周易 吕世杰 王兰君 范丽昕#
1大连市第三人民医院肿瘤内科,大连 116031
2大连市妇产医院妇产科,大连 116033
3大连市友谊医院神经内科,大连 116100
胃癌HER-2表达与术后辅助化疗疗效的相关性分析
周易1吕世杰2王兰君3范丽昕1#
1大连市第三人民医院肿瘤内科,大连116031
2大连市妇产医院妇产科,大连116033
3大连市友谊医院神经内科,大连116100
目的通过总结胃癌术后辅助化疗病例及HER-2表达情况,探讨HER-2表达与胃癌术后辅助化疗疗效之间的相关性。方法回顾性分析185例胃癌术后辅助化疗患者资料,总结其病理特点、HER-2表达状况及无疾病进展生存(DFS)、总生存(OS),分析HER-2与临床病理特点及DFS、OS的关系。结果185例胃癌患者中,HER-2阴性141例,阳性44例,阳性率24%。HER-2基因的扩增与肿瘤部位、肿瘤的分化程度及远处转移部位相关,与年龄、性别、分期无关;HER-2阳性组中位DFS为9.1个月,中位OS为15.1个月,HER-2阴性组中位DFS为15.2个月,中位OS为25.5个月,HER-2阴性的患者较HER-2阳性的患者更能从术后辅助化疗中获益(P=0.046),并且生存期更长(P=0.01)。结论HER-2无扩增的患者可从术后辅助治疗中获益,DFS与OS均有延长。
胃癌;术后辅助化疗;HER-2;无疾病进展生存
Oncol Prog,2016,14(3)
胃癌是威胁人类健康的恶性肿瘤之一,其发病率及病死率居恶性肿瘤第2位[1-4],其治疗方法主要为手术治疗。然而,单纯手术一般仅对于早期患者是根治性的,对于进展期可切除的患者,生存率仍较低。围手术期和辅助治疗方法为患者带来了不同程度的临床获益,但没有标准治疗方法[5-7]。胃癌分子病因学的研究进展促进了靶向治疗的研究。其中一个靶点是人表皮生长因子受体2(HER-2)膜受体,它在乳腺癌[8]、卵巢癌[9-10]、子宫内膜癌[11]和唾液腺癌[12]中是一个预后不良的标志物。在胃癌中,已报道的通过荧光原位杂交法(FISH)检测的HER-2基因扩增率及通过免疫组化(IHC)检测的蛋白过表达率范围很大,为5%~53%[13]。有关胃癌中HER-2的预后预测价值的报道仍存在争议[14-18]。一项国际多中心随机对照Ⅲ期临床研究(ToGA试验)的结果显示在胃癌中HER-2是临床上一个重要的药物靶点,但关于HER-2作为一个在没有系统治疗的情况下的预后标志物的价值尚未达成共识,同样关于HER-2是否可作为系统治疗的疗效预测标志物也尚无一致结论。本文通过回顾性分析大连市第三人民医院2003—2013年收治的胃癌术后辅助化疗患者共185例,来探讨HER-2基因表达与胃癌术后辅助化疗疗效及总生存的关系。
1.1研究对象
选取我院2003—2013年收治的胃癌患者病例211例,所有患者均于我院行胃癌根治术,手术病理证实,经免疫组化或FISH检测明确HER-2基因状态,术后3个月内行辅助化疗,至少4周期。其中随访资料不足,HER-2基因不明确,分期为Ⅰ期未行术后辅助化疗及化疗周期数不足4周期病例26例,可用病例185例。其中男性102例,女性83例;年龄22~81岁;术后分期:Ⅱ期54例,Ⅲ期131例;肿瘤部位:胃食管结合部70例,胃体37例,胃窦78例;分化程度:低分化88例,中分化27例,高分化4例,印戒及黏液腺癌66例。化疗方案包括氟尿嘧啶联合顺铂(FP),奥沙利铂联合卡培他滨(XELOX),奥沙利铂联合氟尿嘧啶、亚叶酸钙(FOLFOX4、FOLFOX6),表阿霉素联合氟尿嘧啶、顺铂(ECF)以及氟尿嘧啶衍生物的单药治疗。
1.2HER-2结果判定
1.2.1免疫组化法检测手术标本HER-2评分根据胃癌HER-2检测指南[19]:①0:无反应或小于10%的肿瘤细胞染色;②(+):≥10%的肿瘤细胞微弱或隐约可见膜染色,仅有部分细胞膜染色;③(++):≥10%的肿瘤细胞有较弱至中度的基底侧膜、侧膜或完全性膜染色;④(+++):≥10%的肿瘤细胞基底侧膜、侧膜或完全性膜强染色。0及(+)的病例判断为HER-2阴性,(+++)的病例判断为HER-2阳性,(++)的病例判断为不确定,需进一步行FISH检测,如FISH检测阳性,判断为HER-2阳性,如FISH检测阴性则判断为HER-2阴性。
1.2.2FISH检测HER-2基因扩增判读方法参照ToGA研究经验[20]。观察时避免计数重叠的细胞核、分裂期的细胞核或被截断的细胞核,避免计数不显示任何信号的细胞核和仅显示一种颜色信号的细胞核。选择扩增程度最高的区域,至少20个连续肿瘤细胞核进行双色信号的计数和比值计算,HER-2信号总数与CEP17信号总数的比值≥2.2,判断为原位杂交阳性,即有扩增;众多信号连接成簇或HER-2与CEP17信号比值>20时可不计算比值,判断为原位杂交阳性;HER-2信号总数与CEP17信号总数的比值<1.8,判断为原位杂交阴性,即无扩增。HER-2与CEP17信号比值为1.8~2.2时,再计数20个细胞的信号或由另一位医师计数,若比值≥2.0判断为原位杂交阳性,比值<2.0判断为原位杂交阴性。
