浙江省6种新记录植物

2016-03-25 02:57陈丽春陈征海马丹丹林海伦李修鹏李根有
关键词:科学出版社长约宁波

陈丽春,陈征海,马丹丹,林海伦,李修鹏,李根有*

(1.浙江农林大学林业与生物技术学院,浙江临安311300;2.浙江省森林资源监测中心,杭州310020;3.浙江农林大学暨阳学院,浙江诸暨311800;4.宁波市药品检验所,浙江宁波315049;5.宁波市林特科技推广中心,浙江宁波315012)

浙江省6种新记录植物

陈丽春1,陈征海2,马丹丹3,林海伦4,李修鹏5,李根有3*

(1.浙江农林大学林业与生物技术学院,浙江临安311300;2.浙江省森林资源监测中心,杭州310020;3.浙江农林大学暨阳学院,浙江诸暨311800;4.宁波市药品检验所,浙江宁波315049;5.宁波市林特科技推广中心,浙江宁波315012)

报道了发现于浙江宁波的6种新记录植物,隶属于6科6属,它们分别是心脏叶瓶尔小草(Ophioglossum reticulatum Linn.)(瓶尔小草科Ophioglossaceae)、银花苋(Gomphrena celosioides Mart.)(苋科Amaranthaceae)、中华萍蓬草(Nuphar sinensis Hand.-Mazz.)(睡莲科Nymphaeaceae)、白花水八角(Gratiola japonica Miq.)(玄参科Scrophulariaceae)、三叶绞股蓝(Gynostemma laxum(Wallich)Cogniaux)(葫芦科Cucurbitaceae)和乳白石蒜(Lycoris albiflora Koidz.)(石蒜科Amaryllidaceae);其中水八角属Gratiola Linn.为浙江新记录属.它们在浙江省的发现丰富了浙江省植物区系的内容,同时也为其在中国的地理分布研究提供了基础资料.

物种;分布新记录;宁波;浙江

1 心脏叶瓶尔小草(瓶尔小草科Ophioglossaceae)

Ophioglossum reticulatum Linn.Sp.Pl.2: 1063,1753;CHING R C in WU C Y,Fl.China. 2:9,1959;GUO X E,Fl.Qinling.2:28,1974;DING B Z,et al,Fl.Henan.1:12,1981;LIN L G,Fl.Fujian.1:19,1982;CHING R C in WU C Y,Fl.Xizang.1:36,1983;LI B G,et al.in KONG X X,Fl.Sichuan.6:108,1988;WANG S Y in WANG P S,Fern Fl.Guizhou.473,2001;HE Z R in WU C Y,Fl.Yunnan.20:114,2006;Fl.China.2(3):78,2013.

与浙江产的瓶尔小草Ophioglossum vulgatum Linn.的区别在于不育叶为宽卵形,基部心形至近截形.

标本:浙江(Zhejiang):象山(Xiangshan),墙头(Qiangtou),大雷山(Mount.Dalei),Alt.800 m,under bamboo forests,2014-04-06,LIN H L(林海伦),XS20140406003,见图1之A.

该种目前在浙江仅发现象山1个分布点,植株稀少,宜加重点保护.

2 银花苋(苋科Amaranthaceae)

Gomphrena celosioides Mart.in Nova Acta Phys.Med.Acad.Caes.Leop.-Carol.Nat.Cur. 13(1):301-302,1826;Fl.Hainan.1:410,1964;HSU in Taiwania.18:62,1973;Fl.Taiwan.2: 382,1976;KONG X W in WU C Y,Fl.China.25(2):239,1979;Fl.Taiwan,sec.ed.2:407,1996;QIU H Y in WU C Y,Fl.Guangdong.4:113,2000;Fl.China.5:428,2003.

直立或披散草本.茎高约35 cm,被白色长柔毛.叶对生;叶片为椭圆形至近匙形,长3~5 cm,宽1~1.5 cm,顶端急尖或钝,基部渐狭,上面无毛或疏被伏贴毛,下面被柔毛;叶柄短或几无.头状花序顶生,初呈球形,后呈长圆形,长约2 cm以上;总花梗几无;苞片阔三角形,长约3 mm,银白色;小苞片三角状披针形,白色,长约6 mm,脊棱极狭,具1至数个小锯齿或近全缘;萼片披针形,长约5 mm,外面被白色长柔毛,花后外侧2片脆革质,内侧的薄革质;雄蕊管稍短于花萼,顶端5裂,裂片长约1 mm,具缺口;花柱极短,柱头2裂.胞果圆梨形,果皮薄膜质.花果期4—11月.

本种和浙江常见栽培的千日红G.globosa Linn.相近,区别为茎有贴生白色长柔毛,花序银白色,花被片果期变硬.

