钱 飞 徐 欣 冯 轲 付 强
云南省玉溪市人民医院普外一科(昆明医科大学第六附属医院),云南昆明653100
改良右半结肠切除术并顺行性淋巴结清扫治疗右半结肠癌的效果分析
钱飞徐欣▲冯轲付强
云南省玉溪市人民医院普外一科(昆明医科大学第六附属医院),云南昆明653100
目的研究改良右半结肠切除术并顺行性淋巴结清扫治疗右半结肠癌的效果。方法选取我院2010年1月~2011年1月期间收治的右半结肠癌患者100例,根据随机数字表法分为改良组和传统组。传统组采取传统手术方式治疗,改良组采取改良右半结肠切除术并顺行性淋巴结清扫治疗。比较两组患者手术操作时间、淋巴结清扫量、术中总出血量、淋巴结转移复发率和腹膜种植复发率、并发症发生率、5年生存率。结果改良组淋巴结转移复发率和腹膜种植复发率、并发症发生率明显低于传统组,5年生存率明显高于传统组(P<0.05)。改良组患者淋巴结清扫量稍多于传统组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。改良组患者手术操作时间、术中总出血量均少于传统组(P<0.05)。结论改良右半结肠切除术并顺行性淋巴结清扫治疗右半结肠癌的效果确切,符合无瘤操作原则,可降低复发率,提高远期生存率,对患者预后有益,值得借鉴。
改良右半结肠切除术;顺行性淋巴结清扫;右半结肠癌;出血量;腹膜种植复发率
[Abstract]Objective To study the effects of modified right hemicolectomy combined with anterograde clearance of lymph nodes in the treatment of right hemicolon carcinoma.Methods A total of 100 patients with right hemicolectomy who were admitted to our hospital from January 2010 to January 2011 were selected.They were assigned to two groups,modified group and traditional group,according to the random number table.The traditional group was given traditional surgical procedures for the treatment;the modified group was given modified right hemicolectomy combined with anterograde clearance of lymph nodes for the treatment.Surgical time,amount of cleaned lymph nodes,total amount of bleeding during surgery,relapse rates of lymphatic metastasis and peritoneal implantation,incidence rate of complications and five-year survival rate were compared between the two groups of patients.Results Relapse rates of lymphatic metastasis and peritoneal implantation,and incidence rate of complications were significantly lower than those in the traditional group,and the five-year survival rate was significantly higher than that in the traditional group(P<0.05).The amount of cleaned lymph nodes in the modified group was slightly more than that in the traditional group,but there was no significant difference(P>0.05).Surgical time,and total amount of bleeding during surgery in the modified group were both lower or shorter than those in the traditional group(P<0.05).Conclusion Modified right hemicolectomy combined with anterograde clearance of lymph nodes in the treatment of right hemicolon carcinoma has exact effects,which is in accordance with the non-tumor operating principle.This procedure is able to reduce the relapse rate and improve longterm survival rate,which is beneficial to patients'prognosis and worthy of practice.
[Key words]Modified right hemicolectomy;Anterograde clearance of lymph nodes;Right hemicolon carcinoma;Amount of bleeding;Relapse rate of peritoneal implantation
