新能源汽车



新能源汽车

·编者按·

2015年5月8日，国务院印发《中国制造2025》的通知，提到了“继续支持电动汽车、燃料电池汽车发展，掌握汽车低碳化、信息化、智能化核心技术，提升动力电池、驱动电机、高效内燃机、先进变速器、轻量化材料、智能控制等核心技术的工程化和产业化能力，形成从关键零部件到整车的完整工业体系和创新体系，推动自主品牌节能与新能源汽车同国际先进水平接轨。”中国政府高度重视新能源汽车发展，将其确立为国家战略。

新能源汽车是指采用非常规的车用燃料或动力转换装置作为动力来源，综合车辆的动力控制和驱动方面的先进技术，形成的技术原理先进、具有新技术、新结构的汽车。包括纯电动汽车、增程式电动汽车、燃料电池电动汽车、替代燃料汽车等。

随着全球汽车保有量的不断增加，一方面燃油大量消耗引起的能源危机变得日益严重，另一方面汽车尾气排放引起环境污染的程度也越来越严重。而在能源紧缺、环境恶化的形势下，加快发展节能环保的新能源汽车迫在眉睫。

随着动力电气化、材料轻量化、车辆智能化的新一代汽车技术大变革的深入，作为一个完全开放的市场，中国面临的技术竞争压力也越来越大。我们要尽最大努力抓住新能源、新材料、信息化科技带来的新能源汽车新一轮技术变革机遇，实现新能源汽车动力系统全面升级，尤其是要加快实现动力电池革命性突破，以完善的科技体系支撑新能源汽车产业又好又快发展，最终实现中国汽车工业的技术强国梦。

本专题得到专家衣宝廉院士（中国科学院大连化学物理研究所）、黄学杰研究员（中国科学院物理研究所）、张剑波教授（清华大学汽车工程系）的大力支持。

·热点数据排行·

截至2016年4月22日，中国知网（CNKI）和Web of Science（WOS）的数据报告显示，以“新能源汽车（new energy vehicle）”“纯电动汽车（electric vehicle）”“燃料电池电动汽车（fuel cell electric vehicle）”“氢燃料汽车（hydrogen fuel cell vehicle）”为词条可以检索到的期刊文献分别为4292条与3989条，本专题将相关数据按照：研究机构发文数、作者发文数、期刊发文数、被引用频次进行排行，结果如下。

研究机构发文数量排名（CNKI） 　

研究机构发文数量排名（WOS）

作者发文数量排名（CNKI）

作者发文数量排名（WOS）

期刊发文数量排名（CNKI）

期刊发文数量排名（WOS）

根据中国知网（CNKI）数据报告，以“新能源汽车（new energy vehicle）”“纯电动汽车（electric vehicle）”“混合动力电动汽车（hybrid electric vehicle）”“燃料电池电动汽车（fuel cell vehicle）”“氢燃料汽车（hydrogen fuel cell vehicle）”为词条可以检索到的高被引论文排行结果如下。

国内数据库高被引论文排行

根据Web of Science统计数据，以“新能源汽车（new energy vehicle）”“纯电动汽车（electric vehicle）”“混合动力电动汽车（hybrid electric vehicle）”“燃料电池电动汽车（fuel cell vehicle）”“氢燃料汽车（hydrogen fuel cell vehicle）”为词条可以检索到的高被引论文排行结果如下。

国外数据库高被引论文排行

·经典文献推荐·

基于Web of Science检索结果，利用Histcite软件选取LCS（Local Citation Score，本地引用次数）TOP 50文献作为节点进行分析，得到本领域推荐的经典文献如下。

来源出版物：IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, 2004, 12(3): 352-363

Electrical machines and drives for electric, hybrid, and fuel cell vehicles

Zhu, Z. Q; Howe, David

来源出版物：Proceedings of the IEEE, 2007, 95(4): 746-765

Fuel cell vehicles: Status 2007

Von Helmolt, Rittmar; Eberle, Ulrich

来源出版物：Journal of Power Sources, 2007, 165(2): 833-843

Electric, hybrid, and fuel-cell vehicles: Architectures and modeling

Chan, C. C; Bouscayrol, Alain; Chen, Keyu

来源出版物：IEEE Transactions on ehicular Technology, 2010, 59(2): 589-598

·推荐综述·

来源出版物：Science, 2005, 308(5730): 1901-1905

Cleaning the air and improving health with hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles

