Breeding and Application of Indica PTGMS Line Yan 161S and Its Hybrid Yanliangyou 1618 in Rice

Mingfa SUN,Guohong YAN,Hongsheng TANG,Aimin WANG,Guoyong ZHU,Chongxiao HE, Zhongling REN,Kai LIU,Guiyun ZHANG,Wei SHI,Linsheng WAN,Hongqin SUN,Zhengbin NI,Zhongde SHAN,Lisheng YAO

Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Coastal Region of Jiangsu Province,Yancheng 224002,China

Breeding and Application of Indica PTGMS Line Yan 161S and Its Hybrid Yanliangyou 1618 in Rice

Mingfa SUN,Guohong YAN,Hongsheng TANG,Aimin WANG,Guoyong ZHU,Chongxiao HE, Zhongling REN,Kai LIU,Guiyun ZHANG,Wei SHI,Linsheng WAN,Hongqin SUN,Zhengbin NI,Zhongde SHAN,Lisheng YAO*

Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Coastal Region of Jiangsu Province,Yancheng 224002,China

In 2006,the indica photoperiod-and thermo-sensitive genic male sterile (PTGMS)line Yan 161S was successfully bred by crossing the Guangzhan 63S (♀)and the medium indica breeding material Yan 229(♂),which was bred by the Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Coastal Region of Jiangsu Province,after years' and generations’selection in different areas.It passed the identification by Jiangsu Provincial Crop Variety Appraisal Committee in 2013.Crossing the Yan 161S with Yanhui 888,a new high-yielding and high-quality two-line hybrid rice combination Yanliangyou 1618 was developed,and it passed the variety identification in 2014. This paper introduced the breeding processes and characteristics of Yan 161S and Yanliangyou 1618 and the cultivation and seed production techniques of Yanliangyou 1618.

Two-line hybrid rice;PTGMS line;Yan 161S;Yanliangyou 1618;Breeding

B y crossing the Guangzhan 63 (♀)and the medium indica breeding material Yan 229(♂) which was bred by the Institute of A gricultural Sciences in Coastal Region of Jiangsu Province,the indica PTGMS line Yan 161S was successfully bred after years’and generations’selection in different areas in 2006.It has lower sterile threshold temperature,longer sterile period, good flowering habits,higher outcrossing fruiting rate,good plant and leaf types,good grain quality,strong resistance against diseases and stresses, moderate maturity and higher reproduction and seed production yields.In 2013,the PTGMS line Yan 161S passed the identification by Jiangsu Provincial Crop Variety Appraisal Committee(SPSJB201303).The highquality,high-yielding and disease-resistant two-line hybrid rice combination Yanliangyou 1618 was bred by crossing the Yan 161S with the two-line restorer line Yanhui 888.It had outstanding performance in the regional and production tests of indica hybrid rice in Jiangsu Province in 2010,2011 and 2013.In 2014,the Yanliangyou 1618 passed the variety identification (SSD201403).

Breeding Processes of Yan 161S and Yanliangyou 1618

In Yancheng in the summer of 2003,the indica PTGMS line Guangzhan 63S(♀)was crossed artificially with the medium indica breeding material Yandao 229[Gui 99×Duixi 1](♂),which was bred by the Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Coastal Region of Jiangsu Province. When the hybrid rice was mature,a total of 28 seeds were collected.The F1generation was cultivated in Sanya (Filed No.,HSF1157)in the winter of the same year.The comprehensive trait of the F1generation was more outstanding,and when it was mature, the rice grains were harvested mixedly.In the summer of 2004,the F2gen-

Main Characteristics of Yan 161S

Performance of fertility

During the May 1stto June 15thof 2007 to 2012,the sowing was carried out once every ten days.During the July 25thto September 10th,the microscopic examination of pollens and observation of bagging self crossing was performed.The sterile period of Yan 161S is stabilized more than 45 d.The pollen abortion type is on pollen.From the sterility in the sterile period to the fertility in the fertile period,the Yan 161S showed good restoration.It was identified by the experts from the Jiangsu Provincial Crop Variety Appraisal Committee on August 26th, 2012.The identification results showed that the sterile plant rate was 100%,the pollen sterility was 100%, and the self-fruitful rate was 0%.

