默克—雪兰诺总部，日内瓦，瑞士

建筑设计：赫尔穆特·扬，弗朗西斯科·冈萨雷斯/墨菲扬建筑师事务所

默克—雪兰诺总部，日内瓦，瑞士

建筑设计：赫尔穆特·扬，弗朗西斯科·冈萨雷斯/墨菲扬建筑师事务所

1 雪兰诺总部外景/Serono Headquarters exterior view

默克-雪兰诺是一家久负盛名的欧洲生物科技龙头企业。其新总部大楼的建设进一步整合了这一多学科企业的组织结构，并为未来发展留出了更大的空间。新建和改造建筑区包括3座新建低层建筑和2座改造工业厂房，包含办公和实验室等功能，通过一系列覆顶的交通流线和公共空间有机组织成一个综合体。项目的设计响应了跨学科生物医学研究的新潮流。这一潮流明确要求为研究和商务人群提供灵活、通透和光线充足的工作环境；而建筑中的“广场”作为人们碰面和分享理念的社交空间，成为满足上述要求的关键。

在建筑和性能上，默克-雪兰诺总部更多地传达了以高端科技为设计原则的新型理念，而不仅仅是简单的风格设计。通过自然采光通风、太阳能、建筑自身气候调节理念等基本概念，自然资源得到了最大限度的利用，机械设备的使用达到最小化，最终打造出一座高舒适度、低能耗的建筑。下文简要说明本项目采取的关键设计措施。

缓冲空间

“广场”和中庭位于办公和实验楼之间，作为入口和集会场所。这些过渡空间采用自然通风，气候可调节，空调系统不是完全覆盖。过渡空间起到缓冲区的作用，有助于缓解室内工作环境和外部环境之间的温差。

可开启屋顶

可开启屋顶和两个7.8m×11m的标志性大门在天气允许的情况下，可将“广场”的室内空间转化为室外空间。采用小型液压泵可开启或关闭全玻璃屋顶。

适应性幕墙

建筑的幕墙设计采用无重叠玻璃的单层幕墙，外设卷轴式防风雨不锈钢板外遮阳，作为对抗太阳热增益的第一道屏障。遮阳板由4个安装在屋顶的气象站控制，可以按照太阳在空中的位置和每个立面的朝向完成自动部署。采用高性能氩气填充的low-e镀膜玻璃，减少热传递，同时结合外部遮阳减少太阳热增益。室内遮阳卷帘进一步完善了幕墙系统的配置，可提供眩光控制并降低房间亮度。该高性能幕墙配置通高玻璃，可引入尽可能多的自然光线，减少人工照明需求，降低相关能耗，并确保较高的使用舒适度。

周边置换通风系统

适应性幕墙形成一体化供热制冷系统的第一层构件。混凝土底板蓄热体内的辐射供暖和制冷系统可确保基本的舒适度，而周边空气机组则可根据使用人员的荷载和需求快速供热和制冷。空气经过架空地板置换后在使用者周围自然上升，而非通过风机强制输送。

湖水制冷

从日内瓦湖抽取湖水供热交换器使用，同时配备热泵设备，承担建筑的基本制冷负荷，以及相当大一部分采暖负荷。通过湖水制冷，避免了冷却塔和制冷机的使用，可大大降低能耗。精心控制湖水循环，减少供水线和回水线之间的温差。

架空地板

通过架空地板进行各种设备布线具有多重益处。这是一种紧凑的设备布线方式，可减少间隙，在较小的楼层高度中实现较高的天花高度。该做法可提供置换通风以及插口通讯和配电，从而为充满变化的工作场所提供更大的灵活性。

借光/借景

在项目室内，尤其是室内隔墙和外幕墙连接处采用通透表面的做法，可有效使建筑的透明表皮纵深化，提高自然光的分布和办公格间的视野。

智能一体化控制

建筑管理系统可通过低压一体化控制，了解建筑在每小时、每天和每个季节使用过程中的变化状况，并作出相关响应。□（李迈 译）

项目信息/Credits and Data

客户/Owner: 默克-雪兰诺国际有限公司/Merck Serono International

建筑配合/Associate Architect: Burckhardt + Partner AG

景观设计/Landscape Design: Oxalis Architectes Paysagistes Associés S.A.

