动词短语类型知多少

□高德胜



动词短语类型知多少

□高德胜

动词短语是动词的一种固定搭配形式，在各类考试中经常对其进行考查。现在我们一起来揭开它的神秘面纱吧。

动词短语的搭配可分为六种基本类型：

1.动词+副词

常见的有put up, call up, set up, fix up, get up, stand up, look up, make up，pick up，take up, clean up, cheer up, come on, go on, put on, turn on, be on, take off, turn off, put off, give out, work out, find out, run out, break out, give away, run away等。这种结构在英语中使用十分广泛，如果后面接代词作宾语时，只能放在动词和副词之间；如果接名词，可以放在动词和副词之间，也可以放在它们的后面。如：

You’ll hand in your homework tomorrow.明天交作业。

Please don’t forget to hand it in.请不要忘了交(它)。

2.动词+介词

“动词+介词”，其后可以跟名词、代词、动名词等。常见的有：look after, take after, care for, look for, look at, arrive at, come into, break into, listen to等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。如：

I haven’t heard of him.我没听说过他。

Mum is ill and I have to look after her at home.妈妈病了我得在家照看她。

3.动词+副词+介词

常见的有：look down upon, put up with, do away with，look forward to等。如：

How does the boy do away with the bad habits?这个男孩是怎样改掉坏习惯的？

They look forward to visiting Paris.他们盼望去巴黎参观。

4.动词+名词+介词

常见的有：take care of, pay attention to, put an end to, give rise to, have a look at等。如：

Please take care of my dog when I leave for Dalian.

我动身到大连时，请照看我的小狗。

Pay attention to your pronunciation, please.请注意你的发音。

5. be+形容词+介词

常见的有：be used to, be angry with, be strict with, be good at, be afraid of, be ready to等。如：

He is always ready to help others.他总是乐于帮助别人。

He is quite used to getting up early.他很习惯于早起。

Parents should be very strict with their children.家长们应该对孩子严格要求。

6.动词+名词

常见的有take place, make friends等。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。如：

This story took place three years ago.这个故事发生在三年前。I make friends with a lot of people.我和许多人都交了朋友。

【学以致用】

Ⅰ.单项选择

1. The boy has a good habit to________all the things in right places.

A. put away

B. put up

C. take away

D. take up

（2015呼和浩特）

2. Yunnan is beautiful and I’m________visiting it again.

A. keeping clear of

B. suffering from

C. looking forward to

D. running away from

（2015天津）

3. It’s getting dark. Would you please________the light?

A. get on

B. get off

C. turn on

D. turn off

（2015重庆B）

4. I’m going to graduate from my school soon, but I’ll______it forever.

A. be friends with

B. be thankful to

C. keep away from

D. fall in love with

（2015青岛）

5. Mike________reading________playing computer games.

A. prefers; than

B. prefers; to

C. would rather; than

D. would rather; to

（2015眉山）

6. My mother is ill. I have to________her in the hospital after class.

A. look after

B. look up

C. take care

D. take after

（2015新疆）

7. As a teacher, I love being with my students. You can’t imagine how much they________knowledge!

A. are thirsty for

B. are famous for

C. are good for

（2015山西）

8.________these past three years, I remember many things.

A. Looking up to

B. Looking out

C. Looking back at

D. Looking after

（2015十堰）

Ⅱ.根据汉语完成句子。

1.地上有个钱包，请把它捡起来。

There is a purse on the floor, please________________.

2.他们是什么时候到达你们村子的？

When did they________________your village?

3.我们应当关心老年人。

We should________________the old.

4.让我看看你的新手表吧。

Let me________________your new watch.

5.不要生我的气，我会做好的。

Don’t________________________me. I can do it well.

参考答案：

Ⅰ. 1. A 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. B 6. A 7. A 8. C

Ⅱ. 1. pick it up 2. arrive at 3. care for 4. have a look at 5. be angry with