伍庆华 延丽萍.山东省东营市人民医:肾内科,山东东营57000;.山东省东营市人民医:门诊部,山东东营57000
猪苓汤与小蓟饮子治疗湿热型IgA肾病的临床效果
伍庆华1延丽萍2
1.山东省东营市人民医:肾内科,山东东营257000;2.山东省东营市人民医:门诊部,山东东营257000
目的探讨猪苓汤联合小蓟饮子治疗湿热型IgA肾病的临床效果。方法分析2010年2月~2015年2月山东省东营市人民医:肾内科收治的120例湿热型IgA肾病患者的临床资料,依据治疗措施不同分为两组,对照组60例给予强的松基础治疗,观察组60例给予基础治疗+猪苓汤+小蓟饮子联合治疗。观察两组治疗前后24 h尿蛋白定量、内生肌酐清除率(Ccr)、尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(SCr)、α1-微球蛋白(α1-MG)、视黄醇结合蛋白(RBP)、β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)情况,比较两组疗效。结果两组治疗前24 h尿蛋白定量、Ccr、BUN、SCr比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组治疗后24 h尿蛋白定量均显著低于治疗前(P<0.05),Ccr、BUN、SCr与治疗前比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组治疗后24 h尿蛋白定量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),两组治疗后Ccr、BUN、SCr比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组治疗前α1-MG、RBP、β2-MG比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),两组治疗后α1-MG、RBP、β2-MG均显著低于治疗前(P<0.05),且观察组治疗后α1-MG、RBP、β2-MG均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组总有效率(100%)显著高于对照组(85%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论猪苓汤联合小蓟饮子治疗湿热型IgA肾病临床效果良好,肾功能恢复明显,值得临床推广应用。
猪苓汤;小蓟饮子;湿热型IgA肾病
[Abstract]Objective To investigate the c1inica1 effect of Zhu1ing Decoction combined with Xiaoji Drink in the treatment of damp-heat type of IgA nephropathy.Methods The c1inica1 data of 120 cases with damp-heat type IgA nephropathy admitted to Department of Nephro1ogy of Dongying Peop1e′s Hospita1 from February 2010 to February 2015 was ana1yzed,the patients were divided into two groups by different treating methods,60 cases of contro1 group were given basic treatment of Prednisone,60 cases of observation group were given basic treatment+Zhu1ing Decoction +Xiaoji Drink.The conditions of 24 h urine protein quantitation,endogenous creatinine c1earance rate(Ccr),b1ood urea nitrogen(BUN),creatinine(SCr),α1-microg1obu1in(α1-MG),retino1 binding protein(RBP),β2-microg1obu1in(β2-MG) of two groups before and after treatment were observed,the curative effects of the two groups were compared.Results The 1eve1s of 24 h urine protein quantitation,Ccr,BUN,SCr of the two groups before treatment had no statistica11y significant differences(P>0.05),the 1eve1s of 24 h urine protein quantitation of the two groups after treatment were 1ower than those before treatment,the differences were a11 statistica11y significant(P<0.05),the 1eve1s of Ccr,BUN,SCr of the two groups after treatment had no statistica11y significant differences compared with before treatment(P>0.05),the 1eve1 of 24 h urine protein quantitation in the observation group after treatment was significant1y 1ower than that of contro1 group(P<0.05),whi1e there were no statistica11y significant differences of Ccr,BUN,SCr after treatment between the two groups(P>0.05).The 1eve1s of α1-MG,RBP,β2-MG of the two groups before treatment had no statistica11y significant differences(P>0.05),the 1eve1s of α1-MG,RBP,β2-MG of the two groups after treatment were a11 significant1y 1ower than those before treatment(P<0.05),and the 1eve1s of α1-MG,RBP,β2-MG of the observation group after treatment were significant1y 1ower than those of contro1 group(P<0.05).The tota1 effective rate of observation group(100%)was higher than that of contro1 group(85%),the difference was statistica11y significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Zhu1ing Decoction combined with Xiaoji Drink in the treatment of damp-heat type of IgA nephropathy has a good curative effect,the recovery of rena1 function is obvious,which is worthy of c1inica1 promotion and app1ication.
