钓鱼城

钓鱼城

钓鱼城：世界中古史上的英雄名城

钓鱼城屹立在重庆市合川区东城半岛的钓鱼山上，枕嘉陵江、涪江、渠江交汇之口，三面据江，危崖拔地，是迄今我国保存最完好的古战场遗址。

宋蒙（元）战争时期，四川安抚制置使兼知重庆府余玠为抗击蒙古军队的进攻，采纳播州（今贵州遵义）冉琎、冉璞兄弟的谋略筑城钓鱼山，并徙合州及石照县治于其上，屯兵积粮，以作重庆屏障。

从公元1243年到1279年，南宋合州军民在守将王坚、张珏的率领下，凭藉钓鱼城天险，婴城固守，浴血奋战，历经大小战斗200余次，抵御了当时世界上最强大的军事力量—蒙（元）精锐之师，创造了守城抗战36年这一古今中外战争史上罕见的奇迹。公元1259年，蒙哥大汗（元宪宗）在钓鱼城下战死，致使蒙古汗国从欧亚战场全面撤军。钓鱼城由此以“延续宋祚，缓解欧亚战祸，阻止蒙古向非洲扩张”的丰功伟绩震惊了世界。

在2.5平方公里的主景区内，现留存有8公里的城坦、8座城门、炮台、水军码头、兵工坊、暗道出口、军营较场、天池泉井等南宋军事及生活设施遗址；有远古遗迹的钓鱼台、唐代悬空卧佛、千佛崖、弥勒站佛、800年古桂树、天泉洞、薄刀岭、三龟石、护国寺、忠义祠、三圣岩、鱼山八景等名胜古迹。

1982年，钓鱼城被国务院公布为第一批国家级风景名胜区，1996年又被国务院公布为第四批全国重点文物保护单位，是重庆市唯一的同时拥有国家级风景名胜区、全国重点文物保护单位殊荣的景区。目前，钓鱼城已进入世界文化遗产申报名录、正创建国家5A级景区。

Diaoyucheng Fortree Relics: the famous city in the medieval history in the world

Diaoyucheng Fortree Relics stands erect on the Diaoyu Mountain of the Dongcheng peninsular of Chongqing’s Hechuan district, and it is situated in the confl uence mouth of Jialing River, Fujiang River and Qujiang River. With rivers surrounding three sides, dangerous cliffs rising, it is the best-reserved site of ancient battlefi eld of China so far.

In time of Hezhou war in Yuan dynasty, Yujie, the military commissioner of Sichuan in the mansion of Chongqing had adopted the strategy of Ranjin and Ranpu of Bozhou state (now referred to as Zunyi of Guizhou province) to build fortification in Diaoyu Mountain, and move Hezhou state to Shizhao county to station troops and amass food, forming the barrier of Chongqing in order to resist the attack of the army of Mongolia.

From A.D. 1243 to 1279, under the leadership of the commanding general Wangjian and Zhangjue, relying on the natural barrier of Diaoyucheng Fortree Relics, the soldiers and people of Hezhou state in the Southern Song Dynasty had defended tenaciously and fought a bloody battle and suffered from more than 200 battles, finally withstanding the elite army of Mongolia, the most powerful military force in the world at that time, and creating a rare miracle in the war history at all times and in all over the world by defending the city and resisting war for 36 years. In A.D. 1259, Mongol great khan (Yuan Xianzong) died in battle under the Diaoyucheng Fortree Relics, which led to the comprehensive troop withdrawal of Mongolia from the Eurasian battlefield. Therefore, Diaoyucheng Fortree Relics has shocked the world by the virtue of the great achievement to “continue Songzuo and relieve the Eurasian disaster of war, and prevent the expansion to Africa from Mongolia”. Within the main scenic spot of 2.5 square kilometers, there are still some sites of military and domestic installation of Southern Song Dynasty, such as, 8-kilometer city wall, 8 city gates, battery, water army wharf, ordnance workshop, exit of blind pass, military drill ground, Tianchi, artesian well and so on; besides, there is a fishing terrace with ancient vestigial, reclining Buddha hanging in the air of Tang Dynasty, thousand-Buddha cliff, Maitreya standing Buddha, ancient cherry bay with a history of 800 years, Tianquan cave, Bodao mountain range, Sangui Stone, Huguo Temple, Zhongyi ancestral temple, Sansheng cliff, 8 landscapes of Yushan mountain and other scenic spots and historic sites.

In 1982, the Diaoyucheng Fortree Relics was publicized to be the first-batch of national scenic area by the State Council, and was publicized to be the fourth-batch of major historical and cultural site protected at the national level by the State Council in 1996. It is the only one scenic spot in Chongqing that has the laurel of both national level scenic spot and major historical and cultural site protected at the national level. At present, Diaoyucheng Fortree Relics has entered into the World Cultural Heritage Declaring List, and now it’s on the way establishing national 5A scenic spot.

涞滩古镇：中国首批历史文化名镇

涞滩古镇位于合川城区东北28公里的涞滩镇，山环水抱，景色秀美，历史悠久，文化昌明。它是中国首批历史文化名镇、全国重点文物保护单位、国家4A级旅游景区、中国最美丽村镇。2013年作为中国八大古镇之一入选《中国古镇》特种邮票，被誉为国家名片。

涞滩于宋代建镇，三面悬崖峭壁，具有“一夫当关，万夫莫开”的险要之势。整个古镇融古街、古佛、古瓮于一体，是典型的山寨式场镇格局。镇内明清时期小青瓦房高低错落，尺度适宜的石街小巷显得古朴典雅，清代建筑文昌宫保存完好，古戏楼外栏木刻浮雕令人叹为观止。清同治元年增修的瓮城为重庆唯一，具有关门打狗、瓮中捉鳖的御敌功效。镇内还有回龙庙、张爷庙等遗址和九宫十八庙的美丽传说。