向东贤 王婧妍
[摘要] 目的 观察冠心病心力衰竭患者联合应用曲美他嗪与辛伐他汀对血浆BNP的影响及临床效果分析。 方法 选取我院心内科2013 年1 月~2015 年8月收治的120例确诊为冠心性心力衰竭患者作为研究对象,随机将患者均分为治疗组与对照组,对照组(辛伐他汀治疗)、治疗组(曲美他嗪+辛伐他汀治疗)各60例。观察临床疗效和不良反应,比较血浆BNP与心功能变化。 结果 治疗组治疗有效率为96.7%,高于对照组的85.0%;治疗后血浆BNP、血压、心率、LVEDD、LVESD均降低,LVEF升高,且治疗组改善更明显,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论 联合应用曲美他嗪与辛伐他汀能明显降低冠心病导致的心力衰竭患者BNP 的含量,显著改善冠心病心力衰竭的心功能状况。
[关键字] 冠心病;心力衰竭;曲美他嗪;辛伐他汀;心功能;BNP
[中图分类号] R541.6 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701(2016)16-0101-03
[Abstract] Objective To observe the effects of the combined application of trimetazidine and simvastatin on plasma BNP in the patients with coronary heart disease complicated with heart failure and analyze the clinical curative effects. Methods 120 patients who were diagnosed of coronary heart disease complicated with heart failure and admitted to the Department of Internal Medicine in our hospital from January 2013 to August 2015 were selected as the research subjects. The patients were randomly and evenly assigned to the treatment group and the control group, with 60 patients each in the control group (simvastatin treatment) and the treatment group (trimetazidine+simvastatin). Clinical curative effects and adverse reactions were observed, and the changes of plasma BNP and cardiac function were compared. Results The treatment effective rate was 96.7% in the treatment group, higher than that of 85.0% in the control group; after the treatment, plasma BNP, blood pressure, heart rate, LVEDD, LVESD were all reduced, and LVEF was increased. The improvement was more significant in the treatment group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The combined application of trimetazidine and simvastatin is able to significantly reduce the content of BNP induced by coronary heart disease in the patients with heart failure, and is able to significantly improve the cardiac function of coronary heart disease complicated with heart failure.
[Key words] Coronary heart disease; Heart failure; Trimetazidine; Simvastatin; Cardiac function; BNP
冠状动脉性心脏病(coronary heart disease,CHD)简称冠心病,是心血管内科常见的疾病,近年来,发病率越来越高,特别在中老年患者较为多见[1]。冠心病晚期往往出现呼吸困难、活动受限等严重并发症,导致冠心病性心力衰竭,病死率较高。脑钠肽(brain natriuretic peptide,BNP)作为心力衰竭定量标志物,不仅反映左室收缩功能障碍,也反映左室舒张功能障碍、右室功能障碍和瓣膜功能障碍等情况,其血浆含量的高低常常作为判定心衰的标准[2,3]。早期治疗冠心病心力衰竭,对降低BNP、恢复心功能、改善预后有明显疗效。现有的药物治疗,尚未见治疗心力衰竭的特效药物。辛伐他汀(simvastatin)是他汀类(statin)的降血脂药物,用于控制血液中胆固醇的含量以及预防心血管疾病[4]。曲美他嗪是一种新型3-KAT 抑制剂类药物,可有效改善心肌功能。本文选取我院收治的冠心病心力衰竭患者120例进行分析,探讨了联合用药的治疗效果,为临床应用提供参考价值,现报道如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
