巧用名言警句，提升作文档次

杨华新

谚语短小精悍，言简意赅。若考生能在书面表达中恰当地运用一两条谚语，文章必定出彩，档次骤然上升。

笔者在常规的教学中，经常利用课前几分钟来进行谚语教学。

一、结合话题，联想谚语

每复习到一个新的话题，笔者就让学生回忆他们曾经背诵或积累过的与该话题相关的一些名言警句，并且让他们进行“头脑风暴”（brainstorm），通过投影呈现出来，以便学生能在写作中运用上去。如：复习到Healthy Eating时，学生总结和整理出以下的谚语：

1. An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 一天一苹果，医生远离我。

2. We are what we eat. 食物塑造了我们。

3. Eat at pleasure， drink with measure. 随意吃饭，适度喝酒。

4. A light heart lives long. 心情愉快寿命长。

5. Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy， wealthy and wise. 早睡早起会使人健康、富有和睿智。

6. Health is above wealth. 健康胜于财富。

二、 围绕谚语，展开话题

复习完一个话题后，笔者就有意识地布置一篇话题写作作为课后作业，一方面巩固本单元学过的重点词汇、语法及句型，另一方面训练学生把相关谚语运用于写作的能力。其中，让学生围绕谚语进行扩展，是笔者惯用的手段之一。如：

1. Helping others is helping ourselves. （助人就是帮己）

笔者班上有个学生扩展如下：In the daily life， anyone is likely to get into trouble. If we dont give a helping hand to those in trouble， how can we expect to get assistance from others？ For this reason， its necessary to help others out if possible. Helping others is actually helping ourselves， just as the saying goes.

2. Rome was not built in a day. （冰冻三尺非一日之寒）

再看另一个学生的杰作：When it comes to learning English， its vital that we spend at least half an hour on it every day after class. More importantly， keep learning it however busy we are. However， it must be kept in mind that it takes a long time before we have a good command of English. Thus， never expect to make major progress in English in a short time. Rome was not built in a day， as a proverb goes.

三、书面表达，引用谚语

学生积累了谚语后，笔者要求他们学以致用，争取在话题对应的写作中有所体现。如：

[例一]假定你是李华，你的朋友James写信给你，向你请教如何提高汉语水平。你回信给他，要点如下：

1. 丰富中文词汇量；

2. 养成阅读的习惯；

3. 多关注中国文化。

注意：

1. 词数为100左右；

2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

结果显示，不少学生在上述的作文不失时机地分别用上了以下的谚语：

1. Rome was not built in a day. 冰冻三尺非一日之寒。

2. More haste， less speed. / Haste makes waste. 欲速则不达。

3. All roads lead to Rome. 条条大道通罗马。

4. Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。

[例二]假定你是李华，你的笔友Robin在物理测试中多次不及格，心情很沮丧，想放弃该科。得知这一情况后，你给他发了一封电子邮件，内容包括：

1. 鼓励他不要放弃；

2. 建议他注重方法（如请教老师，与同学交流等）；

3. 预祝他取得进步。

注意：

1. 词数为100左右；

2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

部分学生也巧妙地用上了以下的名言警句：

1. Take it easy. Its not the end of the world because failing to pass exams doesnt mean youre a failure. 不要紧。还没到世界末日呢。考试不及格不代表着你是失败者。

2. Failure is the mother of success. 失败乃成功之母。

3. Two heads are better than one. 三个臭皮匠，赛过诸葛亮。

4. Where there is a will， there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。

5. Nothing is difficult to a willing heart. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。

此外，笔者还欣喜地发现，部分学生积累了谚语后，不光能服务于写作，还举一反三，在原句的基础上有创造性地进行仿写。如：

1. No pains， no gains. （不劳无获）

2. No cross， no crown. （不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹？）

有学生就创造性地写了No sweat， no sweet. （先苦后甜）。

又如：Where there is a will， there is a way. （有志者，事竟成）

灵活的学生也进行了“改造”，写出Where theres dream， there is hope. （有梦想就有希望）和Where there is life， there is hope. （留得青山在，不怕没柴烧）等句子。