标本:浙江(Zhejiang):象山(Xiangshan),石浦(Shipu),东门岛(Is.Dongmen),Alt.10 m,in grass byroadside,2014- 06- 28,LIN H L(林海伦),XS20140628004;the same locality,2014- 10-31,LI G Y,et al.(李根有,等),XS20141031015,见图1之B.

分布:原产于热带美洲,现分布于世界各热带地区;我国广东(饶平、博罗、肇庆、广州、湛江)、海南(海口、三亚、西沙群岛)、台湾有归化[6-9].生于路旁草地.浙江归化新记录.

本种可能系无意中带入,入侵原因不明,其花果期长,繁殖量大,极有可能发展成为浙江一种新的有害植物,有关部门需引起注意.

3 中华萍蓬草(睡莲科Nymphaeaceae)

Nuphar sinensis Hand.-Mazz.,Kaiserl.Akad. Wiss.Wien,Math.-Naturwiss.Kl.,Anz.63:8,1926;GUAN K J in WU C Y,Fl.China.27:14,1979.——Nuphar pumila subsp.sinensis(Hand.-Mazz.)Padgett,Sida.18(3):825,1999;Fl.China.6: 116,2001.

killall & iptables -D INPUT -s 198. **.98.245 -j DROP

与浙江产的萍蓬草N.pumilum(Hoffm.)D C.的区别在于花较大,直径5~6 cm,柱头盘10~13裂;种子较小,长约3 mm;叶下面沿边缘密生柔毛(宁波产的有时沿中脉亦被密毛).

标本:浙江(Zhejiang):宁海(Ninghai),前童(Qiantong),竹林(Zhulin),Alt.100 m,in rivers,2013- 11- 06,CHEN Y C,FENG J H(陈煜初,冯家浩),NH20131106012;the same locality,2014- 08- 17,LI G Y,et al.(李根有,等),NH20140817021,见图1之C.

分布:资料记载该种分布于安徽、江西、福建、湖南、广东、广西、贵州;生长于池塘中[1011].唯Flora of China:Vol.6将浙江也列入分布区,然《浙江植物志:第二卷》及《浙江种子植物检索鉴定手册》中均明确记载为栽培,笔者之前在各地考察中也未见有野生者,有关植物标本馆中也未见野生者之标本依据,故而在该种的认定中,通过走访当地民居,询问当地百姓,证实,从未有过该种的栽培历史.且在该种的生境中,并未发现任何居住痕迹,故认定宁波所产者应属野生.浙江新记录.

4 白花水八角(玄参科Scrophulariaceae)

Gratiola japonica Miq.,Ann.Mus.Bot. Lugduno-Batavi.2:117,1865;ZHONG B Q in WU C Y,Fl.China.67(2):90,1979;SUN Q Sin LI S X,Fl.Liaoning.Vol(2):299,1992;Fl. China.18:22,998;TAO D D in CHEN S K,Fl. Yunnan.16:364,2006.

一年生无毛草本.根状茎细长;茎直立或斜升,稍肉质,高8~25 cm,中下部有柔弱分枝.单叶对生;叶片长椭圆形至披针形,顶端钝尖,基部半抱茎,全缘,具下凹的三出脉;无柄.花小,单生叶腋,无梗,在靠茎一侧具2枚形似萼裂片的小苞片;花萼5深裂几达基部;花冠稍呈二唇形,白色;雄蕊2,位于上唇基部,下唇基部具2枚短棒状退化雄蕊.蒴果球形,径4~5 mm.种子细长,具网纹.

图1 浙江省6种新记录植物Fig.1 Photographs of six newly recorded species in Zhejiang Province

标本:浙江(Zhejiang):宁波(Ningbo),鄞州(Yinzhou),鄞江(Yinjiang),蓉峰(Rongfeng),low altitude,in silty shallow water by ravines or water bamboo fields,2014- 10- 05,LI G Y,et al.(李根有,等),YZ20141005010;咸祥(Xianxiang),芦浦(Lupu),2015- 05- 02,Alt.30 m,in dry paddy fields,LIN H L(林海伦),YZ20150502003,见图1之D.

分布:资料记载该种分布于我国东北及江苏、江西、云南;日本、朝鲜、俄罗斯远东地区也有.生长于低海拔的山沟淤泥质浅水中[1215][16]795[17].浙江新记录属、种.

5 三叶绞股蓝(光叶绞股蓝)(葫芦科Cucurbitaceae)

Gynostemma laxum(Wall.)Cogn.in ex DC.,Mon.Phan.3:914,1881(‘laxa');Fl. Hainan.1:485,1964;ZHENG R Y,et al,Jour. Plant Taxonomy.21(4):359,1983.

