倒装句的三大类别

袁黎 胡同梅

倒装是高中英语语法的重要组成部分，分为语法倒装和修饰倒装。根据倒装方式的不同又可将其分成三类，即全部倒装、部分倒装、强调部分提前与主谓顺序无关的倒装。例如：

I write a book.

全部倒装为： Write I a book. （全部倒装要将整个谓语部分提到主语的前面）

部分倒装为： Do I write a book. （部分倒装就是将原句变为一般疑问句）

强调部分提前与主谓顺序无关的倒装为： a book I write.

一、全部倒装

1. 以副词如：表示地点的副词here/there，表时间的副词now/then，表位移的副词up/down， in/out， away， off 等开头，且主语为名词的句子要全部倒装。例如：

①The bus comes here.

倒装句为：Here comes the bus.

（此句满足了以上两个条件：以副词开头；主语是名词）

②When the bell rang， the children rushed out.

倒装句为：When the bell rang， out rushed the children.

注意：下面这样的句子就不能全部倒装。

③He came here.

只能改为： Here he came.

（此句只满足了副词开头的条件，而另一个条件，主语必须是名词没有满足，故不能改成全部倒装句）

2. 表示方位的介词短语开头（不管介词短语是在主句的开头还是在从句的开头）。例如：

①A boy stood in front of the classroom.

倒装句为： In front of the classroom stood a boy.

②A little girl sat between the old couple.

倒装句为：Between the old couple sat a little girl.

③I used to live in a small village， throught which flowed a river.

陈述句为： A small river flowed a river.

④When we got to the playground， we found a sign on which was written “wet paint”.

陈述句为：“wet paint” was written on the sign.

3. 表语提前的倒装（一般情况下含有be动词的短语构成的句子都可以变成表语提前的倒装形式）。例如：

①Chairman Xi was present at the meeting.习主席出席了这次会议。

倒装句为：Present at the meeting was Chairman Xi. 出席会议的有习主席。

②Some students were seated on the ground. 一些学生坐在地上。

倒装句为： Seated on the ground were some students. 地上坐着一些学生。

③His father is following him. 他的爸爸正跟着他。

倒装句为：Following him is his father. 跟着他的是他的爸爸。

④Some tools he used when he was alive were buried with him. 一些他生前使用过的工具和他埋在一起。

倒装句为：Buried with him were some tools he used when he was alive. 和他埋在一起的是一些他生前使用过的工具。

二、将句子变为一般疑问句的部分倒装

1. only加状语开头，例如：

①We can achieve success only by working hard.

倒装句为：Only by working hard can we achieve success.

②I go to school on foot only when it rains.

倒装句为：Only when it rains do I go to school on foot.

③The whole thing makes sense only if you show us the evidence.

倒装句为：Only if you show us the evidence does the whole thing make sense.

④I realized that I would feel relieved only if I shared my feelings with my friends.

倒装句为： I realized that only if I shared my feelings with my friends would I feel relieved.

2. 以否定词或否定短语开头的句子。如否定词 never， seldom， little， nowhere， hardly， not等，否定短语in no case， by no means， on no account， under no circumstances， at no time等。例如：

①By no means will I help you with your trouble.

陈述句为： I will by no means help you with your trouble.

②陈述句： I have never heard such nonsense in all my life.

倒装句为： Never have I heard such nonsense in all my life.

③陈述句： I didnt say a word at the meeting.

倒装句为： Not a word did I say at the meeting.

④陈述句： The car was nowhere to be found. 倒装句为： Nowhere was the lost car to be found.

注意：句型hardly ... when， no sooner ... than， scarcely ... when的时态和倒装。例如：

①Hardly had I sat down when the doorbell rang.

②No sooner had I turned on the TV than he asked me to turn it off.

这两个句型中前面的主句一般用过去完成时态，后面的从句用过去时，翻译为“一……就……”。

另：not only ... but also ...的倒装，只倒装前半部分。例如：

Not only does she like English but also she is fond of maths.

陈述句为： She not only likes English but also she is fond of maths.

3. 为加强语气，“so（such） ... that ... ”结构中的so或such位于句首用倒装。例如：

①陈述句： She runs so fast that I cant catch up with her.

倒装句为： So fast does she run that I cant catch up with her.

②陈述句： She found such a valuable coin that she became very excited.

倒装句为： Such a valuable coin did she find that she became very excited.

注意：此句型只倒装前半句。

4. 如果前面句子中所说的情况也适用于后面的句子，后面的句子常用so（肯定句）、 nor或 neither（否定句）引导构成倒装句，并用do（does，did）代替实义动词。例如：

①They like swimming， so do I. （意思是：I like swimming， too.）

②she is used to living in the country， so am I.（意思是：I am used to living in the country， too.）

③The boy wasnt late for the class， neither was his deskmate. （意思是：His deskmate wasnt late for the class， either.）

④I dont know that you are here， nor do I care whether you are here.

注意：这种倒装句如果前后两句的“谓语+宾语”或者系表结构部分相同，则相同的部分省略，用do/does或系动词将替换掉。如果前后两句的谓语及其他部分不一样时，将所有的内容留下，句子变为一般疑问句的形式，如最后一个例句。

5. 虚拟语气中省略if的倒装

如果虚拟条件句中的谓语部分含有were， had或should，可以把if省略，将它们放在句首，变成倒装句。例如：

①陈述句： If it were to rain tomorrow， we would have to stay at home.

倒装句为： Were it to rain tomorrow， we would have to stay at home.

②陈述句： If I had taken an umbrella with me， I wouldnt have got wet all over.

倒装句为： Had I taken an umbrella with me， I wouldnt have got wet all over.

③陈述句： If you should act like that again， I would have you punished.

倒装句为： Should you act like that again， I would have you punished.

三、只将强调部分提前，主谓顺序不变的倒装

1.有as或though表示“尽管”的让步状语从句要倒装，其结构只将强调的形容词（副词，动词，分词等）放到句首，然后接上as（/though）加主语和谓语。

①Young as he is， he knows a lot. （前半句陈述语序为：as he is young， 倒装句中把young提到了句首）

②Child as he is， he is brave. （前半句陈述语序为：as he is a child， 倒装时将child提前，省略了冠词。这里特别注明当把名词提前时去掉冠词）

③Try as he will， he may fail again. （前半句的陈述语序为：as he wil try，将动词try提到了句首构成倒装。）

2.the more...， the more...句型的倒装。两个并列句表示“越……，就越……”的倒装方式与上面的规则一样，只将强调的部分提前改为比较级，主谓顺序不变。例如：

①The higher you stand， the farther you will see. 站得越高，看得越远。

陈述句为： You stand high， you will see far. （将句子中的high和far提前变为比较级加上the，构成倒装句）

②The harder you work， the more progress you will make.

陈述句为：You work hard， you will make much progress. （将句子中的hard和much progress变为比较级提前，加上the构成倒装句）

3.感叹句也是倒装句的一类。先写出陈述句，再把要强调感叹的词提前，在形容词前加how，名词前加what，就构成了感叹句。例如：

①陈述句： The children are happy. 孩子们很开心。

感叹句为：How happy the children are. 孩子们是多么开心呀！（happy是形容词， 所以以how开头。

②陈述句： I found a beautiful flower. 我发现了一朵漂亮的花。

感叹句为：What a beautiful flower I found. 或 How beautiful a flower I found.

注意：感叹句有三种结构：how+adj.+（a/an+n.）+主语+谓语；what+（a/an）+（adj.）+n+主语+谓语；how+adv.+主谓。