The fertility of Yan 161S was identified by the China National Rice Research Institute in artificial climate chambers.Under conditions of daily mean temperature of 24℃and day length of 14 h,the pollen sterility was 99.53%,and the self sterility was 99.93%.Under the conditions of daily mean temperature of 28℃and day length of 11.5,12.5,13.5 and 14.5 h, respectively,the pollen sterility was all 100%,and the self sterility was also all 100%.The threshold temperature of fertility conversion ranged from 23 to 24℃.

Flowering habits

The seed production test of Yan 161S was carried out during 2007 to 2012.During the early to middle August in Yancheng,under the condition of normal weather,the flowering was generally started at 08:30 to 09:00, and the full blooming was started at 10:30 to 11:30.Under the condition of low temperature or rainy weather,the flowering was slightly postponed.It generally took 30 to 45 min from the opening to the closure of glume.The flowering duration of single spike was 4-5 d,and of spike population was 8-9 d.The Yan 161S was more sensitive to GA3.It had good outcrossing habit.The stigma was colorless.The exposure rate of stigma was 66.1%, among which,the bilateral exposure rate was 40.6%.The outcrossing rate was about 45.6%.Generally,the yield of seed production was about 3.75 t/hm2.But in the high-yielding fields, the seed production yield reached 4.5 t/hm2.

Main agronomic traits

The young seedlings of Yan 161S were stocky.Its leaves were dark green and slightly wider.The plant type of adult plants was more compact.The plant height was about 85 cm.There were 15-17 leaves and 5 elongate internodes in the main stem. The sizes of flag leaf,second leaf and third leaf were 27.5 cm×1.7 cm,42.1 cm×1.3 cm and 41.5 cm×1.0 cm,respectively.The tillering ability of Yan 161S was moderate.There were 8-9 spikes per plant.The spike size was also moderate with spike length of 23.8 cm.There were about 140.0 spikelets per spike.The grain length was 6.5 mm,and its length to width ratio was 2.9.The kilo-grain weight was 28.1 g.The grains were golden yellow.The straw of glume tip was yellow.The spikes all had tip awns,but their tops were slightly degraded.The panicles were slighted enclosed.The rice grain quality of Yan 161S was better.The main indicators of rice grain quality reached the third level of national standards for high-quality rice grains.In terms of seed production in Yancheng,the sowing was generally carried out during late May to early June;the heading was started at early August;the duration from seeding toheating was 83-85 d;the entire growth period lasted for 113-116 d.Therefore,Yan 161S was a early-maturity medium indica sterile line.

Yield Performance of Yanliangyou 1618

The preliminary test(2009) showed that the yield of Yanliangyou 1618 ranged from 8.10 to 10.08 t/hm2with average yield of 8.97 t/hm2,which was increased by 5.68%compared with that of II-You 084.The regional test(2010)showed that the yield of Yanliangyou 1618 ranged from 7.40 to 9.53 t/hm2with average yield of 8.47 t/hm2,which was increased by 3.74% compared with that of II-You 084(P＜0.01).The yield of Yanliangyou 1618 ranked fourth among those of all the tested rice varieties.The regional test (2011)showed that the yield of Yanliangyou 1618 ranged from 8.25 to 9.30 t/hm2with average yield of 8.66 t/hm2,which was increased by 4.7% compared with that of II-You 084(P＜0.01),ranking fourth among those of all the tested rice varieties.The average yield of Yanliangyou 1618 in the regional test during 2010 to 2011 was 8.57 t/hm2,which was increased by 4.22%compared with that of II-You 084(P＜0.01).In the production test (2013),the yield of Yanliangyou 1618 ranged from 8.29 to 10.21 t/hm2with average yield of 9.24 t/hm2,which was increased by 5.9%compared with that of II-You 084.