主要特征为叶具3小叶,中央小叶长圆状披针形,颇坚挺,两面无毛,且平滑,或有时上面沿主脉被短柔毛;花萼裂片狭三角状卵形,长约0.5 mm,花冠裂片狭披针形,无毛,全缘;果较大,直径8~10 mm,种子阔卵形,直径约4 mm.

标本:浙江(Zhejiang):宁海(Ninghai),深甽(Shenzhen),温泉景区(Wenquan),2013- 08- 16,Alt.350 m,in forests by valleys,LI G Y,et al.(李根有,等),NH20130816047,见图1之E.

分布:该种原知产于广东(海南岛)、广西和云南东南部;印度、尼泊尔、锡金、缅甸、越南、泰国、马来西亚、印度尼西亚和菲律宾也有[14]349[1819].浙江分布新记录.

6 乳白石蒜(石蒜科Amaryllidaceae)

Lycoris albiflora Koidz.,Bot.Mag.(Tokyo).38:100,1924;FAN G J,et al in PEI J,Fl.China.16(1):22,1985;CHEN J R,Fl. China.24:268,2000.

多年生草本.鳞茎卵球形,径约4 cm.早春抽叶,花前枯萎;叶片带状,绿色,顶端钝圆.花茎高约60 cm;总苞片2枚;伞形花序有花6~8朵;花蕾桃红色,开放时奶白色,渐变为乳白色,花被裂片中度反卷和皱缩,腹面有时有红色条纹,背面中脉红色,花被管长约2 cm;花丝上部带紫色.花期8月,果期10—11月.

本种花的颜色与浙江产的短蕊石蒜L. cald wellii Traub相似,区别在于后者雄蕊比花被短,雌蕊与花被近等长;花被裂片无粉红色条纹和中肋,仅基部微皱缩.

标本:浙江(Zhejiang):宁波(Ningbo),鄞州(Yinzhou),龙观(Longguan),大路(Dalu),low altitude,in grass by valleysides,2014- 08- 18,LIN H L(林海伦),YZ20140818005,见图1之F.

分布:中国植物志记载该种分布于江苏,但江苏植物志却未见记载;日本、朝鲜也有[16]312[20-21].浙江分布新记录.

以上新记录凭证标本均藏于浙江农林大学植物标本馆(ZJFC).

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Six newly recorded plant species in Zhejiang Province.Journal of Zhejiang University(Agric.&Life Sci.),2016,42(5):551- 555

CHEN Lichun1,CHEN Zhenghai2,MA Dandan3,LIN Hailun4,LI Xiupeng5,LI Genyou3*
(1.School of Forestry and Biotechnology,Zhejiang A&F University,Lin'an 311300,Zhejiang,China;2.Monitoring Center for Forest Resources of Zhejiang,Hangzhou 310020,Zhejiang,China;3.Jiyang College of Zhejiang A&F University,Zhuji 311800,Zhejiang,China;4.Ningbo Institute for Drug Control,Ningbo 315049,Zhejiang,China;5.Ningbo Technology Extension Center for Forestry and Specialty Forest Products,Ningbo 315012,Zhejiang,China)

SummaryDuring the investigation of coastal plants in Ningbo,several species were discovered,which cannot be classified into any species previously reported in the flora of Zhejiang.Based on further comparison and information review,these species belonging to six genera in six families were identified as new records of Zhejiang Province,including Ophioglossum reticulatum Linn.(Ophioglossaceae),Gomphrena celosioides Mart.(Amaranthaceae),Nuphar sinensis Hand.-Mazz.(Nymphaeaceae),Gratiola japonica Miq.(Scrophulariaceae),Gynostemma laxum(Wallich)Cogniaux(Cucurbitaceae)and Lycoris albiflora Koidz.(Amaryllidaceae).Gratiola Linn.is a new record genus of Zhejiang Province.

The discovery of these newly recorded plants enriched the content of flora of Zhejiang Province and providedfundamental materials for investigating their geographical distributions in China.

plant species;new record;Ningbo City;Zhejiang Province

Q 948.13

A

10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2015.11.081

浙江省财政厅预算内资金(335010-2015-0005);宁波市植物资源调查与数据库建设项目(NBZFCG2012049G-D).

*通信作者(Corresponding author):李根有(http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7255-7607),E-mail:ligy1956@163.com

联系方式:陈丽春(http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4748-6218),E-mail:591090797@qq.com

(Received):2015- 11- 08;接受日期(Accepted):2016- 02- 25;

日期(Published online):2016- 06- 24

URL:http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/33.1247.S.20160624.1848.002.html

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