以上是笔者在常规教学中培养和提高学生在书面表达中运用谚语来提升“书面表达”档次的惯用手段。笔者相信：只要长期训练，坚持积累，必然会取得预期的效果。

同学们，你们平时有没有积累英文名言警句呢？又能否把它们运用于“书面表达”中呢？请完成以下的自我检测练习。

【小试牛刀】

一、谚语搭配 把以下的中文谚语和英文谚语搭配起来。

1. 入乡随俗。

2. 时不我待。

3. 诚实为上策。

4. 时间就是金钱。

5. 不要以貌取人。

6. 活到老，学到老。

7. 细节决定成败。

8. 好的开始是成功的一半。

9. 抱最好的希望，做最坏的打算。

10. 行动胜于语言。/ 事实胜于雄辩。

11. 事物都有两面性。/ 凡事都有利弊。

12. 只学习，不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。

A. Never judge a book by its cover.

B. Actions speak louder than words.

C. Every coin has two sides. / Every advantage has its disadvantage.

D. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

E. Well begun is half done.

F. Details are the key to success.

G. Time is money.

H. Hope for the best and prepare for the worst.

I. Live and learn. / Never too old to learn.

J. When in Rome， do as the Romans do.

K. Time and tide wait for no man.

L. Honesty is the best policy.

二、选择填空 请从上述所提供的英文谚语中选择合适的谚语，并将其序号填入每个语段的横线上。

1. Tom， our classmate， is a boy of few words who seldom communicates with us， so I used to take it for granted that he was unfriendly and indifferent. My attitude towards him didnt change until he donated all his pocket money to the children living in mountainous areas. From then on I draw a conclusion that“______________________________________”.

2. Yesterday is past. Today is present. Tomorrow is mystery. Time lost cannot be regained. Its no use complaining about what happened in the past. And we can never know what to expect in the next minutes. What we can do is make full use of time and try our best. Thats why we often say“______________________”.

3. As Senior Three students， we are as busy as bees， preparing for the coming entrance examination to college. However， we are supposed to combine study with relaxation. Only in this way can we keep ourselves energetic and meanwhile promote our study efficiency.“_____________________________”， as the saying goes.

4. Cultures and customs vary greatly from place to place. Due to cultural differences， sometimes what we consider right is not necessarily acceptable for others in other parts of the world. For this reason， its quite necessary for us to adapt ourselves to the local customs， especially for newcomers.“___________________

____________________________”，as the saying goes.

5. Online shopping is popular with many people， the young in particular. It enables us to save a great deal of time and trouble. In addition， the prices of goods and products are usually lower than those in real stores. However， we should be aware that “__________________________________”， as the saying goes. Online shopping also has its disadvantages. For instance， customers are cheated because what they receive sometimes are totally different from what theyve purchased previously online， or the products they buy are of poor quality.

三、扩展谚语 仿照上题，围绕着以下每个谚语适当扩展，可叙可议。

1. Live and learn.（活到老，学到老）

2. Look before you leap.（三思而后行）

3. Many hands make light work.（众人拾柴火焰高）

4. A friend in need is a friend indeed.（患难见真情）

四、运用谚语 完成以下的书面表达，并且适当地用上谚语。

（2008全国卷II）假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Peter来信向你咨询如何才能学好中文。请你根据下列要点写封回信。

1. 参加中文学习班。

2. 看中文书刊、电视。

3. 学唱中文歌曲。

4. 交中国朋友。

注意：

1. 词数100左右。

2. 可适当增加细节。

3. 开头语已为你写好，不计入总词数。

参考答案：

三、 谚语搭配

1. J 2. K 3. L 4. G 5. A 6. I 7. F 8. E 9. H 10. B 11. C 12. D

二、选择填空

1. A 2. H 3. D 4. J 5. C

三、扩展谚语

1. Live and learn. （活到老，学到老）

Our lives are limited while knowledge is endless. With the rapid development of science and technology， knowledge is playing an increasingly important role in many fields. To keep up with the fast-changing world， its essential that we equip ourselves with the updated knowledge and get the hang of the latest information. In a word， live and learn， as the saying goes.

2. Look before you leap. （三思而后行）

From time to time， we hear people say“If only I hadnt done that.” or “How I wish I had been there yesterday.”Such words are filled with regret and disappointment. Its a pity that theres no “IF” in reality. What has been done cannot be undone. Similarly， its impossible to take back your words once you have said something wrong or silly. Consequently， never rush to a conclusion or do anything without consideration. Just as a proverb goes， look before you leap.

3. Many hands make light work. （众人拾柴火焰高）

Yesterday， we gave our classroom a thorough cleaning. Some of us cleaned the blackboard， some mopped the floor， some washed the windows， while others cleared away the rubbish. It was not long before we finished cleaning. Its by means of teamwork that we completed our task in advance. Many hands make light work， just as a saying goes.

4. A friend in need is a friend indeed. （患难见真情）

You may have a number of friends who walk into your life. Some friends celebrate your success or taste your victory. Some keep your company when you are a success. But are they real friends？ No necessarily！A real friend is someone who shares joys and sorrows with you. A real friend is someone who stands by you from beginning to end， especially in time of trouble. As the proverb goes， a friend in need is a friend indeed.

四、运用谚语

Dear Peter，

Im glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to learn Chinese well. Here are a few suggestions. First， it is important to take a Chinese course， as youll be able to learn from the teacher and practice with your fellow students. Then， it also helps to watch TV and read books， newspapers and magazines in Chinese whenever possible.

Besides， it should be a good idea to learn and sing Chinese songs. You can also make more Chinese friends， who will tell you a lot about China and help you learn Chinese. Anyway， keep practicing， for“Practice makes perfect”/“All roads lead to Rome”， as the saying goes.

Try and write to me in Chinese next time.

Best wishes.

Li Hua

责任编辑 蒋小青