特殊结构和幕墙设计/Special Structures & Facade: Werner Sobek Ingenieure

节能设计/Energy-Comfort: Transsolar Energietechnik

结构设计/Structural Design: Thomas Jundt Ingénieurs

工程协调/Engineering Coordination: Bonnard & Gardel Ingénieurs

电气设计/Electrical Design: Bonnard & Gardel Ingénieurs, Rhône Electra Eng S.A.

暖通空调设计/Heating-Cooling: Weinmann-Energies S.A.给排水设计/Plumbing Design: Zanini-Baechli & Associés Ingénieurs-Conseils S.A.

市政设计/Civil Design: Amsler & Bombeli, Guscetti & Tournler室内设计/Interior Design: Mackay + Partners

垂直交通设计/Vertical Transport: Lerch Bates & Associates照明设计/Lighting Design: L-Plan

媒体墙设计/Media Wall: AG4

建筑物理和声学设计/Building Physics & Acoustics: AAB –J. Stryjenski & H. Monti – S.A.

安保协调/Safety Coordinator: Ingenieurs Conseils Scherler勘测/Surveyors: Haller & Heimberg

承建商/Contractor: 斯坦纳-综合建筑承包公司/Steiner Total Services Contractor

项目功能/Project Programs: 项目总部/研发设施，3座历史建筑的保护和再利用/Headquarters/research facility and preservation and reuse of three historic buildings

总建筑面积/Total Floor Area: 67,396m²

设计时间/Design Period: 2002-2006

摄影/Photos: Rainer Viertlböck

2 雪兰诺总部夜景/Serono Headquarters night view

3 鸟瞰/Aerial view

Merck-Serono has long been recognized as a leading European biotech company. The new corporate headquarters consolidates and allows room for growth of this multi disciplined corporation. The new and renovated areas include 3 new low-rise buildings and 2 renovated industrial buildings, which accommodate offices, labs, and other functions. The whole complex is held together through covered streets and squares. Its design responds to emerging trends of interdisciplinary biomedical research with the expressed programmatic requirement of providing flexible, transparent, illuminated working spaces for research and business groups. Key to this is the development of the "forum" spaces – social magnets for meeting and idea sharing.

In terms of construction and performance the building is more informed by principles of science and technology, rather than design and style. Daylight, natural ventilation, solar energy and the idea that a building modulates its own climate are the basic concepts to maximize the use of natural resources and minimize technical and mechanical equipment. This results in a building of high comfort and low energy consumption.

Buffer space

The "forum" and the atrium between the office and lab buildings serve as entrances and gathering spaces. These transitional spaces are not fully airconditioned, but are regulated through natural ventilation. These spaces function as buffer zones that help moderating temperature difference between the interior workspace and the exterior environment.

4 剖面/Section

Operable roof

The operable roof and two 7.8m x 11m monumental doors transform the interior of the "forum" to an outdoor space when the weather permits. A small hydraulic pump opens and closes the fully glazed roof.

Adaptive facade

The design adopts single-shell, nonoverlapping glass facade, whose weatherresistance, rolling stainless steel sunshades function as the first defense against solar heat gains. Controlled by four roof-mounted weather stations, these shades automatically deploy according to the solar orientation of each facade and the sun's position in the sky. High performance argon-filled, low-e coated glass reduces heat flow and minimizes solar gainswith the help of external blinds. Interior roller shades complete the wall system, providing glare control and moderating room brightness. This high performance facade with floor to ceiling glass maximizes daylight, reducing the need for artificial illumination and its resulting energy usage while providing a high degree of comfort.