Main Characteristics of Yanliangyou 1618

The leaf color of young Yanliangyou seedlings was light green, and the leaves were stubby.The coleoptiles were also stubby and green.The Yanliangyou 1618 had moderate tillering ability.Its plant type was also moderate with plant height of 125 cm.There were 17-18 leaves and 5 elongate internodes in the main stem.The stems were thick and strong.The sheaths showed good stem-enclosing effect.The upper three functional leaves were straight and they had proper light-receiving posture.When the Yanliangyou 1618 was mature,the tips were grass roofshaped,and the stems were green and the grains were yellow.The grain structure in spikes was more coordinate.There were generally 2 325 000 spikes per hectare,and there were about total 180 grains and 142.4 full grains per spike.The fruiting rate of Yanliangyou 1618 was about 80%, and its kilo-grain weight was 29.15 g. There were slightly short awns.The grain quality of Yanliangyou 1618 reached the second level of national high-quality rice grain standards.The test of Rice and Products Quality Supervision and Testing Center,Ministry of Agriculture(2013)showed that the Yanliangyou 1618 had brown rice rate of 81.0%,milled rice rate of 71.6%, head rice rate of 64.2%,grain length of 7.2 mm,length to width ratio of grain of 3.1,chalky rice rate of 20%,chalkiness of 1.6%,transparency of 1 grade,alkali spreading value of 6.0,gel consistency of 70 mm,amylose content of 17.2%and good rice palatability.The incubation identification of Yanliangyou 1618,performed by the Institute of Plant Protection,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 2011 showed that it had stronger disease resistance. It was moderately resistant[JS49-6 strain(third level),Zhe 173 stain(third level)and PX079 stain(third level)] and sensitive[KS-6-6(fifth level)]to bacterial leaf blight;it was immune to all the six physiological races[ZB15, ZC15,ZD1,ZF1,ZE1 and ZG1)of rice blast;it was moderately resistant to spike neck blast[incubation identification(second-level)and natural identification(first-level)];it was highly resistant to sheath blight(HR).In Jiangsu Province,Yanliangyou 1618 was intercropped with wheat as middle rice. The entire growth period of Yanliangyou 1618 was 152 d,which was longer than that of II-You 084 by 6.5 d. Therefore,Yanliangyou 1618 is typed of basic vegetative growth,and it is suitable to be promoted in the medium indica rice-growing areas of Jiangsu Province.

Main Points of Cultivation Technique of Yanliangyou 1618

Date-appropriate sowing

The sowing time should be arranged reasonably for ensuring safe heading and flowering.For semiarid nursery,the sowing amount is generally 150-225 kg/hm2;for dry nursery, the sowing amount is generally 300-375 kg/hm2;for field sowing,the sowing amount is generally 15.0-22.5 kg/hm2.For mechanical transplanting, the sowing is generally performed during May 20thto May 25th,and the seed consumption is 22.5-30.0 kg/hm2in field.During the nursery,the basic fertilizer should be applied sufficiently; the weaning fertilizer should be applied early;the tillering-promoting and pollination-promoting fertilizers should be applied timely.Thus the robust seedlings with more tillers will be bred[3-4].

Date-appropriate transplanting and rational close planting

In general,the semiarid nursery lasts for 30-35 d,the dry nursery lasts for 20-25 d,and the mechanical transplanting-specific nursery lasts for 18-20 d.In the fields with middle or high fertility,the mechanical transplanting density is 240 000-270 000 holes/hm2,and there is 1-2 plants per hole.The basic seedling number should be controlled within 900 000-1 200 000 per hectare.In the fields with low fertility,the transplanting density is 270 000-300 000 holes/hm2, and there is 1-2 plants per hole.During the transplanting,the seedlings should be planted shallowly,and the planting density should be uniform so as to ensure the planting quality.

Scientific fertilization

The yield of Yanliangyou 1618 is 9.75 t/hm2.The high yielding cultivation requires fertilization of 270-300 kg/hm2(calculated as pure nitrogen). In addition,the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be also applied, and they are usually used as basic fertilizer.The nitrogen fertilization should adhere to the principle of"early promotion,middle stabilization and late supplementation".Among the total fertilization amount,the basic fertilizer accounts for about 60%,the tillering fertilizer accounts for about 15%,and the ear granule fertilizer accounts for about 25%.