1.3随访
所有患者治疗结束后每3个月随访一次,直至病情进展或死亡。随访内容包括症状、体征、肝肾功能及采用超声、CT以及MRI、ECT、PET-CT等评价患者是否出现复发转移。
1.4统计学方法
采用SPSS 18.0统计软件进行统计分析,将所有数据录入数据库,计数资料采用χ2检验,并采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线进行统计分析,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2.1HER-2在胃癌中的表达与临床特征的关系
185例胃癌患者中,HER-2阴性141例,阳性44例,阳性率24%。HER-2基因的扩增与肿瘤原发部位、肿瘤的分化程度及复发转移的部位相关,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),与年龄、性别、分期无关,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(表1)
表1 胃癌患者手术标本HER-2表达与患者临床特征的关系
2.2HER-2表达与术后辅助化疗疗效的相关性
HER-2阳性组中位无疾病进展生存(disease free survival,DFS)为9.1个月,明显短于HER-2阴性组的15.2个月,两组差异具有统计学意义(P=0.046),见图1。
2.3HER-2表达与总生存(over survival,OS)的相关性
HER-2阳性组中位OS为15.1个月,明显短于HER-2阴性组的25.5个月,两组差异具有统计学意义(P=0.01),见图2。
图1 HER-2表达情况与DFS的生存曲线
图2 HER-2表达情况与OS的生存曲线
胃癌是我国常见的消化道恶性肿瘤之一,其病死率位于恶性肿瘤的第2位[1-4]。HER-2基因的扩增与胃癌的发生发展密切相关。HER-2基因是HER家族的一员,HER-2蛋白的过表达或者基因的扩增被认为是促进肿瘤发展的重要因素。HER-2的突变可激活HER-2基因,使多种细胞发生恶性转化或增加其恶性程度。HER-2的突变多在外显子20,Wang等[21]认为,HER-2的突变包含1个G776插入到外显子20,突变体HER-2比野生型HER-2能更有效地激活信号转导、磷酸化表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)、诱导肿瘤的形成和扩散。据报道,10%~34%的侵袭性乳腺癌中存在HER-2蛋白的过表达和(或)HER-2基因的过度扩增,且HER-2蛋白的过表达与乳腺癌患者的不良预后有关[22]。此外HER-2蛋白的过表达可能是导致化疗和内分泌治疗乳腺癌不敏感的潜在因素。HER-2除了在乳腺癌中存在过表达外,在食管癌、胃癌、结直肠癌、肺腺癌等多种癌组织中均发现HER-2的过表达[23-26]。
研究报道胃癌的HER-2蛋白阳性过表达率为8.2%~45%[27],本研究结果HER-2阳性表达率为24%,与相关的研究结果相符合。相关临床病理结果显示HER-2的表达与肿瘤的部位、分化程度、分期及远处转移相关,HER-2阳性患者胃癌发生部位以近端胃为主(48%),分化程度多为中高分化及低分化(分别为34%及36%),远处转移以肝脏及其他远处转移为主(分别为47%及77%)。HER-2阴性患者肿瘤发生部位以远端胃为主(48%),印戒及黏液腺癌所占比例较高(38%),转移部位多为腹膜及淋巴结(分别为78%及84%)。HER-2的表达与年龄、性别、分期无关,这与相关研究相一致[28-31],但也有些报道不相符,可能为样本量较小以及均为术后辅助治疗病理而造成的偏倚,有待进一步的验证。关于HER-2表达与预后的关系,本研究显示HER-2表达与患者预后相关,HER-2阴性患者DFS延长(P=0.046),OS延长(P=0.01),更能从辅助化疗中获益。这一结论国内外报道仍有争议,可能与化疗方案的不同相关,多位学者报道HER-2并非胃癌独立的不良预后因素[32-41]。但Gordon等[42]报道称HER-2的表达与胃癌术后辅助化疗的获益相关,HER-2阴性的患者更能从术后辅助化疗中获益,包括DFS与OS,这与本文的结论相一致。因目前类似报道仍较少,且本研究样本量较少,需进一步深入研究。
胃癌的发生、发展过程复杂,与癌基因的激活、抑癌基因的失活相关,寻找与胃癌发生、发展及预后相关的生物学指标,检测癌基因及抑癌基因的表达产物对胃癌的影响,有助于胃癌的早期发现及诊断,并为胃癌的靶向治疗提供方向。HER-2是促进胃癌发生发展的重要因素之一,评估HER-2与胃癌发生的作用机制以及相关临床治疗需要进一步的深入研究。针对HER-2过表达的相关分子靶向药物曲妥珠单抗问世并成功应用于乳腺癌的治疗,相关的ToGA试验证明曲妥珠单抗联合化疗药物治疗晚期胃癌取得了明显的疗效,死亡风险下降26%,中位生存期由11.1个月提高到13.8个月[20]。这一研究成为了晚期胃癌靶向治疗的里程碑。曲妥珠单抗被应用于乳腺癌HER-2阳性患者的辅助治疗后,被多项研究证实可以显著提高乳腺癌手术患者的DFS与OS。未来,抗HER-2靶向治疗在可手术胃癌患者辅助治疗中的价值、在围手术期化疗中的价值、在进展期胃癌维持治疗中的价值均有待进一步的研究。