Peripheral displacement air system

The adaptive facade provides the first layer of the integrated heating and cooling system. Radiant heating and cooling in the thermal mass of the concrete floor slab provides base comfort, while the perimeter air unit provides quick response heating and cooling based on occupant load and need. The displaced air is delivered through the raised floor, rising naturally around the occupants rather than delivered forcefully through fans.

Lake water cooling

Water extracted from Lake Geneva is circulated through heat exchangers supplemented with heat pumps and utilized for the base cooling load of the building as well as a significant portion of the heating load. The use of lake water eliminates the need for cooling towers and chillers, which saves a significant amount of energy. The lake water loop is carefully managed to minimize the temperature difference between the supplying and returning water lines.

Raised floor

The use of an accessible raised floor for service layout has several benefits. This compact method can reduce interstitial space, thus increasing ceiling height within limited floor-to-floor space. It allows for displacement air delivery, socket communication and power distribution, thus providing flexibility for the ever-changing work place.

Borrowed light/view

The use of transparent surfaces in the interior, especially where the interior partitions meet the exterior curtain wall, effectively deepens the transparent skin of the building, improving daylight distribution as well as views from office compartments.

Integrated intelligent controls

Low voltage integrated controls endow the building management system with the ability to learn and react to the changing conditions of the building as it is used on hourly, daily, and seasonal bases. □

6 二层平面/Floor 1 plan

7 中庭/Atrium

评论

蒋培铭：建筑师喜欢把更多的精力投入到建筑形式的创作之中，很少给与建筑更多的关怀。而该项目的设计，通过在旧建筑之间嵌入新的公共空间，不仅增强了旧建筑之间的交流互动，而且创造了赏心悦目的人文景观。特别是生态节能技术的设计，保证了建筑使用的舒适自然性。建筑师似乎设计了太多的内容，多乎哉！不多也！这样的建筑很人性！

张弘：默克-雪兰诺总部项目将现代生态建筑理念与旧建筑改造相结合，其中大量采用的高端生态策略与技术措施给人印象深刻，尤其是过渡空间大尺度屋顶的整体开启装置，可视为该建筑的最大亮点和标志性特征。针对日内瓦地区温润的海洋性气候，采用大面积的Low-E玻璃及配套的遮阳、通风设施，能很好地起到调节过渡季及冬季室内温湿度以及照度环境的作用。但繁多生态措施的集成所带来的经济性及效率方面的问题值得商榷。

Comments

JIANG Peiming: Architects all too often lavish their efforts on the creation of architectural forms, without paying due attention to the buildings per se. But in this project, new public space is imbedded between the old buildings, which not only enhances their interaction, but also creates an attractive cultural landscape. Particularly noteworthy are the ecological and energy-saving devices that guarantee both comfort and naturalness in the use of the architectural spaces.The architect seems to have conceived a great deal of things, and yet, for a humanized project like this, it is never too much! ZHANG Hong: The Merck-Serono Headquarters merges modern eco-concepts with building renovation; its extensive use of advanced ecological/green strategies and technologies is impressive. Particularly noteworthy is the large-scale roof opening device at the buffer areas, which characterizes this building. Given the mild oceanic climate of Geneva, large areas of low-e glass are used together with matching equipments for shading and ventilation, which effectively adjust interior temperature, humidity and lighting during transitional seasons and wintertime. However, issues such as economy and cost-effectiveness raised by the concentration of multiple green measures are debatable.

Merck-Serono Headquarters, Geneva, Switzerland, 2007

Architects: Helmut Jahn, Francisco Gonzalez/JAHN, LLC

8 中庭/Atrium

9-11 内景/Interior view

12 立面/Facade

13.14 幕墙细部/Facade detail

15 幕墙剖面分析/Facade sectional diagram

16 中庭夜景/Atrium night view

17 巨门/Monumental door (7.8m×11m)

18 可开启屋顶和通风口/Operable roof and air vent

19 会议厅/Conference room