国家现代表演艺术中心，西班牙港，特立尼达和多巴哥共和国

建筑设计：李瑶/华东建筑设计研究院

国家现代表演艺术中心，西班牙港，特立尼达和多巴哥共和国

建筑设计：李瑶/华东建筑设计研究院

1 鸟瞰/Aerial view

特立尼达和多巴哥国家现代表演艺术中心，是该国为迎接2009年的英联邦首脑会议而兴建的。建筑通过对于钢鼓打击乐，这一加勒比岛国特有的音乐器具的演绎，塑造了一座奔放而民族化的音乐殿堂。这座展现民族文化特色的国家剧院于2006年启动设计，历时4年时间实施完成。

地理

特立尼达和多巴哥共和国位于中北美洲加勒比海南端，由小安的列斯群岛中两个加勒比岛组成，首都西班牙港市坐落于特立尼达岛上，热带雨林的气候特征孕育了奔放热情的民族性格，每年2月的狂欢节更是位列全球4大狂欢节之中。

国家现代表演艺术中心项目位于西班牙港的东北角，北临皇后公园，西临外交部大楼，南临齐特大街，东临国家纪念塔，处于首都西班牙港行政中心区的关键节点。

定位

艺术中心的设置主要用于特多民族艺术之国粹——钢鼓乐的表演、教授和艺术培训，并涵盖了配套宾馆等功能，主剧场同时兼顾音乐厅、影院、国际会议等功能。设计充分考虑到当地民族文化艺术的特点及其艺术场馆的表演、教授和艺术培训等使用要求，采用赋有地域和民族特征的建筑语汇以创造出全新的建筑风格。

项目用地面积为39860m2，总建筑面积为25550m2,其中地上22126m2,地下3424m2。由一座1240座的国家级专业剧场，以及包含52套客房的附属高星级酒店形成其主体功能；作为特多音乐艺术的摇篮，表演艺术学院作为其第3个功能单元。剧场和宾馆部分为4层，表演学院为3层布局。

立意

作为美洲民族的音乐情感表达，打击乐钢鼓成为了标志性的民族乐器。国家现代表演艺术中心将充分展现钢鼓乐的艺术形式，寻找民族与现代的契合点以充分体现其作为国家艺术殿堂的文化内涵。

建筑形体舒展分布和特立尼达和多巴哥国花形成呼应，建筑外墙质感来源于钢鼓乐乐器的联想，金属质感的艺术中心如绽放在加勒比海的艺术奇葩，散发独特的艺术表现力。

布局

总体布局结合建筑形态将功能划分成3个区域。剧场部分置于基地东侧，主体建筑位于基座之上，宏伟脱俗；剧院配套宾馆设施设于基地的西北侧，构成了北侧花瓣，表演学院位于建筑群落的西南侧，其主入口位于基地南侧。

环境

3个广场作为开放性的公众景观广场，巧妙地依照建筑形态与用地特性布置了与建筑主体贴近的音乐喷泉水景；剧场前演艺广场为剧场提供了聚散空间，同样可以作为钢鼓乐演奏的室外剧场。

观众厅

观众厅的平面形状总体呈钟形，在保证具有良好视角和视距的条件下以容纳较多的观众，绝大部分听众均在直达声的覆盖范围内。视距较短的特征密切了观众与表演者的交流，体现了较好的亲切感。观众厅长度约28m，最大宽度约32m，整个观众厅共计座位1240座。其中观众区包括一个有起坡的池座区和二层楼座区；靠近侧墙处另各设有两层包厢。

风格

现代建筑风格的室内设计传递出特多人民奔放、炽热的民族气质。在兼顾国家剧院所需具有的庄重典雅特征和钢鼓乐演奏奔放特质的基础上，剧场选用红色作为剧场主基调，既形成富贵浓重的温暖剧场气氛，也可以配合灯光形成欢快热烈的狂欢场景。