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Association between HER-2 expression and the efficacy of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in gastric carcinoma
ZHOU Yi1LV Shi-jie2WANG Lan-jun3FAN Li-xin1#
1Department of Medical Oncology,the Third Hospital of Dalian,Dalian 116031,China
2Department of Obstetrics andGynecology,Dalian Maternity Hospital,Dalian 116033,China
3Department of Neurology,the Youyi Hospital of Dalian,Dalian 116100,China
objectiveTo analyze the patients with gastric carcinoma who received adjuvant chemotherapy after surgical resection,and to evaluate the correlation between the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy and HER-2 expression.Method185 cases of gastric cancer that were administered with postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy were analyzed retrospectively.The clinicopathological features,HER-2 expression,disease-free survival(DFS),overall survival(OS)were summarized,and the association between efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy and HER-2 expression was investigated.ResultOf the 185 cases,141 were HER-2 negative(-),44 were HER-2 positive(+),with a positive rate of 24%.The HER-2 overexpression was closely related with tumor location,degree of differentiation and distant metastases,though no significant association with age,sex and TNM stage was observed.The DFS and median OS in the group of HER-2(+)were 9.1 months and 15.1 months,and were 15.2 months and 25.5 months in the group of HER-2(-)(P=0.046),respectively.Patients with HER-2(-)may benefit more from postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy compared with those with HER-2 (+),and the OS is comparatively longer(P=0.01).ConclusionPatients lacking HER-2 amplification may benefit from postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with extended DFS and OS.
gastric carcinoma;adjuvant chemotherapy;HER-2;DFS
R735.2
A
10.11877/j.issn.1672-1535.2016.14.03.12
2015-11-02)
(corresponding author),邮箱:luckyflx@126.com