Water management

In terms of water management, shallow water should be maintained in the early period,deep water should be maintained at the heading and flowering stages,and dry-wet alternative irrigation should be performed at thegrain-filling stage.When the tillers are equivalent among the seedlings 15-20 d after the transplanting,the dry and wet irrigation is started to be performed alternatively.The tiller number should be controlled below 3 750 000 per hectare,and the effective spike number should be controlled within 2 400 000-2 550 000 per hectare. The irrigation is stopped 5 d before the harvesting for ensuring green stems and yellow grains.

Diseases and pests control

Before the sowing,the seeds should be all soaked in drugs for preventing bakanae disease,Aphelenchoides besseyi and other seed-borne diseases;at the seedling stage,more attention should be paid to control Laodelphax striatellus,Stenchaetothrips biformis,aphids and weeds;at the field stage,the rice blast, bacterial leaf blight,sheath blight, black-streaked dwarf disease,borers and brown planthoppers should be better controlled.

Main Points of Seed Production Technique of Yanliangyou 1618

Date-appropriate sowing

The seed production of Yanliangyou 1618 was carried out in Yancheng.The male parent can be planted in two different periods.The first-batch male parent plants can be cultivated in late April to early May, and the second can be cultivated 10-12 d later.The female parent plants can be cultivated 35 d before the cultivation of the first-batch male parent plants.Thus there will be a leaf number difference of 6.5-7.0 between the male and female plants.

Breeding robust seedlings

The semiarid nursery is generally adopted for the male plants.When the nursed seedlings are 30-35 d old,they will be transplanted.There should be 3-4 tillers in each plant.The dry nursery is generally adopted for the female plants.The nursery lasts for 18-20 d. There are 1-2 tillers in each plant.In the seed production fields,the ratio between parental lines is better to be 2:(12-14).The two batches of male plants are transplanted simultaneously.The row and planting spacing among the male plants is(20-25)cm× (13.3-16.7)cm,and among the female plants is 13.3 cm×(16-18)cm. The operating lines must be kept enough,and the basic seedlings must be planted sufficiently.

Scientific water and fertilizer management

The fertilizer consumption is about 300 kg/hm2(calculated as pure nitrogen).The fertilization should adhere to the principle of“early adequacy,middle stabilization and late supplementation”.The basic fertilizer to spike fertilizer is better to be 6∶4.The tillering fertilizer should be applied early,and the ear granule fertilizer should be applied appropriately.In terms of water management,shallow water should be maintained in the early period,deep water should be maintained at the heading and flowering stages,and dry-wet alternative irrigation should be performed at the grainfilling stage.

Spraying of GA3

The spraying amount of GA3is generally 450-600 g/hm2,which is completed three times.The first spraying of GA3is carried out when 50%of the female plants show their spikes in the seed production field (150-225 g/hm2).The second(225-300 g/hm2)and third(75-150 g/hm2) spraying of GA3are carried out on the 2ndand 4thd since the first spraying.At the flowering stage,artificial pollination and other methods are adopted to improve the outcrossing rate and seed yield.

Timely weeding

The duration from the heading to leaf cutting before the working of GA3is a crucial stage for weeding.The weeding must be carried out strictly 3-4 times.When the plants are mature, the male plants are first to be harvested,and then the female plants are harvested by machine.The harvested grains must be dried,cleaned and packed timely.During these processes,the human,mechanical or site’s mixing of harvested grains is forbidden.

Diseases and pests control

Before the sowing,the seeds should be all soaked in drugs for controlling bakanae disease,Aphelenchoides besseyi and other seed-borne diseases;at the seedling stage,more attention should be paid to control Laodelphax striatellus,Stenchaetothrips biformis,aphids and weeds;at the field stage,the rice blast, bacterial leaf blight,sheath blight, black-streaked dwarf disease,borers and brown planthoppers should be better controlled.Thus,the seed yield and seeds’marketability will be both improved.

