刘 英 杨 娟
针药结合治疗气滞血瘀型痛经22例
刘英杨娟
福建省妇幼保健院中医科(福州 350001)
摘要:目的观察针药结合治疗气滞血瘀型痛经的临床疗效。方法将42例符合纳入标准的气滞血瘀型痛经患者随机分为两组,针药组22例,采用针药结合疗法;西药组20例,口服布洛芬缓释胶囊,两组均治疗3个月经周期,观察两组治疗后的疗效。结果针药组和西药组治疗后,痛经症状积分比治疗前降低,P<0.05,差异有统计学意义。两组治疗后疗效比较针药组优于单纯西药组,P<0.05,差异有统计学意义。针药结合组,痊愈8例,占36.36%,显效9例,占40.91%,有效4例,占18.18%,无效1例,占4.55%,总有效率达95.45%;西药组,痊愈6例,占30.00%,显效7例,占35.00%,有效4例,占20.00%,无效3例,占15.00%,总有效率达80.00%。与西药组相比,P<0.05,差异有统计学意义。结论针药结合治疗气滞血瘀型痛经疗效显著,值得推广和应用。
关键词:针灸; 中药; 气滞血瘀型; 痛经
痛经是妇科临床的常见病,笔者近几年来采用针灸结合自拟行气化瘀汤治疗气滞血瘀型痛经,获得满意疗效,现报道如下。
1.1一般资料该研究患者均来源于福建省妇幼保健院中医科门诊,共42例,采用随机数字表分为两组,治疗组22例,采用针药结合治疗,年龄12~39岁,平均年龄(23±5.32)岁,病程3月~10年,平均病程(3.13±0.91)年,疼痛程度评分6.5~15.5分,平均疼痛评分(8.95±1.38)分;对照组20例,口服布洛芬缓释胶囊,年龄14~37岁,平均年龄(22±4.18)岁,病程2月~9年,平均病程(3.05±0.87)年,疼痛程度评分6.5~15.5分,平均疼痛评分(9.12±1.17)分,患者年龄、病程以及疼痛程度评分差异无统计学意义,具有可比性。
1.2诊断标准中医辨证标准(参照《中药新药临床指导原则(第一辑)》气滞血瘀型:主证:经前或经期小腹胀痛拒按。次证:①经血量少,血行不畅;②血色紫暗有块,块下痛减;③经前乳房胀痛,胸闷不舒。舌脉:舌质紫暗或有瘀点,脉弦。辨证要求:其中主证必备,次证兼具两项,结合舌脉,即可辨证。
西医诊断标准:《妇产科学》[1]原发性痛经:痛经的症状开始于经前、经血出现不久或经后,仅持续数小时或数天。并经妇科检查(未婚者行肛诊),生殖器官无明显器质性病变者。多发生于月经初潮2~3年的青春期少女或未育者。
1.3纳入及排除标准纳入标准:①符合中医痛经诊断标准和气滞血瘀型中医辨证标准;②符合西医原发性痛经诊断标准;年龄在12~40岁女性;③治疗前三个周期内未服用镇痛药、激素类药;④患者知情并同意。排除标准:①西医诊断为继发性痛经,经B超及妇科检查证实由盆腔炎、子宫肌瘤、子宫内膜异位症所致的痛经;②对药物组成成分过敏者;③合并有心脑血管、肝、肾和造血系统等严重原发性疾病,或精神病患者。
1.4疼痛程度评分标准参照《中药新药临床研究指导原则》制定。下腹疼痛、拒按(或为刺痛、绞痛)5分(基础分),腹痛难忍1分,腹痛明显、但可忍耐0.5分,坐卧不宁1分,冷汗淋漓1分,四肢厥冷1分,面色苍白1分,需卧床休息1分,影响工作、学习1分,用一般止痛措施不能缓解1分,用一般止痛措施能缓解0.5分,腰酸痛0.5分。
1.5治疗方法
1.5.1治疗组针灸结合口服行气化瘀汤治疗。具体方法如下。针灸治则:疏肝理气,活血化瘀。取穴:关元、气海、子宫、期门、血海、三阴交、阴陵泉穴、合谷、太冲。采用华佗牌30mm×40mm规格毫针针刺,以患者自觉酸麻胀为度。关元、气海采用温针灸,余穴留针30分钟,于行经前1周开始针灸,每日1次,针刺至行经第2天。行气化瘀汤基本方:桃仁15 g,香附10 g,川芎6 g,川楝子10 g,延胡索6 g,佛手10 g,枳壳6 g,五灵脂10 g,路路通10 g,当归6 g,赤芍10 g,红花10 g,乌药6 g,益母草15 g。于行经前1周开始服药至行经第2天,上药水煎服,每日1剂,每日2次。
1个月经周期为一个疗程,治疗3个月经周期。
1.5.2对照组口服布洛芬缓释胶囊,每次1粒,每日2次,饭后口服。疼痛缓解后停药。1个月经周期为一个疗程,治疗3个月经周期。
1.6疼痛程度评分标准①参照《中药新药临床研究指导原则》制定。②根据《妇科疑难病现代中医诊断与治疗》[2]制定。痊愈:治疗后腹痛及其它症状消失,停药3个月经周期无复发;显效:治疗后腹痛及其它症状明显减轻,不服止痛药能坚持工作;有效:治疗后腹痛及其它症状减轻,服止痛药能坚持工作;无效:治疗后腹痛及其它症状无改变。
2.1两组治疗前后痛经症状积分比较两组治疗前后比较采用配对t检验,P<0.05。两组治疗后,采用独立样本的秩和检验,P<0.05。针药组和西药组治疗后,痛经症状积分降低,P<0.05,差异有统计学意义。两组治疗后比较针药组疗效优于单纯西药组,P<0.05,差异有统计学意义。见表1。
表1 两组治疗前后痛经症状积分比较 ±s)
2.2两组治疗后总疗效比较针药结合组,痊愈8例,占36.36%,显效9例,占40.91%,有效4例,占18.18%,无效1例,占4.55%,总有效率达95.45%;西药组,痊愈6例,占30.00%,显效7例,占35.00%,有效4例,占20.00%,无效3例,占15.00%,总有效率达80.00%。与西药组相比,P<0.05,差异有统计学意义。见表2。
表2 两组治疗后总疗效比较 (例,%)
注:与西药组相比,P<0.05。