在刻画出温暖的剧场主体空间的基础上，公共部分大量运用灰色，使建筑的外观金属质感和内部核心使用区域温暖热情的气质得以良好过渡，入口大厅的灰色基调很好地突现出和内部剧场氛围对应的红色主题墙，成为西班牙港夜色中的聚焦所在。

团队

该项目由上海建工（集团）获得总承包权，并通过方案比选选定了实施方案，项目设计团队形成了完整的项目建筑团队构架，汇集常规设计和专业顾问团队，完成了从景观设计到室内设计的全设计范围。作为一次海外全设计过程的项目，时差、规范依然是实施的挑战。单程44小时的路途也让设计人员畏惧，幸好依托着我们建设央视项目的国际化、顾问团队化和协同设计的经验，跨过了大洲间的距离，带着我们的建筑梦想，为这个充满活力的加勒比岛国奉献了一个全新建筑标志，也为钢鼓乐提供了一个奔放的建筑舞台。

2 外景/Exterior view

Trinidad and Tobago National Academy for the Performing Arts (NAPA) was built to welcome the British Commonwealth Summit in 2009. Inspired by the steel drum percussion, a special musical instrument of the Caribbean island, the unrestrained national music hall was created. The project of the theatre, unique in cultural characteristics, started in 2006 and was completed four years later.

Geography

Trinidad and Tobago is located in the south end of Caribbean Sea of North and Central America. It consists of two Caribbean islands of the Lesser Antilles. Port of Spain, the capital, is located on the island of Trinidad. The typical climate of tropical rainforest breeds an enthusiastic national character.The carnival in February each year is listed as one of the world's four largest carnivals.

The center is located in the northeast angle of Port of Spain, with Queens Park to the north, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to the west, Keate Street to the south and the National Memorial Tower to the east. It is at the key node of the central administration district of Port of Spain.

Location

The center is primarily used for the quintessence of national arts, i.e. steel drum performances and training. It also has hotel function. The main theatre can serve as concert hall, cinema and international conference hall. The design has taken into consideration the characteristics of the local ethnic cultural and arts as well as the requirements as a center for art performances and training. It has created a brand new style of architecture with a vocabulary full of geographical and ethnic characteristics.

The project covers an area of 39860m2, with a total construction area of 25550m2, 22126m2on the ground and 3424m2under the ground. Its main functional body is made up of a 1240-seat national professional theatre and an affiliated hotel of higherstar rating, containing 52 rooms. As the cradle of the music of Trinidad and Tobago, the Performing Arts School serves as the third functional unit. The theatre and the hotel are arranged on four storeys, whereas the Performing Arts School on three.

Conception

As musical expression of national emotions, steel drum percussion has become a symbolic national musical instrument. NAPA fully demonstrates the art of steel drum and reflects its cultural connotation by integrating the national characteristics with modernity.

The architecture stretches in a way reminiscent of the national flower of Trinidad and Tobago. The texture of the exterior wall comes from the linked concept of steel drum. The center, with its metal texture, looks like an artistic flower blooming in the Caribbean Sea, disseminating unique artistic expression.

Layout

The overall layout, taking architectural form into consideration, is divided into three parts according to their different functions: the theatre is located in the east of the base, the main building right on the base, and the affiliated hotel facilities in the northwest of the base, forming the north petal part. The acting school is located to the southwest of the architecture complex with its main entrance to the south of the base.

Environment

There are three public landscape squares. Close to the main building a music fountain is arranged, which skilfully accords with the building shape and land characteristics. The plaza in front of the theatre provides a gathering place that can also be used as outdoor theatre for steel drum performance.

Audience Hall

3 首层平面/Floor 0 plan4 剖面/Section

The plane shape of the audience hall looks like a bell, which provides the audience with best angles and proper distance from the stage. It is able to accommodate a large audience that are within direct sound coverage. Short distance between the audience and the performers ensures better exchange between them, reflecting a cordial feeling. The audience hall is about 28m in length, with maximum width of about 32m. There are 1240 seats in the audience hall, of which the audience area includes a loge area with slopes and a two-storeyed gallery area. Separate two-storeyed balconies are arranged near the side walls.

