中考试题中的宾语从句

2016-03-18 08:58吴素珍
中学生英语·中考指导版 2016年3期
关键词:答语最佳答案语序

吴素珍

宾语从句是初中英语最重要的语法内容之一,在中考试题中频频出现。学好宾语从句也可为将来的高中学习主语从句、表语从句以及同位语从句打下良好的基础。纵观全国各省市的英语中考试题,发现宾语从句在其中仍占有相当大的比例。现把关于宾语从句的考查点进行分类归纳,以方便大家学习、参考。

宾语从句的引导词有以下三种:

1. 引导词 that只起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,在口语中或非正式文体中常省略。

例如:He knew (that) he should work hard.

2. 引导词 if/ whether,意为“是否”在口语中常用if,连词if/ whether不能省略。

例如:Tom didn’t know if/ whether his grandpa liked the present.

3. 由疑问代词和疑问副词引导的宾语从句。疑问代词有:what,who,whom,whose,which等,在宾语从句中主要充当主语、宾语、定语和表语等。疑问副词有:when, where, why, how, 在宾语从句中充当时间、地点、原因、方式状语。

例如:1) We don’t know who will win the match. (who作从句的主语)

2) The teacher asked the new student which class he was in? (which作从句的定语)

【例1】

—Excuse me, could you tell me ________?

—Go along this street until you see some buildings with golden roofs.

A. how I can go to Tianning Temple

B. how often you go to Tianning Temple

C. how soon you will go to Tianning Temple

D. how many times you have been to Tianning Temple

【例2】

—Excuse me, do you know ________?

—About five minutes’ walk.

A. where the hospital is

B. how far the hospital is

C. how I can get to the hospital

【解析】

1) 第一题根据答语“沿着这条街走直到你看见带有金色屋顶的楼房”可以判断前”一句是在询问“怎样到达天宁寺”,而“how often”意为“多久一次”,“how soon”意为“多久以后”,“how many”意为“多少”,故该题最佳答案为答案为A。

2) 第二题根据答语“大约五分钟的步行”可知是在询问“距离”,而“where”询问地点,“how”询问方式,只有“how far”用于询问距离,故该题最佳答案为答案为B。

宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序,即主语在前,谓语动词(包括助动词、系动词和情态动词)在后。

例如:

(×) Can you tell me who(m) do we have to see?

(√) Can you tell me who(m) we have to see?

宾语从句中谓语动词的时态,常常受主句谓语时态的制约,这种现象称为“时态的呼应”。注意:

1. 若主句是一般现在时,从句的时态不限,可根据句意使用所需的任何时态。

例如:I hear that you are going to Shanghai tomorrow.

2. 若主句是一般过去时,从句必须是过去的某一种时态。

例如:She asked me if I was reading a book this time yesterday.

3. 若从句叙述的是客观真理、自然现象或规律时,从句不受主句时态的限制,仍用一般现在时。

例如:The teacher told us light travels much faster than sound.

在考题中,一般是把宾语从句的时态和语序结合起来进行考查。

【例3】

—Do you know ________ the Capital Museum?

—Next Friday.

A. when will they visit

B. when they will visit

C. when did they visit

D. when they visited

【例4】

I didn’t know ________.

A. when would the train arrive

B. where could I get the book

C. what has been done

D. who left the message

【例5】

Her mother didn’t tell her ________ then.

A. where is the MH370 flight B. where the MH370 flight is

C. where was the MH370 flight D. where the MH370 flight was

【例6】

—I don’t understand ________.

—I’m sorry. But I was doing my homework.

A. why you didn’t watch the football match

B. why didn’t you watch the football match

C. why you don’t watch the football match

D. why don’t you watch the football match

【解析】

1) 第三题根据答语得知是将来的时间,因此需用一般将来时,所以排除掉C和D,又由于宾语从句用陈述语序,故该题最佳答案为B。

2) 第四题也是考查时态和语序,主句为一般过去时,得知从句应该用过去时,加之用陈述语序,故该题最佳答案为D。

3) 第五题的主句为一般过去时,那么由此可判定从句也应用过去的某种时态,所以先排除A、B,根据从句用陈述语序,故该题最佳答案为D。

4) 第六题考查疑问副词引导的宾语从句用陈述语序,根据答语得知时态为一般过去时,故该题最佳答案为A。

( )1. —Do you know ________ the meeting?

—Tomorrow morning.

A. when they had

B. when they are going to have

C. when did they have

D. when are they going to have

( )2. —Could you tell me ________?

—At 9:20 tomorrow morning.

A. what time you arrived

B. who you are coming with

C. when will you be here

D. what time you are arriving

( )3. —So, can you tell me ________ here today?

—Well, I was walking down Centre Street when a UFO landed.

A. what did you see

B. what you saw

C. when did you see it

D. when you saw

( )4. —Do you know ________?

—8,844.43 meters. It’s a popular place with mountain climbers.

A. how high is Qonolangma

B. how long is Qonolangma

C. how high Qomolangma is

D. how long Qonolangma is

( )5. —Excuse me, could you please tell me ________?

—Sure. It’s about ten minutes’ walk.

A. how long it takes to go to the zoo

B. how far it is from here to the zoo

C. how far is it from here to the zoo

D. how long it is to go to the zoo

【解析】

1. 该题考查宾语从句的时态和语序,由于答语是“明天上午”,加之要用陈述语序,故该题最佳答案为B。

2. 该题由答语得知要用“what time”提问具体时间,“明天上午9点20分”,故该题最佳答案为D。

3. 该题由回答可以得知是在“做某事”,所以先排除掉A和B,因为宾语从句用陈述语序,故该题最佳答案为B。

4. 该题考查宾语从句的引导词和语序,由题意可知在询问珠穆朗玛峰的高度,因此用how high进行提问,加之用陈述语序,故该题最佳答案为C。

5. 根据宾语从句用陈述语序这条规则,先排除掉C,回答是“10分钟的步行”,应当用how far进行提问,故该题最佳答案为B。

以上三点是历年中考试题中出现频率最高的考点,大家在平时不妨精练这方面的练习题,掌握解题思路和策略,灵活运用解题技巧。其中,牢记以“wh-”开头的一些疑问代词(what、which、who、whom、whose)和疑问副词(where、when、why、how),以及以how组成的特殊疑问词组(how long、how far、how much、how often、how soon、how old、how many等),是很有必要的。另外,整体把握语境,很好地理解语义对做题也很有帮助。再者,注意观察主句中动词和助动词的时态也是一种有效手段。同学们也要学会捕捉关键词寻找突破口。由于宾语从句需要大家注意的地方较多,所以有些同学在实际运用时容易发生一些错误,只要同学们注意“一连词,二时态,三语序”,再将下列“顺口溜”记住,相信会取得事半功倍的效果。

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