驾驶舱人机工效综合评价体系

傅山 王臻

摘要：本研究提出了一种基于多指标客观测量的方法实现对飞行中的人为因素的连续评价，同时该方法具有较好的诊断性，能够为评审和设计提供参考。本方法中，所测量的客观参量包含了眼动参数、生理参数、飞行员的控制行为和飞机的状态。利用主成分分析方法这些参数被分别综合入四个主要的方面来描述飞行任务中整个人在环系统的表现。其中眼动参数被综合入飞行员的认知活动方面，生理参数被综合入飞行员的唤醒程度方面，飞行员的行为被综合入控制活动方面，飞机的状态参数被综合入飞行绩效方面。同时为了在驾驶舱显控界面的设计与飞行安全之间建立起联系，本研究建立了另外四个指标分别用于描述认知活动与飞行绩效的相关性、控制活动与飞行绩效的相关性、认知活动与唤醒程度的相关性，以及控制活动与唤醒程度之间的相关性。本研究构建了一个八维模式图将以上指标综合起来直观的显示出来，对飞行任务中各个时刻的人为因素做出评价。

关键词：人为因素；人机工效；主观评价；工作负荷

Multidimensional cockpit ergonomics evaluation system

Abstract：Modern aircraft is a man-machine-cooperate complex system. The issues which affect the aviation safety gradually become human factors. Statistical reports show that more than 70% of the civil aircraft accidents are caused by human because of the misuse， abuse and disuse of the automatic systems . Several studies have been made， trying to reveal the reasons of human induced safety issues. Many of them consider workload as a main reason. Studies show that too high or too low of workload would both have higher probability of human errors. The state of art workload measurement techniques are generally organized into three broad categories： subjective rating scales， task performance measures and psychophysiological measures. There are some disadvantages in the conventional workload measuring techniques. Subjective rating scales couldnt provide continuous evaluation in the flight task and the results could be affected by participants emotion and performance etc. The performance measures overlook the operators initiatives and effort. The mechanisms of the physiological reactions are complex， and the physiological measures could be easily contaminated by environmental changes such as illumination， pressure and vibration. We proposed a method to evaluate the human factors in a flight task based on multiple objective measures. In the presented method， the objective measures include the pilots eye activities， control activities， cardio-respiratory reactions and the flight status parameters. Principal component analysis was applied to integrate the above objective measures into four meaningful aspects. Meanwhile， in order to link the cockpit components （e.g. the displays and the control equipment） to the pilot and the flight performance， four correlation aspects were also considered which include the correlation between the pilots cognitive activity and the pilots arousal， the correlation between the pilots control activity and the pilots arousal， the correlation between the pilots cognitive activity and the flight performance and the correlation between the pilots control activity and the flight performance. These correlation aspects could provide diagnostic information in the assessment of the design of the cockpit components. We also constructed an eight-dimension pattern to integrate the above eight aspects and achieved an intuitive and continuous evaluation of the inflight human factors in the flight deck.

Keywords：Human Factor； Ergonomics； Subjective rating； Workload

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