选择我院2013年1月~2015 年8月收治的冠心病心力衰竭患者120 例为研究对象,均符合中华医学会心血管病学分会制定的冠心病心力衰竭诊断标准[5]。纳入标准:符合冠心病心力衰竭诊断标准者,18~80 岁,与本研究配合者;排除标准:严重免疫性疾病者,肾、肝、肺功能严重不全者,妊娠期、哺乳期女性。按照随机数字法分为对照组、治疗组各60例。对照组中,男38例(63.3%),女22例(36.7%);年龄40~78岁,平均(52.4±1.8)岁;病程1~6年,平均(2.8±0.5)年。治疗组中,男36例(60.0%),女24例(40.0%);年龄38~80岁,平均(53.0±2.3)岁;病程1~7年,平均(3.4±1.0)年。两组患者的病程、年龄、性别等资料差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2 治疗方法
两组患者入院后均给予利尿、强心、β受体阻滞剂、血管紧张素转换剂等常规治疗。对照组在此基础上口服辛伐他汀,20 mg/次,1 次/d,计划治疗3个月。治疗组:口服辛伐他汀,20 mg/次,1次/d,口服曲美他嗪,20 mg/次,3 次/d,计划治疗3个月。曲美他嗪购于施维雅(天津)制药有限公司,批号:H20055465。辛伐他汀购自于江苏黄河药业股份有限公司,批号:H2006 7793。
1.3 观察指标
①观察临床治疗效果[6],显效:治疗后临床症状消失,心电图检查指标正常,心功能提高2级;好转:治疗后临床症状明显减轻,心电图检查指标改善,心功能提高1级;无效:治疗前后变化不明显,或者加重。总有效=显效+好转。②分别在治疗前、治疗1个疗程后,采集患者的血液标本,采用全自动生化分析仪检测血浆中BNP的变化;并使用超声心动图对心功能进行评估,统计分析两组的收缩压、心率,测定左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)等指标。③观察不良反应情况,做好相关记录。
1.4 统计学方法
应用SPSS18.0统计学软件处理数据,计量资料用(x±s)表示,对比应用t检验,计数资料组间比较采用χ2检验,P<0.05 为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 两组临床疗效比较
治疗组患者治疗有效58例,有效率为96.7%;对照组治疗有效51例,有效率为85.0%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。
2.2 两组治疗前后血浆BNP与心功能比较
药物治疗前,治疗组与对照组患者的血浆BNP 水平与心脏功能无明显差异。经过药物治疗3个月后,对照组和治疗组和用药前相比,患者血浆BNP、血压、心率、LVEDD、LVESD均降低,LVEF均升高(P<0.05),且治疗组改善更明显(P<0.05)。见表2。
2.3 两组治疗安全性比较
结果显示,两组患者用药期间均没有严重的不良反应出现,肝肾功能复查显示正常,可见用药安全性较高。
3讨论
CHD是由于冠状动脉粥样硬化引起狭窄所致的心血管病变,出现心肌供血障碍、心肌细胞代谢负荷过重等,常伴有心绞痛、心肌纤维化、心肌梗死及心力衰竭等并发症[7]。心力衰竭是冠心病晚期最为严重的病症,其病死率较高,严重威胁中老年患者的生命安全,其病因主要是由于长期动脉粥样硬化,引起心肌缺血缺氧,导致大片心肌细胞凋亡、坏死,进而心室收缩能力下降、顺应性降低,最后诱发心衰[8,9]。现有的药物主要通过调节血流动力学效应,改善心肌供氧能力为主,如强心剂、利尿剂、ACEI(血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂)等,其无法改善心肌细胞代谢能力的局限性,临床应用效果差强人意。在临床治疗上,要求调节紊乱的神经内分泌活动,抑制左室重构,而且患者心肌供血供氧明显减少,导致心肌收缩力降低。尤其老年患者机体各个器官功能减退,用药可选择改善心肌能量的代谢类药物。
曲美他嗪是一种新型3-KAT 抑制剂类药物,不改变心脏本身的血流动力学变化,主要以改善心肌细胞缺血缺氧的状态为主,稳定细胞内环境的稳态,减少心肌细胞受损,并抑制游离脂肪酸代谢,控制内皮素及氧自由基水平,从而刺激丙酮酸脱氢酶,使葡萄糖氧化得到加强,提高氧的利用度,促进线粒体的功能活化,产生更多的ATP,促进心肌细胞新陈代谢的能力[10,11]。另外,曲美他嗪通过减少细胞内Ca2+、Na+等离子的超载,提高乳酸的利用率,有效抑制缺氧所致的细胞酸中毒,对心肌细胞起到保护的作用[12]。
研究发现,辛伐他汀具有抗炎、免疫调节、改善内皮生理功能、舒张血管、抗氧化等功能,长期服用,可以明显增加冠状动脉血流量,积极调节内皮细胞生理功能,进而改善与调节患者的左心室生理功能。此外,通过降低交感神经的活性,达到自主神经平衡,通过抑制合成金属蛋白酶,达到改善心室重塑的疗效[13,14]。临床实践证实,患者应用辛伐他汀后,可以实现调脂效果,能够显著降低胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白的水平,从而延缓冠脉粥样硬化的进程,降低死亡风险[15]。综上,本研究拟在传统药物治疗的基础上,观察联合应用曲美他嗪与辛伐他汀对冠心病心力衰竭患者血浆BNP的影响及临床效果分析。
本次研究中,治疗组联合应用曲美他嗪与辛伐他汀,结果显示有效率为96.7%,高于对照组的85.0%,且治疗后的血浆BNP 与心功能改善更为明显,差异有统计学意义。另外,患者用药期间未出现明显的不良反应,表明安全性高,有利于提高依从性和舒适程度。总之,联合应用曲美他嗪与辛伐他汀治疗冠心病心力衰竭疗效更为显著,减轻心脏负担,提升心功能,且安全性高。
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(收稿日期:2016-04-13)