李鹏+张聪+刘晓瑜+杨经绥+符义稳
摘 要:拉萨地体普遍出露一套角闪岩相、局部达麻粒岩相的变质岩系, 以往的区域地质研究普遍认为这套变质岩为拉萨地体的前寒武纪变质基底, 称之为念青唐古拉岩群。尽管现有的研究认为念青唐古拉岩群经历了前寒武纪变质作用,但部分地区仍缺少令人信服的岩石学及地质年代学证据。通过对拉萨地体北部多巴地区出露的片麻岩进行岩石学及矿物学研究,认为其为一套经历角闪岩相变质作用的中级变质岩系,主要岩石类型有云母片岩和含石榴石黑云母斜长片麻岩。矿物电子探针分析表明,组成岩石的石榴石、长石、黑云母等矿物均为变质成因矿物。石榴石无明显核边分带结构,成分相对均一。利用传统矿物对温压计进行了温压条件估算,得到640 ℃~660 ℃和0.60~0.67 GPa的角闪岩相变质温压条件。首次利用LA-ICP-MS方法对该区花岗质片麻岩中的锆石进行年代学研究,得到(847.0±5.7)Ma的新元古代变质年龄,可与该区域念青唐古拉岩群的变质时代对比,为该片麻岩归入念青唐古拉岩群提供了切实可靠的年代学证据。
关键词:变质作用;花岗质片麻岩;温压条件;新元古代;锆石年代学;念青唐古拉岩群;拉萨地体;西藏
中图分类号:P588.34 文献标志码:A
文章编号:1672-6561(2016)05-0601-11
Abstract: A suit of metamorphic rocks, which experience amphibolite and partly granulite facies metamorphism exposes on Lhasa block, are recognized as the basement of Lhasa block and named as Nyainqentanglha Group in the former literatures. Although the rocks are thought to be part of Nyainqentanglha Group, however, it is still lack of reliable geochronological data in some area. By means of the petrological and mineralogical investigations on the gneisses exposed in Duoba area of the north part of Lhasa block, it shows that the gneiss suit is composed of mica schist and garnet-bearing plagioclase gneiss, which has experienced amphibolite facies metamorphism. The garnet in the gneiss with homogeneous composition does not have core-rim structure. The traditional mineral-pair geothermobarometer shows that the metamorphic pressure-temperature conditions are 640 ℃-660 ℃ and 0.60-0.67 GPa, which belong to amphibolite facies metamorphism. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating technique is used for the first time to date the metamorphic age of the gneiss in Duoba area and yield the Proterozoic metamorphic age of (847.0±5.7)Ma, which can be compared with Nyainqentanglha Group in the area, exhibiting strong evidence that the gneiss in Duoba area is also part of Nyainqentanglha Group.
Key words: metamorphism; granitic gneiss; pressure-temperature conditions; Neoproterozoic; zircon geochronology; Nyainqentanglha Group; Lhasa block; Tibet
0 引 言
青藏高原自北向南由松潘—甘孜地体、羌塘地体、拉萨地体和喜马拉雅造山带组成[1-2]。位于欧亚大陆南边缘的拉萨地体蕴含着丰富的大陆裂解、漂移、聚合以及碰撞造山作用相关的构造运动、岩浆活动和变质作用的地球动力学信息,吸引了国内外众多研究者的关注[1,3-6]。拉萨地体位于欧亚板块的南端,在新生代与印度大陆的碰撞形成了喜马拉雅造山带[4-5],因此,拉萨地体的演化过程是揭示青藏高原形成和演化历史的关键问题之一。拉萨地体中的中、高级变质岩被前人认为是前寒武纪变质基底,并被称为念青唐古拉岩群[7-12]。但近年来的研究表明,拉萨地体经历了多期次不同类型的变质作用,按照变质程度的不同,自北向南可划分为4个变质带:北部的安多高压变质带,形成于早侏罗世的陆-陆碰撞造山过程中;中部的纳木错高压变质带,形成于晚新元古代洋壳俯冲过程中;南、北拉萨地体之间的松多高压变质带,形成于晚古生代的洋壳俯冲至早中生代陆-陆碰撞造山带过程中;南部的冈底斯高温/中压复合变质带,形成于中、新生代的洋壳俯冲到陆-陆碰撞造山过程中[13]。因此,部分学者将前寒武纪变质基底“念青唐古拉岩群”以不同时代、不同构造为依据划分为“那果岩群”、“松多岩群”以及“林芝岩群”[14]。