痛经以青年妇女多见,其发病原因复杂,主要有情志所伤、起居不慎或六淫为害等,并与素体及生理环境有关。受上述致病因素影响,导致冲任瘀阻,使气血运行不畅,胞宫经血流通受阻,以致“不通则痛”;或者胞宫冲任失于濡养,以致不荣则痛。本病最早见于《金贵要略·妇人杂病脉证并治第二十二》:“带下,经水不利,少腹满痛,经一月再见。”行气化瘀汤中以桃仁、川芎、路路通活血行瘀;香附、川楝子、延胡索、佛手、枳壳行气止痛;五灵脂散瘀止痛。研究表明[3],针刺不仅可以激发立竿见影的“即时效应”,而且适当的针刺频率和强度可以产生持续较长时间的“后续效应”。杨东霞等[4]研究表明,针药结合对EMs大鼠模型有明显的镇痛作用。宁英[5]研究发现针刺和西药治疗原发性痛经均有疗效,且针刺组疗效优于西药组,具有临床应用和推广价值。西药布洛芬胶囊,半衰期短,持续作用时间短,且患者常伴有头晕、恶心、皮疹等不良反应。本研究表明,针药结合治疗气滞血瘀型痛经的疗效优于西药布洛芬组,且在临床中并无出现明显的不良反应,值得今后推广和应用。
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doi:10.3969/j.issn.1003-8914.2016.12.042
文章编号:1003-8914(2016)-12-1771-03
收稿日期:(本文校对:王玲2015-09-07)
Acupuncture combined with Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Qi Stagnation and Blood Stasis Dysmenorrhea for 22 Cases
LIU YingYANG Juan
(Department of TCM, Fujian Province Maternity and Children Health Hospital, Fujian, Fuzhou 350001, China)
Abstract:ObjectiveTo observe the clinical curative effect of acupuncture combined with Chinese medicine in the treatment of qi stagnation and blood stasis dysmenorrhea. Methods42 cases of patients who met the inclusion standard of qi stagnation and blood stasis dysmenorrhea were randomly divided into two groups. The combination group of 22 cases was treated with acupuncture combined with Chinese medicine. The Western medicine group of 20 cases was treated with oral ibuprofen sustained release capsules. Two groups were treated for three menstrual cycles, and the therapeutic effect was observed after the treatment. ResultsAfter treatment, the symptom scores of the combination group and the Western medicine group were lower than those before treatment P<0.05, and the difference was statistically significant. The therapeutic effect of the combination group was better than that of the Western medicine group P<0.05, and the difference was statistically significant. In the combination group, 8 cases were cured, accounting for 36.36%, 9 cases were markedly effective, accounting for 40.91%, 4 cases were effective, accounting for 18.18%, 1 case was invalid, accounting for 4.55%, and the total effective rate was 95.45%. In the Western medicine group, 6 cases were cured, accounting for 30%, 7 cases were markedly effective, accounting for 35%, 4 cases were effective, accounting for 20%, 3 cases were invalid, accounting for 15%, and the total effective rate was 80%. Comparing with the Western medicine group P<0.05, the difference was statistically significant. ConclusionThe acupuncture combined with Chinese medicine in the treatment of qi stagnation and blood stasis dysmenorrhea has significantly curative effect, and is worthy of popularization and application.
Key words:Acupuncture and moxibustion; Chinese medicine; Qi stagnation and blood stasis; Dysmenorrhea