结肠癌为结肠部位常见恶性肿瘤,早期多以消化不良、腹胀为主要表现,随着病情进展可出现黏液脓性血便、腹痛等症状,对患者生存质量造成严重影响[1,2]。手术是治疗右半结肠癌的有效方法,在病灶切除的同时辅以淋巴结清扫可提高疗效,本研究探讨改良右半结肠切除术并顺行性淋巴结清扫治疗右半结肠癌的效果,现报道如下。
1.1一般资料
选取我院2010年1月~2011年1月期间收治的右半结肠癌患者100例,根据随机数字表法分为改良组和传统组。50例传统组患者中:男36例,女14例。年龄最小38岁,最大60岁,平均(46.61±4.36)岁。Dukes分期中(A期:癌瘤限于肠壁,未超出浆膜层。B期:癌瘤虽已超出浆膜层,但尚无局部淋巴结转移。C期:癌瘤已超出浆膜,且已有局部淋巴结转移)A期13例,B期20例,C期17例。50例改良组患者中:男35例,女15例。年龄最小36岁,最大60岁,平均(46.24±4.17)岁。Dukes分期中,A期13例,B期21例,C期16例。两组患者年龄、性别、分期等资料经检验差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2方法
所有患者术前给予纠正贫血、水电解质和酸碱失衡、低蛋白血症、营养支持、胃肠减压、肠道准备等。
传统组采取传统手术方式治疗,先经腹直肌切口暴露右侧结肠,于回肠末端以及横结肠中段切开系膜,分离回结肠、结肠静脉、结肠右侧、中动脉右侧分支,后结扎并切断。在升结肠外侧切开腹膜和肝结肠韧带,将结肠肝曲分离,后切开胃结肠韧带右侧,分离横结肠右段,将标本清除,闭合结肠系膜,关腹[3]。
改良组采取改良右半结肠切除术并顺行性淋巴结清扫治疗。以右侧旁正中切口开腹探查,将横结肠切断,将结肠系膜剪开,对胃结肠韧带进行游离。将小肠切断,沿着肠系膜上血管向上进行游离至胰腺下缘,将血管切断,对右半结肠进行游离并切除标本,重建消化道,置管并清点关腹。在根部将胃网膜右动脉结扎切断,在胰腺钩状突左侧显露胃结肠静脉干,从根部结扎切断,沿着胰腺下缘向左分离,于接近结肠中动脉右侧显露肠系膜上静脉,经血管壁外所有组织剥除,并将结肠中静脉结扎和切断。向右将肠系膜上静脉牵开,触诊协助下于静脉左后将肠系膜上动脉外膜打开,将结肠中动脉右支结扎切断,确定横结肠系膜切离线。触诊、视诊配合下分别肠系膜上动脉和静脉走行,并沿着肠系膜上动静脉向远侧剥离,于动脉和静脉右侧边将右结肠动静脉和回结肠动静脉分别结扎切断[4-6]。
1.3观察指标
比较两组患者手术操作时间、淋巴结清扫量、术中总出血量、淋巴结转移和腹膜种植复发率、并发症发生率、5年生存率。
1.4统计学处理
采用SPSS21.0统计学软件处理数据,计数资料以%表示,采用χ2检验。计量资料以(x±s)表示,采用t检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2.1两组患者手术操作时间、淋巴结清扫量、术中总出血量比较
改良组患者淋巴结清扫量稍多于传统组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。改良组患者手术操作时间、术中总出血量均少于传统组(P<0.05)。见表1。
表1 两组患者手术操作时间、淋巴结清扫量、术中总出血量比较(x±s)
2.2两组患者淋巴结转移复发率和腹膜种植复发率、并发症发生率、5年生存率比较
改良组淋巴结转移复发率和腹膜种植复发率、并发症发生率明显低于传统组,5年生存率明显高于传统组(P<0.05)。见表2、3。其中,改良组感染、脏器损伤分别为2例、1例,发生率6.00%;传统组感染4例,脏器损伤8例和出血2例,发生率28.00%。经抗感染治疗、积极止血等处理均治愈。
表2 两组患者淋巴结转移复发率和腹膜种植复发率、5年生存率比较[n(%)]
表3 两组患者并发症发生率比较[n(%)]
结肠癌为结肠黏膜上皮处常见恶性病变,在男性中老年人中多发。多数患者确诊时为晚期,手术难度加大[7],加上右半结肠结构复杂和淋巴结清扫范围广,更加大了手术难度。结肠癌患者死亡主要因素为淋巴结转移复发,因而,为了有效提升患者生存率,需控制术后复发率。传统手术是先将右半结肠系膜分离,并将系膜血管切断结扎,对淋巴结进行清扫,容易导致腹膜转移和血液转移,影响治疗效果[8-10]。而改良右半结肠切除术则是在传统方法上进行改良,从内而外进行操作,避免肿瘤细胞通过血液转移,可彻底切除肿瘤。手术过程均从血管根部切断,并同时将右侧结肠、系膜前后叶等切除,可将肿瘤所在部位淋巴结彻底清除,预防肿瘤组织散播[11,12]。顺行性淋巴结清扫从中枢向末梢清扫,根据隔离、不接触原则先对血管根部进行处理,避免因术中挤压肿瘤而导致癌细胞脱落造成腹腔种植转移。这种术式因先处理血管,右半结肠切除变得简单,不容易导致输尿管和精索或卵巢动静脉损伤,容易整块切除,可更好预防复发[13-15]。
本研究中,传统组采取传统手术方式治疗,改良组采取改良右半结肠切除术并顺行性淋巴结清扫治疗。结果显示,改良组淋巴结转移复发率和腹膜种植复发率、并发症发生率明显低于传统组,5年生存率明显高于传统组,改良组患者淋巴结清扫量稍多于传统组,手术操作时间、术中总出血量均少于传统组,说明改良右半结肠切除术并顺行性淋巴结清扫治疗右半结肠癌的效果确切,符合无瘤操作原则,可降低复发率和提高远期生存率,对患者预后有益,值得借鉴。
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Analysis of the effects of modified right hemicolectomy combined with anterograde clearance of lymph nodes in the treatment of right hemicolon carcinoma
QIAN FeiXU XinFENG KeFU Qiang
No.1 Department of General Surgery,Yuxi People's Hospital,Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University,Kunming653100,China
R735.35
B
1673-9701(2016)24-0038-03
2016-05-26)