Style

The interior modern architectural style conveys the bold and fiery national temperament of the people of Trinidad and Tobago. In consideration of the dignified and elegant characteristics of National Theatre and the unrestrained traits of steel drum music, the theatre adopts red color as its key tone, producing a warm and prosperous atmosphere, which can also be a cheerful carnival scene under bright lighting.

On the basis of depicting the warmth of the main space, most of the public area is painted grey. It produces a good transit between the building's external metal texture and internal core areas. The grey tone at the entrance hall successfully highlights the red theme wall in respond to the internal atmosphere. The center has become the focus of Port of Spain in the night.

Team

The project is undertaken by Shanghai Construction Group. The final plan was confirmed through careful comparison of various proposals. The team consisted of conventional architects and professional consultants that were able to complete all the work, from landscape design to interior design. Being responsible for the entire design process of the overseas project, the team was challenged by time lag and regulations for implementation. In addition, the 44 hours of oneway journey was very tiring for the designers. Fortunately, relying on their rich experience in international projects, they overcame the obstacles and contributed a new landmark to the vigorous Caribbean island and also a free architectural stage for steel drum.

5-7 内景/Interior view

评论

龙灏：这一建筑使人立即联想到几位著名的建筑师和结构工程师——来自西班牙的托罗哈、坎德拉和来自乌拉圭的迪斯特，他们背后有一个同样的身影——西班牙加泰罗尼亚的砖拱劵。特立尼达和多巴哥共和国位于中美洲，首都西班牙港却暗示了这个国家与西班牙的瓜葛。来自中国的设计团队采用了具有典型地域文化特色的建筑结构形式——薄壳，但这次不是砖，亦非钢筋混凝土，而是金属与玻璃，粗壮的金属质拱与奔放的钢鼓乐产生了共鸣。中国建筑师将触角伸向海外时，如何领会当地的历史与文化并与现代融合，它提供了范本。张悦：大型现代剧场及会议中心，通常在功能和技术上给建筑师带了极大的挑战。在本项目中，各种功能在平面上被理性而有序地组织在一个巨型空间之中，建筑造型和剖面也与结构形式配合严谨，很好地体现了中国大型设计企业的综合专业水准。另外，设计在造型和材料选择上，从当地著名狂欢节乐器——钢鼓中汲取了灵感，这是对建筑所容纳的本土文化展演的一种尊重态度。

项目信息/Credits and Data

客户/Client: UdeCott

建设单位/Contractor: 上海建工（集团）海外部/Shanghai Construction Group

建筑设计团队/Project Team: 李瑶，吴正，邵晶，苏涛，刘芳，宋莹/LI Yao, WU Zheng, SHAO Jing, SU Tao, LIU Fang, SONG Ying

用地面积/Site Area: 39860m2

建筑面积/Floor Area: 25550m2

设计周期/Design Period: 2006.04-11

Comments

LONG Hao: This building (NAPA) reminds us of several famous structure engineers and architects－Torroja and Candela from Spain and Dieste from Uruguay. Behind them there is a same figure－the brick arch in Catalonia, Spain. The Republic of Trinidad and Tobago is located in Central America. The name of its capital city, Port of Spain, suggests its connection with the country far away. In this project the Chinese architectural team adopted a typical structure with the local geographical and cultural characteristics －the shell, which is not

of brick or concrete, but of metal and glass. The large stout metal arches produce a response to the exuberant steel drum music. When Chinese architects stretch out their arms overseas, NAPA provides a model for how to understand the local history and culture and express them in modern language.

ZHANG Yue: Large modern theatre and performing arts centre bring the architect great challenges in functional and technical design. In this project, a variety of functions are arranged orderly and rationally in a huge space. The form and the section are in conformity to the structure, which well reflects the comprehensive professional competence of large architectural firms in China. The choice of form and materials was inspired by the local musical instrument in carnivals – the steel drum. It is a respect to the local culture that is contained in the building.

National Academy for the Performing Arts North Campus, Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago, 2009

Architects: LI Yao/East China Architectural Design & Research Institute