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Responsible editor:Tingting XU

Responsible proofreader:Xiaoyan WU

籼型光温敏不育系盐161S及其新组合盐两优1618选育与应用

孙明法，严国红，唐红生，王爱民，朱国永，何冲霄，任仲玲，刘凯，张桂云，施伟，万林生，孙红芹，倪正斌，单忠德，姚立生*
（江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所，江苏盐城224002）

江苏沿海地区农科所以广占63S为母本，用自育优质中籼稻中间材料盐229为父本进行杂交，并经多年多代异地选择，2006年育成籼型光温敏不育系盐161S，2013年通过江苏省农作物品种审定委员会鉴定。用盐161S与盐恢888配组育成的优质高产抗病两系杂交水稻新组合盐两优1618，2014年通过江苏省农作物品种审定。介绍了盐161S和盐两优1618的选育经过、特征特性及盐两优1618的栽培、制种技术要点。

两系杂交水稻；光温敏核不育系；盐161S；盐两优1618；选育eration was cultivated in Yancheng (Field No.,SF2246).The sterile plants with good comprehensive trait were cut,but there were still 10 plants kept till the maturity.In the winter of the same year,the F3generation was cultivated in Sanya(Field No.,HS357-366).Till the maturity,a total of 15 plants were selected out.In the summer of 2005,the F4generation was cultivated in Yancheng(Field No.,S103-117).The sterile plants with good comprehensive trait were cut,but there were still 28 plants kept till the maturity.In the summer of the same year, the F5generation was cultivated in Sanya(Field No.,HS143-170).The 05HS161 plants were basically uniform,and their comprehensive trait was outstanding.At the heading stage, the artificial emasculation was carried out,and then the Yanhui 888[1-2](bred from the Yandao 4 line)was crossed to the 05HS161 plants.When the plants were mature,6 05HS161 plants were selected out.In the summer of 2006,the F6generation was cultivated in Yancheng(Field No.,SJ061-066). All the F6plants had uniform growth, good plant and leaf types and good sterility.The genotype of Yan 161S was fixed,and then Yan 161S was reproduced massively.At the same year,the new Yan 161S/Yanhui 888 combination was cultivated in identification nursery.In the nursery,it showed good plant and leaf types, moderate maturity,strong disease resistance and good grain quality.In the summer of 2007,the Yan 161S was reproduced massively,and the Yan 161S/Yanhui 888 was cultivated in a small area.In 2008,the new hybrid rice combination Yan 161S/Yanhui 888 was identified by the Jiangsu Provincial Crop Variety Appraisal Committee.In the identification,the Yan 161S/Yanhui 888 showed good plant and leaf types,moderate maturity,strong disease resistance,larger spikes,larger and more rice grains and good grain quality.In 2009,the Yan 161S/Yanhui 888 took part in the preliminary test of indica hybrid rice in Jiangsu Province.Its yield was much higher than that of II-You 084,and its comprehensive trait was also more outstanding.During 2010-2011,the Yanliangyou 1618(Yan 161S/Yanhui 888)participated in the regional test of indica hybrid rice in Jiangsu Province. Its yield was significantly higher than that of II-You 084,its pikes were larger and grains were heavier,and its rice grain quality reached the third level of national standard.In addition,the disease resistance of Yanliangyou 1618 was stronger.The seed production of Yanliangyou 1618 was carried out in 2012.It participated in the production test in 2013.The test results showed that the yield of Yanliangyou 1618 was significantly increased compared with that of II-You 084,its rice grain quality reached the second level of international standard,and it also showed stronger disease resistance.The Yanliangyou 1618 passed the variety identification of Jiangsu Province in 2014,and then it was officially named.

江苏省农业科技自主创新资金［CX（14）2047］；江苏省“333工程”科研项目资助计划（BRA2012084）。

孙明法（1966-），男，江苏兴化人，研究员，研究方向：水稻遗传育种，E-mail：smf559@163. com。*通讯作者，E-mail：13705108818@163.com。

2015-04-01

2015-05-15

Supported by Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund[CX(14) 2047];"333 Project"of Jiangsu Province(BRA2012084).

*Corresponding author.E-mail:13705108818@163.com

Received:April 1,2015 Accepted:May 15,2015