名词性从句中的两种虚拟语气

山东省威海市　苏永兰

名词性从句中的两种虚拟语气

山东省威海市苏永兰

虚拟语气是高中英语学习的一个重要内容和教学难点，它会以不同的形式出现在我们的试卷中：语法填空、短文改错、翻译以及阅读文章等。笔者通过自己多年的教学实践，对名词性从句中的两种虚拟语气进行了梳理和总结，希望能为同学们的学习提供一些帮助。

一、wish宾语从句中的虚拟语气

wish宾语从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反或不大可能实现的愿望。根据时间的不同，谓语动词的形式分为三种情况。

（一）表示与现在事实相反的愿望：did/were

1.I wish I were with my parents now.

我希望我现在跟父母在一起。

2.I wish I knew how to deal with such kind of thing.

真希望我知道该如何处理这种事情。

3.I wish the moon were shinning at the moment.

但愿此刻有月亮。

（二）表示将来的愿望：would/should/could/might do

1.I wish he would try again.

我希望他再试一次。

2.I wish I could be of some use.

我希望我能有点用处。

3.He wished she might do better next time.

他希望她下次能做得更好。

4.I wish very much you could manage to come over.

我非常希望你能设法来一下。

（三）对过去发生的事情表示遗憾或后悔时：had done或would/could have done

1.I wish you had come to our New Year's party.我真希望你来参加了我们的新年聚会。

2.Jean wishes that he had bought that house last spring.珍希望他去年春天买了那个房子。

3.I wish I could have slept longer this morning，but I had to get up and come to class.我多希望今早能多睡会，但是我得起床来上课。

二、名词性从句中的虚拟语气

（一）表示命令、要求、建议等的名词性从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气“（should）do”的形式，其中的should可以省略，要记住这些常见的词。

记忆口诀：一个坚持：insist；两个命令：order，command；三个决定：decide，determine，make up one's mind；四个建议：advise，suggest，propose，recommend；五个要求：ask，require，request，demand，desire

1.主语从句

（1）That you（should）apologize to your teacher is my suggestion.

你应该向老师道歉，这是我的建议。

（2）It is demanded that the rules（should）be obeyed by everyone.

要求每个人都遵守这些规则。

2.宾语从句

（1）The young scientist decided that he（should）go on with his research.

这位年轻的科学家决定继续他的研究。

（2）He proposed that the matter should be discussed at the next meeting.

他建议这个问题在下次会议上讨论。

3.表语从句

（1）My request is that you（should）make an apology to your teacher.

我的要求是你要向老师道歉。

（2）The workers'request is that their wages（should）be raised by 10 percent.

工人们要求增加10%的工资。

4.同位语从句

（1）He gave us an order that we（should）start right now.

他命令我们立刻出发。

（2）The committee made a decision that no one should be admitted without a ticket.

委员会决定，无票者不得入场。

（二）另外一种主语从句：It is+形容词+that从句：（should）do

这类常见的形容词有：necessary，important，vital，impossible，possible，probable，strange，natural，advisable，desirable，essential，urgent

1.It is important that we（should）finish it on time.

我们要按时完成，这是很重要的。

2.It is strange that he should fall in love with such an ordinary-looking girl.

说来真怪，他竟然能爱上这么相貌平平的一个女孩。

三、练习

1.I wish that you_______（not have）such a bad headache because I'm sure that you would have enjoyed the concert.

2.I wish that I________（go）with you last night.I didn't go to the party，but I do wish I had been there.

3.I wish he_______（leave）since I have so much work to do tomorrow.

4.The examination instructions require that the students_______（not use） red pen.

5.It is advisable that one_______（make）no decision until the time is ripe.

答案1.hadn't had2.had gone3.would/should/could/might leave4.（should）not use 5.（should）make