[Key words]Zhu1ing Decoction;Xiaoji Drink;Damp-heat type of IgA nephropathy
湿热型IgA肾病是肾内科常见疾病类型,其主要病理改变为原发性肾小球病变,因多种因素造成肾小球基底膜有免疫复合物沉积,蛋白质漏出,如果蛋白质漏出不能进行纠正,可能继发性地出现水肿、血液高凝[1-2]。中医认为,湿热型IgA肾病中根本原因是肾虚,湿热内蓄,瘀血居多,肾脏毛细血管容易受到损伤,气血不畅、血脉瘀滞[3-4]。本研究通过对湿热型IgA肾病患者的临床资料进行分析,拟探讨猪苓汤与小蓟饮子治疗湿热型IgA肾病的临床效果,现将结果报道如下:
1.1一般资料
选取2010年2月~2015年2月山东省东营市人民医:肾内科收治的120例湿热型IgA肾病患者的临床资料进行分析,依据治疗措施不同进行临床分组,对照组60例,男26例,女34例;年龄27~48岁,平均(42.3±5.0)岁;平均病程(3.5±1.4)年。观察组60例,男25例,女35例;年龄29~49岁,平均(41.5±5.4)岁;平均病程(3.7±1.6)年。两组患者性别、年龄、病程等一般资料比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2方法
对照组:强的松(天津天药药业股份有限公司,生产批号:H20130125)1 mg/(kg·d);潘生丁(山西亚宝药业有限公司,生产批号:H20130212)口服5 mg/kg,3次/d;贝那普利(北京诺华制药有限公司,生产批号:H20130506)10 mg/次,1次/d,连续治疗3个月。观察组在对照组的基础上采用猪苓汤、小蓟饮子联合治疗,两种药物分开应用,两种药物间隔2 h以上,猪苓汤:猪苓9 g、茯苓9 g、泽泻9 g、滑石9 g、阿胶9 g、穿心莲15 g、白花蛇舌草15 g、益母草15 g、三七10 g,温水煎服,2次/d。小蓟饮子:小蓟15 g、生地15 g、藕节10 g、滑石10 g、山栀(炒)9 g、当归尾8 g、蒲黄8 g、淡竹茹8 g、甘草6 g、通草5 g。小蓟饮子随证加减:气血虚者,加用太子参12 g、黄芪15 g;血尿严重患者,加用仙鹤草15 g、白茅根15 g;血热明显者加槐花15 g、地榆15 g。温水煎服,2次/d。
1.3观察指标
1.3.1肾功能观察两组治疗前后24 h尿蛋白定量、内生肌酐清除率(Ccr)、尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(SCr)情况。
1.3.2肾小球损伤观察两组治疗前后α1-微球蛋白(α1-MG)、视黄醇结合蛋白(RBP)、β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)。
1.3.3临床疗效观察两组疗效,依据病情分为痊愈、显效、有效、无效。痊愈:临床表现和临床体征完全消失,蛋白尿、血尿持续性阴性,SCr有所降低;显效:临床表现和临床体征明显缓解,蛋白尿持续减少大于50%,尿中红细胞恢复正常状态,SCr比基础值无明显变化或者升高比例小于50%;有效:临床表现和临床体征明显改善,蛋白尿减少大于25%,尿中红细胞减少大于25%,SCr比基础值升高比例小于100%;无效:上述指标均未达到者[5-6]。总有效=痊愈+显效+有效。
1.4统计学方法
采用统计学软件SPSS 19.0建立数据库,计量资料通过均数±标准差(x±s)表示,采用t检验,计数资料通过百分比表示,采用χ2检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2.1两组治疗前后肾功能情况比较
两组治疗前24 h尿蛋白定量、Ccr、BUN、SCr比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组治疗后24 h尿蛋白定量均显著低于治疗前(P<0.05),Ccr、BUN、SCr与治疗前比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组治疗后24 h尿蛋白定量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),两组治疗后Ccr、BUN、SCr比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表1。
2.2两组治疗前后肾小球损伤情况比较
两组治疗前α1-MG、RBP、β2-MG比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),两组治疗后α1-MG、RBP、β2-MG均显著低于治疗前(P<0.05),且观察组治疗后α1-MG、RBP、β2-MG均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。见表2。
2.3两组临床疗效比较
观察组总有效率显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表3。
湿热型IgA肾病患者的肾小球基底膜往往沉积大量的免疫复合物,机体补体系统被激活,从而造成肾小球、肾小管出现免疫性损伤,毛细血管通透性增加,发生红细胞外漏[7-8]。湿热型IgA肾病属于系膜增生性肾病,其发生机制尚不十分明确,基本上可以分为免疫性发病机制和非免疫性发病机制[9-10]。其中免疫性发病机制是免疫反应引起免疫复合物和补体直接作用于系膜细胞,炎性反应诱发淋巴细胞激活、细胞因子异常性分泌,从而导致系膜细胞和细胞因子相互作用[11-12]。非免疫性机制主要是高灌注血流、血小板功能异常等改变,诱发系膜病理变化[13-14]。系膜细胞不仅具有单核巨噬细胞吞噬效果,同时还有一定的分泌功能,多种因素共同作用,造成B淋巴细胞活跃,分泌出各种不同细胞因子,从而促进系膜细胞异常增生[15-16]。湿热型IgA肾病会导致肾小球硬化和纤维化,从而最终出现肾功能衰竭[17-18]。
