忧国忧民 琴鹤邹平

○范仲淹

忧国忧民 琴鹤邹平

○范仲淹

ZOU PING, CONCERNED ABOUT FATE, WAS MORALLY LOFTY AND CLOISTERED

“塞下秋来风景异，衡阳雁去无留意。四面边声连角起。千嶂里，长烟落日孤城闭。”“居庙堂之高，则忧其民；处江湖之远，则忧其君。”每当读到范仲淹这些千古不朽的诗文，多少仁人志士、莘莘学子无不慷慨激昂、拍案而起；无不为报国拯民而悲歌前往。然而你知道吗？北宋著名政治家、军事家、文学家范仲淹是在山东邹平成长起来的伟人，邹平的泉水和米粥养育了一代名相。

范仲淹出身于封建官僚家庭，而其青少年时期却生活在社会最底层，受尽穷困。这在《宋史》和《邹平通史》（曲延庆著）中多有记载。范公的青少年阅历被认为是“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”思想形成的最原始土壤。

据考，仲淹之生父在徐州为官，死于任上。其母谢氏贫困无依，遂改嫁当时任平江府推官的山东长山人朱文翰。朱先后易地湖南、安徽等数地为官，仲淹母子便相随游居，仅得温饱。约公元1004年（宋景德年间），朱文翰调任山东淄州长史（官五品），仲淹母子定居继父故里长山朱家村，时年15岁，始名朱说，至26岁（1015年）考中进士，离家为官，呈皇帝恩准复名范仲淹。算来，范公在邹平朱家居住的时间（包括外出求学）长达十二年之久。

在邹平的十多年时间，对于范公的成长成才至关重要。其母望子从商，或习技艺，仲淹均婉辞，一心读书，立志治国抚民。在朱家，母为继室，子为继子，备受封建礼教习俗之歧视凌辱，这种处境更为仲淹的“扫除人间不平”思想奠基。事有巧合，当时的当朝谏议大夫姜遵对仲淹的少年立志非常赞赏，多所鼓励，于是仲淹决然到离家不远的醴泉寺读书，拜僧为师。广为流传的“划粥断齑”故事就发生在这里，此正是《宋史》中记载的“糜粥继之”的具体写照。传说范仲淹苦读期间，每日煮米两升，盛入盆中，待冷却凝成团状，将其切成四块，早晚各吃两块。再到山地挖些野韭菜回来，切碎加盐，佐粥而食。

传说，范仲淹在醴泉寺读书时，一天在寺外看见一只大老鼠窜进洞里，他追踪前去掏鼠窝，没摸到老鼠，却发现洞的深处藏有很多金银。这是身外不明之财，仲淹虽贫苦却毫不动心，将其悉数放回原处。

若干年后，范公已为朝廷命官，老僧千里迢迢去看望这位当年的爱徒。临归时仲淹仅送给僧师一包普通茶叶，老僧感到他待师不恭，回到寺里便将茶叶扔在一边。数日后老僧有所省悟，念及范公为人笃厚，这茶不用于心不安，便打开小包，见包里有张纸条，指明在寺的某某方位有个偌大的鼠洞，洞里左有金，右有银。老僧依言将金银取出后，一半用于修整寺院，一半分给众僧聊补生计之缺。

古老的故事，神话般的传说，有真有假，其演绎成分居多。但是即使是假的，这也代表着人民的美好期盼，放在谁身上便是对其人格魅力的肯定与赞扬。这样可贵而高尚的精神品质，焉能不千载流传！

Fan Zhongyan lived at the bottom of society in his youth. Zhongyan and his mother settled down in his stepfather’s hometown—Zhujia Village, Changshan. During the decade in Zouping, Zhongyan studied in the Liquan Temple which was not far from his home, becoming a monk’s student. One day, he hollowed out a mouse-hole and found a lot of gold and silver. This was an unknown fortune. Though Zhongyan was poor, he was not tempted by the gold and silver and put it back. Several years later, Mr. Fan had become a government official. When his teacher came to visit him from a great distance, Mr. Fan told him the location of the gold and silver in the form of writing on a tea bag. According to his hint, his teacher took out the gold and silver from the hole, and spent half of it in restoring the temple, and gave the other half to other monks in the temple to improve their livelihood. This ancient story represents people’s pursuit and appreciation of virtue.