longitudinally thinly 3-ribbed, two lateral tepals smaller, narrowly ovate, 0.2-0.3 mm long.

本种在亲缘关系方面与也特产罗城的广西冷水花PileamicrocardiaHand.-Mazz.甚为相近，与后者的区别在于本种的茎较高，7～15 cm，叶较大，叶片正三角状卵形，长达3.5 cm，宽达3.6 cm，基部近截形，在中央微凹，边缘具斜三角形粗牙齿，钟乳体较大，长0.25～0.5 mm。在广西冷水花，茎较低矮，高3～8 cm，叶较小，叶片心形，长0.6～1.5 cm，宽0.5～1.4 cm，基部心形，边缘具浅圆齿，钟乳体较小，长0.2～0.3 mm[1～2]。

三萼组盾叶冷水花系Sect. Urticella Miq. ser. Peltatae C. J. Chen

5 总状序冷水花 图2：A～C

PilearacemiformisC. J. Chen in Bull. Bot. Res. Harbin 2(3): 93. 1982; et in Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin. 23(2): 123, pl. 26: 4-5. 1995; C. J. Chen & A. K. Monro in Fl. China 5: 111. 2003; C. J. Chen in Fl. Guangxi 2: 840. 2005. Holotype: 广西: 那坡, 百合老虎跳自然保护区, alt. 1600 m, 1977-04-18, 潘保强2-5207(♂, GXIM).

图2 总状序冷水花(A～C)和卵形盾叶冷水花(D～E) A.开花雌茎枝条；B.雌花；C.瘦果和宿存花被；D.结果茎上部；E.瘦果和宿存花被Fig.2 Pilea racemiformis(A-C) and P.peltata var. ovatifolia(D-E) A.Branch of flowering pistillate stem; B.Pistillate flower; C.Achene with persistent perianth(from H.N.Qin et al. s. n.); D.Upper part of fruiting stem; E. Achene with persistent perianth(from X.X.Huang et al. 10838)

Supplementary description to the original one, with the leaves of pistillate plant, pistillate thyrses, pistillate flower and achenes described for the first time.: Leaves glabrous; blades papery, lanceolate or narrowly ovate, 3.6-8.5 cm×1.3-3.2 cm, apex caudate-acuminate or long acuminate, 0.6-2.6 cm×0.1-0.3 cm, 6-12-denticulate, base usually peltate, margin dentate; petioles 0.5-2.3 cm long; stipules triangular, ca. 3 mm×5 mm. Pistillate thyrses singly axillary, including peduncle 5-8 cm long, glabrous, two times sparsely branched, each branchlet with sparsely arranged flower fascicles, each fascicle consisting of 3-6 flowers; peduncle 1.2-2.8 cm long; bracts linear or subulate, 0.3-0.6 mm long. Pistillate flower: pedicel 0.2-0.8 mm long, glabrous; tepals 3, unequal in size, oblong, glabrous, dorsal tepal ca. 0.25 mm long, two lateral tepals ca. 0.2 mm long; ovary ellipsoidal, ca. 0.3 mm long, glabrous; stigma penicillate, ca. 1.2 mm long, with dense thick hairs. Achenes brown, biconvex, ovate, ca. 1 mm×0.6 mm, sparsely verruculose; persistent tepals unequal in size, oblong, 0.3-0.7 mm long, glabrous.(from H. N. Qin et al. s. n.)

地理分布：原知产广西西南部那坡，在广西北部和云南东南部首次记录。

标本登录：广西(Guangxi)：那坡县(Napo Xian)，alt. 1200 m，2012-04-24，覃海宁等(H. N. Qin et al.)s. n.(♀, PE)；环江县(Huangjiang Xian)，Mulung town，alt. 550 m，1997-05-07，P. J. Cribb et al. ASBK 452(♀, PE)。云南(Yunnan)：西畴县(Xichou Xian)，法斗，alt. 1 420 m，2007-12-07，税玉民，陈文红等(Y. M. Shui, W. H. Chen et al.)80869(♀, PE)。

本种是根据一号雄性植株描述的[1]，现在收集到数号雌性植株标本，遂将雌聚伞圆锥花序、雌花和瘦果的描述加以补充。雌株的叶顶尖头较狭长，长达2.6 cm，边缘每侧有3～5枚小牙齿，而与雄株的不同；雄株的叶顶端尖头较短，长达1.5 cm，边缘每侧有1～2枚小牙齿[2]。

6 卵形盾叶冷水花(变种) 图2：D～E

PileapeltataHance var.ovatifoliaC. J. Chen in Bull. Bot. Res. Harbin 2(3): 95. 1982; et in Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin. 23(2): 127. 1995; C. J. Chen & A. K. Monro in Fl. China 5: 112. 2003; Y. Z. Ruan in Fl. Guangdong 6: 90. 2005. Type: 广东: 乳源, alt. 300 m, 1971-04-10, 广东队51(holotype, IBSC); 连县, 朱忠松690(paratype, IBSC); 从化, 邓良8465(paratype, PE); 黄志44066(paratype, IBSC).