猪苓汤首次见于《伤寒论》,被称为阳明病,若脉浮、发热、渴欲饮水、小便不利,猪苓汤主之,另有阳明病,汗多胃中燥者,猪苓汤复利其小便[19-20]。猪苓汤主治阴虚水热互结,临床症状主要是发热、渴欲饮水、心烦失眠、小便不利[21-22]。方中猪苓淡渗利水,水湿沿着小便而排出,茯苓、泽泻可以有效辅助猪苓发挥利水渗湿功效,滑石可去湿热,阿胶则滋阴润燥,诸药合用可利水清热、滋阴养阴。另外方中还加入了益母草、三七、穿心莲等。益母草中的主要成分是益母草碱、水苏碱、益母草定等生物碱,可以显著降低血浆黏稠度。
表1 两组治疗前后肾功能情况比较(±s)
表1 两组治疗前后肾功能情况比较(±s)
注:Ccr:肌酐清除率;BUN:尿素氮;SCr:血肌酐
组别例数24 h尿蛋白定量(g/L)治疗前治疗后t值P值Ccr(mL/min)治疗前治疗后t值P值对照组观察组t值P值60 60 11.1±2.0 10.8±2.1 0.80>0.05 3.1±0.8 1.3±0.2 16.91<0.05 28.77 34.88<0.05<0.05 71.9±8.2 72.3±7.9 0.27>0.05 72.5±8.5 72.6±8.7 0.06>0.05 0.39 0.20>0.05>0.05组别例数BUN(mmo1/L)治疗前治疗后t值P值SCr(μmo1/L)治疗前治疗后t值P值对照组观察组t值P值60 60 8.0±3.1 8.1±3.3 0.17>0.05 8.1±2.9 8.2±3.2 0.18>0.05 0.18 0.17>0.05>0.05 129.8±30.2 132.4±29.6 0.48>0.05 133.4±33.6 138.9±35.2 0.88>0.05 0.62 1.09>0.05>0.05
表2 两组治疗前后肾小球损伤情况比较(μg/L,±s)
表2 两组治疗前后肾小球损伤情况比较(μg/L,±s)
注:α1-MG:α1微球蛋白;RBP:视黄醇结合蛋白;β2-MG:β2微球蛋白
组别例数α1-MG治疗前治疗后t值P值RBP治疗前治疗后t值P值β2-MG治疗前治疗后t值P值对照组观察组t值P值60 60 32.3±10.6 31.9±9.8 0.21>0.05 13.1±4.8 9.3±2.2 5.57<0.05 12.78 17.43<0.05<0.05 909.8±158.6 935.4±160.1 0.88>0.05 398.5±101.5 252.4±87.7 8.44<0.05 21.03 28.98<0.05<0.05 609.5±270.1 598.9±255.1 0.22>0.05 256.4±99.8 155.7±80.2 6.09<0.05 9.50 12.84<0.05<0.05
组别例数痊愈显效有效无效总有效率(%)对照组观察组χ2值P值60 60 12 20 15 24 24 16 9 0 85 100 16.22<0.05
小蓟饮子,中医方剂名,为理血剂,具有凉血止血、利水通淋之功效,主治热结下焦之血淋、尿血。临床表现为尿中带血、小便频数、赤涩热痛、舌红、脉数,常用于治疗急性泌尿系感染、泌尿系结石等属下焦瘀热、蓄聚膀胱者。
本研究通过分析120例湿热型IgA肾病患者的临床资料,依据治疗措施不同进行临床分组,对照组采用强的松基础治疗,观察组采用基础治疗+猪苓汤、小蓟饮子联合治疗,结果表明,两组治疗后24 h尿蛋白定量均显著低于治疗前,两组治疗后Ccr、BUN、SCr与治疗前比较均无明显差异,观察组治疗后24 h尿蛋白定量低于对照组,两组治疗后Ccr、BUN、SCr比较均无明显差异,提示两组患者治疗过程中,药物对于肾功能的影响无明显差异。两组患者治疗前α1-MG、RBP、β2-MG均无明显差异,两组治疗后α1-MG、RBP、β2-MG均低于治疗前,且观察组治疗后α1-MG、RBP、β2-MG均低于对照组,观察组总有效率高于对照组,提示猪苓汤联合小蓟饮子治疗湿热型IgA肾病可以有效抑制系膜细胞增生,降低BUN、SCr水平,改善血尿、蛋白尿的临床表现,缓解肾功能的损伤,在一定程度上保护肾脏功能,提高肾小球滤过率水平,抑制系膜基质分泌,减少肾小球硬化。
综上所述,猪苓汤联合小蓟饮子治疗湿热型IgA肾病临床效果良好,肾功能恢复明显,值得临床推广应用。
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Clinical effect of Zhuling Decoction combined with Xiaoji Drink in the treatment of damP-heat tyPe of IgA nePhroPathy
WU Qinghua1YAN Liping2
1.Department of Nephro1ogy,Dongying Peop1e′s Hospita1,Shandong Province,Dongying257000,China;2.Department of Out-patient,Dongying Peop1e′s Hospita1,Shandong Province,Dongying257000,China
R692.3
A
1673-7210(2016)04(a)-0104-04
(2015-12-21本文编辑:张瑜杰)