蔡丽敏
《高中英语教学大纲》中明确指出“写作是书面表达和传递信息的交际能力,培养初步写作能力是英语教学的目的之一。”书面表达是高考英语试题中分值较大, 但考生往往得分却较低的一项, 提到英语写作,教师头痛, 学生畏惧。因此,如何在高三第一轮复习中,每两周写作一练的课堂中帮助学生提高书面表达能力是每一个高三英语教师所关注和研究的问题。笔者以一堂“Practical writing”中,从谈论热点话题“Haze Weather”展开,最后完成书面表达为例,来浅析高中书面表达的训练课的设计。
一、课程类型:高三复习课(第一轮)
二、教学目标:具体包括认知目标、情感目标以及智力目标。
(一)認知目标
1、句型和语言点
2.用所学知识与伙伴进行交流、沟通,学会改错与写作。
(二)情感目标
教师利用多媒体教学手段营造积极和谐的课堂氛围,使学生自然而然地进入情景教学之中,充分调动学生的思维活动和情感体验,引起学生的共鸣。
(三)智力目标
在运用语言的过程中,培养学生的观察力,分析力,想象力和自学能力,帮助学生加强记忆力,提高思维能力和运用英语的综合能力。
三、教材分析
这是高三首轮复习阶段的一节写作课,这节书面表达课就从学生对话题“Haze Weather”开展自由表达、讨论开始,进而完成教学目的。侧重于引导学生在动手写作前迅速构思、发散思维、各抒己见、开拓想象,使学生能够兼顾与写作紧密联系的听、说、读、写、改错。
四、教学重点:
1、学会审题和谋篇;2、掌握多样化的表达方式;3、熟练个段中的固定写作套路;4、帮助学生运用写作策略,促进自主写作。
五、具体教学设计
(一)Step 1:Warming up and presentation
从一段关于“雾霾”的微视频导入,吸引学生的关注,培养学生的观察力和思维。具体实例如下:
T :“what can you see from the video ?”
S: “Haze”.
T: What can Haze cause? ( all students begin to talk about Haze Weather freely one by one according to the words given by the teacher :
(1) cant see clearly, drive slowly,
(2)flights , put off /cancel, cause , inconvenience
(3) have bad effect on ,physical health ,do harm to, harmful
S1: We cant see clearly, which contributes to many accidents.
S2: We should drive slowly , otherwise traffic jams would happen.
(T: The furthest distance in the world is that you stand in front of me, but I can not see you.)
S3:Haze can cause flights to be put off / cancelled ,which can bring passengers inconvenience.
S4: Haze has bad effect on physical health.
通过看微视频中的画面能激发学生的兴趣和好奇心,学生很快就能够很自然地了解到这节课要谈论的主题——雾霾及雾霾的危害,教师出示若干词汇和短语让学生更能自信自如地用上优美地道的句子,甚至能用定语从句,状语从句等高级句子完成写作。
(二)Step 2 :Discussion
教师出示若干讨论话题,创设情境,激发学生小组讨论要点,学生主动参与和整体参与书拟提纲、表达见解、启发思维以达到运用语用能力。具体实例如下:
Q1: What can we do when haze takes place to avoid being harmed?
1. Dont do exercise in the open.
2. Stay indoors and keep the air clean rather than go outdoors.
3. Wear a mask when going out.
(T:I am looking forward to seeing sky dotted with shining stars every night.)
Q2: Whats your suggestion to be friendly to our environment?
1. We must be aware that its everyones duty to protect the environment.
2.Wed better ride bikes or walk instead of driving a car.
3.We should save electricity and plant more trees.
(三)Step 3: Presentation
通过上述操作后,学生基本弄懂谋篇句子和模式了:1、雾霾的危害;2、雾霾时我们该怎么做来保护自己;3、如何来爱护我们的环境。此时,教师呈现书面表达材料方为最佳时间段,学生只需使用学过的衔接词或句子就可以信心满满地就书面材料进行有针对性的写作语篇尝试练习了,准备5分钟后让部分学生上台口头叙述即可。
实例:假如你是北京某中学学生李华。你的网友Jack将在下个月来北京参加一个冬令营活动。他从电视、网络等媒体上得知,北京雾霾很严重。所以他给你发来电子邮件询问相关情况,并咨询他到北京后,该怎么做。
范文:
As you can learn from the Internet, the haze has occurred a lot of times in cities in northern China so far this year. It is obvious that haze would bring us all kinds of harm. Firstly, we cant see clearly in haze weather, which contributes to many accidents. Secondly, quite a lot of flights have to be put off or canceled due to the haze weather, causing great inconvenience. What‘s worse, it has negative influences on our health.
Therefore, when you arrive in Beijing, theres something that you should remember. First of all, a good-quality mask is necessary while going out. Washing faces and hands after each outing is also important to protect yourself. Outdoor activities should be reduced to avoid breathing in harmful dust.
In order to protect our environment, we should go out on foot, by bike or by bus as much as possible instead of driving cars. Second, factories should produce less pollution. Third, we should plant more trees. Besides, we should not use paper cups or plates. I wish people can enjoy the sky and fresh air every day.
總结:英语写作是一项实践性很强的活动,而提高英语写作水平是一个漫长而又艰苦的过程,但基于英语写作在高考英语测试中的重要地位,如何提高英语写作能力,是摆在广大考生与英语教师面前的共同难题。对于英语教师而言,需利用现有的教学资源,不断创新英语教学方式、方法,开拓提升教学质量的途径,同时,应鼓励学生敢于开口、敢于动笔,让学生真真切切感受到学习一门语言的快乐,自觉的、发自内心的喜欢上一门外语,这样才能从根本上起到促进学习、不断提升的目的。
【参考文献】
[1]《高中英语教学大纲》;
[2]王曾选:《中学英语教学法》,河南大学出版社,1987;