Jacobson, MZ; Colella, WG; Golden, DM

Abstract:Converting all U.S. onroad vehicles to hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles (HFCVs) may improve air quality, health, and climate significantly, whether the hydrogen is produced by steam reforming of natural gas, wind electrolysis, or coal gasification. Most benefits would result from eliminating current vehicle exhaust. Wind and natural gas HFCVs offer the greatest potential health benefits and could save 3700 to 6400 U.S. lives annually. Wind HFCVs should benefit climate most. An all-HFCV fleet would hardly affect tropospheric water vapor concentrations. Conversion to coal HFCVs may improve health but would damage climate more than fossil/electric hybrids. The real cost of hydrogen from wind electrolysis may be below that of U.S. gasoline. In this paper, a model-based strategy for the real-time load control of parallel hybrid vehicles is presented. The aim is to develop a fuel-optimal control which is not relying on the a priori knowledge of the future driving conditions (global optimal control), but only upon the current system operation. The methodology developed is valid for those problem that are characterized by hard constraints on the state-battery state-of-charge (SOC) in this application-and by an arc cost-fuel consumption rate-which is not an explicit function of the state. A suboptimal control is found with a proper definition of a cost function to be minimized at each time instant. The “instantaneous” cost function includes the fuel energy and the electrical energy, the latter related to the state constraints. In order to weight the two forms of energy, a new definition of the equivalence factors has been derived. The strategy has been applied to the “Hyper” prototype of DaimlerChrysler, obtained from the hybridization of the Mercedes A-Class. Simulation results illustrate the potential of the proposed control in terms of fuel economy and in keeping the deviations of SOC at a low level. This paper reviews the relative merits of induction, switched reluctance, and permanent-magnet (PM) brushless machines and drives for application in electric, hybrid, and fuel cell vehicles, with particular emphasis on PM brushless machines. The basic operational characteristics and design requirements, viz. a high torque/power density, high efficiency over a wide operatingbook=13,ebook=17range, and a high maximum speed capability, as well as the latest developments, are described. Permanent-magnet brushless dc and ac machines and drives are compared in terms of their constant torque and constant power capabilities, and various PM machine topologies and their performance are reviewed. Finally, methods for enhancing the PM excitation torque and reluctance torque components and, thereby, improving the torque and power capability, are described. Within the framework of this paper, a short motivation for hydrogen as a fuel is provided and recent developments in the field of fuel cell vehicles are described. In particular, the propulsion system and its efficiency, as well as the integration of the hydrogen storage system are discussed. A fuel cell drivetrain poses certain requirements (concerning thermodynamic and engineering issues) on the operating conditions of the tank system. These limitations and their consequences are described. For this purpose, conventional and novel storage concepts will be shortly introduced and evaluated for their automotive viability and their potential impact. Eventually, GM’s third generation vehicles (i.a. the HydroGen3) are presented, as well as the recent 4th generation Chevrolet Equinox Fuel Cell SUV An outlook is given that addresses cost targets and infrastructure needs. With the advent of more stringent regulations related to emissions, fuel economy, and global warming, as well as energy resource constraints, electric, hybrid, and fuel-cell vehicles have attracted increasing attention from vehicle constructors, governments, and consumers. Research and development efforts have focused on developing advanced powertrains and efficient energy systems. This paper reviews the state of the art for electric, hybrid, and fuel-cell vehicles, with a focus on architectures and modeling for energy management. Although classic modeling approaches have often been used, new systemic approaches that allow better understanding of the interaction between the numerous subsystems have recently been introduced.

Optimal control of parallel hybrid electric vehicles

Sciarretta, A; Back, M; Guzzella, L

Keywords:road vehicle control; cost optimal control; fuel optimal control; suboptimal control; dynamic programming brushless drives; electric vehicles; electrical machines; hybrid vehicles; induction machines; permanent-magnet machines; switched reluctance machines hydrogen; automotive; fuel cell; hydrogen storage; LH2; CGH2 Electric vehicle (EV); fuel-cell vehicles (FCVs); hybrid electric vehicle (HEV); modeling; powertrains

文献编号本领域经典文章题目第一作者来源出版物1 Cleaning the air and improving health with hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles Jacobson, MZ Science, 2005, 308(5730): 1901-1905 2 Optimal control of parallel hybrid electric vehicles 3 Electrical machines and drives for electric, hybrid, and fuel cell vehicles 4 Fuel cell vehicles: Status 2007 Sciarretta, A IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, 2004, 12(3): 352-363 Zhu, Z Proceedings of the IEEE, 2007, 95(4): 746-765 Von Helmolt, 5 Electric, Hybrid, and Fuel-Cell Vehicles: Architectures and Modeling Rittmar Journal of Power Sources, 2007, 165(2): 833-843 Chan, C.C IEEE Transactions on ehicular Technology, 2010, 59(2): 589-598