地理分布：广东中部和北部，在江西西南部首次记录。

标本登录：江西(Jiangxi)：崇义县(Chongyi Xian)，聂都乡，仙鹤岩，2011-09-06，黄向旭，陈有卿，李素英(X. X. Huang, Y. Q. Chen & S. Y. Li)10838(PE)。

三萼组波缘冷水花系Sect. Urticella Miq. ser. Cavalerianae C. J. Chen

7 贡觉冷水花 图1：G～J

PileagongjueensisW. T. Wang, sp. nov. Holotype: 西藏(Xizang): 贡觉县，沙东乡，阿香村(Gongjue Xian, Shadong Xiang, Axiang Cun), alt. 3800 m, 山谷林缘草坡(on grassy slope at forest margin in valley), 多年生草本(perennial herbs), 2010-08-14, 康藏植物队(Kham Exped.) 10-1886(PE).

Species nova haec est arcte affinisP.yadongensiW. T. Wang, quae foliorum laminis majoribus usque ad 18 mm longis et latis margine in quoque latere plerumque 1-5-denticulatis, floris pistillati tepalo dorsali dorso sub apice papilliformiter projecto distinguitur.

Small herbs. Stems slender, 8-15 cm tall, near base 0.8-1 mm across, glabrous, simple, rarely 1-branched, on nodes with dense cystoliths. Leaves opposite, those of the same pair subequal in size, rarely 3 verticillate, petiolate, glabrous; blades papery, ovate or elliptic, rarely obovate, 7-15 mm×5-10 mm, apex slightly acute or obtuse, base obtuse or subrounded, margin at each side 1-2-denticulate or entire; nervation trinerved, with basal nerves adaxially nearly flat or slightly impressed, abaxially slightly prominent, and with 1 pair of inconspicuous secondary nerves; cystoliths conspicuous, dense, bacilliform, 0.2-0.4 mm long; petioles 2-6 mm long; stipules narrowly triangular, 0.6-0.8 mm long. Staminate cymes and staminate flowers unknown. Infructescences in pairs or singly axillary, 2-4 mm broad, glabrous, shortly dichotomously branched, at each branch with dense achenes; peduncles slender, 1-11 mm long; bracts linear or deltoid, 0.2-0.5 mm long. Achenes sessile or very shortly pedicellate, greenish, biconvex, long ovate or long elliptic, ca. 1 mm×0.5-0.6 mm, glabrous, sparsely minutely verruculose, usually on each side with 4-10 bacilliform cystoliths; persistent tepals 3, strongly unequal in size, dark-green, glabrous, dorsal tepal navicular-oblong, 0.6-0.7 mm long, abaxially without any projection, apex acuminate and with white margin, two lateral tepals triangular, ca. 0.25 mm long.

本种在亲缘关系方面与亚东冷水花(PileayadongensisW.T.Wang)甚为相近，与后者的区别在于本种的叶片较小，长达15 mm，宽达10 mm，边缘每侧有1～2小牙齿，背生花被片背面无任何突起。在亚东冷水花，叶片较大，长及宽均达18 mm，边缘每侧有1～5小牙齿，背生花被片在背面顶端之下有一乳头状突起[3]。

本种的瘦果常在每侧具4～10枚杆状钟乳体(图1：J)，这种情况在荨麻科中罕见，是我数十年研究荨麻科植物过程中首次看到的瘦果具钟乳体现象。

致谢深切感谢钟小红女士打印本文稿件。

1.陈家瑞.中国荨麻科冷水花属的研究[J].植物研究，1982，2(3)：1-132.

2.陈家瑞.Pilea[M].//王文采，陈家瑞.中国植物志:第23卷第2册.北京：科学出版社，1995：57-156.

3.王文采.西藏荨麻科二新种[J].植物科学学报，2014，32(1)：24-26.

4.Chen C J，Monro A K.Pilea[M].//Wu Z Y，Raven P H.Flora of China.Beijing：Science Press，Missouri：Missouri Botanical Garden Press，2003：76-189.

5.Chen C J，Monro A K，Chen L.Name changes for ChinesePilea(Urticaceae)[J].Novon，2007，17(1)：24-26.

6.Monro A K，Wei Y G，Chen C J.Three new species ofPilea(Urticaceae) from limestone karst in China[J].PhytoKeys，2012，19：51-66.

NotesonthegenusPilea(Urticaceae)ofChina

WANG Wen-Tsai

(State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany,Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Scienses,Beijing 100093)

In the present paper, two species of the genusPilea(Urticaceae) are described as new, two new combinations for the two subspecies ofPileagracilisare made, supplementary descriptions forP.shizongensisandP.racemiformisare given, and new distribution records forP.shizongensis,P.lomatogramma,P.racemiformisandP.peltatavar.ovatifoliaare provided.

Urticaceae;Pilea;new species;new combination;supplementary description;new distribution record;China

王文采(1926—)，男，研究员，中国科学院院士，从事有花植物分类学研究。

2016-03-09

Q949.737.5

A

10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2016.04.002