李琼霞
一、2015年全国各地高考书面表达统计表
二、根据以上高考书面表达材料,我们总结出2015年书面表达具有以下亮点:
题材内容丰富,贴近考生生活
在2015年14套英语试卷中,所有选篇材料都与当代社会生活有关,题材涉及故事、人文、社会现象、文化活动等,时代性强,题材广泛,内容不重复,但又不涉及政治问题。由此可见,所选话题都贴近考生实际生活,写作话题真实,让考生有内容可写。
体裁形式多样,注重能力考查
综观14篇书面表达,体裁与类型多样,包括6篇电子邮件,3篇议论文或叙议结合的文章,2篇缩写+议论文,2篇看图作文和1篇续写作文。可见,书面表达重点考查考生在具体语境和交际中的实际运用,既考查词汇和语法知识,也考查对句子的理解能力,还考查考生谋篇布局的能力,以及理解主旨、识别意图、捕捉观点和态度等综合性语言运用能力。
要求考生了解多样的生活习俗与习惯,提升跨文化交际能力
文化意识是高中英语课程目标结构的重要组成部分,也是体现语言综合运用能力的重要标识。如全国新课标卷Ⅰ,写信给美国朋友,让其介绍美国的节日风俗和中学生生活,北京卷在“传统文化进校园”活动中让同学们向面人艺术家学习捏面人,这些写作情景比较真实,考查考生的文化理解能力。
阅卷老师给出的
高分Tips
高分段作文,级别:
(全国新课标卷Ⅰ)假定你是李华,你校英文报“外国文化”栏目拟刊登美国节日风俗和中学生生活的短文。请给美国朋友彼得写信约稿,要点如下:
1.栏目介绍;2.稿件内容;3.稿件长度:约400个词汇 ;4.交稿日期:6月28日前。
注意:
1.词数100左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;3.开头语已为你写好。
【例文】
Dear Peter,
Id like to ask you to write an article for our schools English newspaper.
The “Foreign Cultures” section in our newspaper is extremely popular among us students, which carries articles written by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries. Would you please write something about the culture in your part of the United States? To be honest, we would especially welcome articles about how Americans spend their holidays and festivals as well as the life of American high school students. You can write anything relevant so long as its interesting and informative. 400 words would be fine. Could we have your article before June 28?
Im looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours,
Li Hua
【例文评析】
1.文章完成了试题规定的任务,完全达到了预期的写作目的。
2.本文内容要点齐全,覆盖了栏目介绍、稿件内容、稿件长度、交稿日期等所给出的写作要点。
3.文章结构完整,分段合理,层次分明,语言地道,表达流畅,没有出现人称、时态、拼写、标点符号等错误。
4.文章运用了有效的高级词汇和语法结构,提升了文章的档次和水平。如使用高级词汇extremely、especially、anything relevant等,词组be popular among、look forward to等。此外,还运用了非谓语动词和复合句型,如“which carries articles written by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries”,既使用了非限制性定语从句,又用过去分词短语做后置定语;“ we would especially welcome articles about how Americans spend their holidays and festivals...”使用了宾语从句;“You can write anything relevant so long as its interesting and informative”一句则体现了状语从句的魅力。
5.按照写作提示组织材料,适当发挥,增加了部分细节,文章除表明“美国节日风俗和中学生生活”外,还增加了“You can write anything relevant so long as its interesting and informative”這一细节。此外,文章还使用了恰当的连词使行文衔接连贯,如to be honest、as well as、so long as等。
中分段作文,级别:
(福建卷)请阅读下面图画,按要求用英语写一篇词数为120左右的短文。
凿壁偷光
内容包括:
1. 描述画面;2. 概述其含义;3. 谈谈个人感想。
注意:
1. 短文开头已给出,不计入总词数;
2. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3. 短文中不能出现与本人相关的信息。
参考词汇:凿、钻:bore
【例文】
In the picture, we can see a boy sitting at a wooden table and read books. A light came in through a small hole in the wall and he was absorbed in his reading.
This is a famous story from an ancient Chinese idiom. The boy was very poor and couldnt afford to buy a candle, so he bored a hole in the wall and steal light from his neighbor to read at night. It tells us that we should study hard to get knowledge and overcome the difficulties.
As a student, I think we should learn from the little boy. Nowadays our life is better, but we should still study hard and get prepared for the future. Please remember, hard work pays off.
【例文评析】
1.文章基本完成了试题规定的任务,整体而言,基本达到了预期的写作目的。
2.文章覆盖了所有的写作要点,但在描述图片内容时不够细致、精确,如衣服上的补丁、木桌上的一堆书、微弱的光线等一系列细节都没有描写到位。可以进一步修改成:As is shown in the picture, we can see a boy in worn clothes, sitting at a shabby wooden table with a pile of books on it. A weak ray of light came in through a small hole in the wall and he was absorbed in his reading.
3.文章结构完整,段落分明,时态基本正确,但有一些语法结构和词汇方面的错误。如“so he bored a hole in the wall and steal light from his neighbor to read at night”这一句,bored和steal时态没有保持一致。事实上,“凿壁”是为了“偷光”,所以应改成“so he bored a hole in the wall to steal light ...”会更精确。
4.文章使用的语法结构和词汇基本能满足试题的要求。比较明显的亮点词汇表达有be absorbed in、afford to do、pays off等,文中还使用了“It tells us that ...”“I think we should ...”两个宾语从句。
5.文章使用了简单的语句间的连接成分,全文内容较连贯,如so、still、as a student、I think等。
低分段作文,级别:
(浙江卷)在班级活动中,当你的想法与大多数同学不一致时,你是坚持自己的观点并说服别人,还是尊重大多数同学的意见?请你以“When I Have a Different Opinion”为题,用英文写一篇100—120个词的短文。要求如下:
1.从以上两种做法中选择一种;
2.以具体事例阐述你选择的理由。
注意:短文中,不得以任何形式透露地区、学校、同学姓名等真实信息,否则,将按考试作弊行为认定。
【例文】
When I Have a Different Opinion
We may have different opinions in organizing class activities. When I have a different opinion, what would you do?
Sometimes I will stick to my own opinion, but sometimes I will listen to others opinions. When I have a better idea, I tell my classmates about it. But if not, I follow my classmates. One time, our class wanted to go out for a picnic. I said the park is the best place. So all the classmates agreed with me and we had a good time.
So when you have a different opinion, what would you do? Please tell me next time.
【例文评析】
1.题干要求从两种做法中选择一种来进行叙述,但文章却将两种做法一并论述;题干要求以具体事例来阐述选择的理由,但文中的事例描述仅仅是简单、粗糙地讲了一个例子,并没有明确阐述理由,明显未能清晰、有效地达到试题的要求。因此,文章明显不符合内容要点,考生写了一些无关题意的语句,并且未能描述清楚一些主要内容,原因可能是未理解试题要求。
2.文章出现了明显的人称、时态、语法上的错误,严重影响了文章的质量。如“When I have a different opinion, what would you do?”一句,前后人称不一致,应把第一人称“I”改成“you”;其他人的意见应是othersopinions而不是others opinions;“When I have a better idea, I tell my classmates about it”一句,根据主句将来时态、从句一般时态的原则,应改为“When I have a better idea, I will tell my classmates about it”;“ I said the park is the best place”一句则出现时态错误,应改为“I said the park was the best place”,等等。
3.文章使用的句型和语法结构单一,缺少亮点。整篇文章基本上都是簡单句和and、but引导的并列句,并且只有三个when引导的时间状语从句,没有其他复合句型和亮点。
4.文章较少使用语句间的连接成分,内容缺少连贯性。
《求学》提醒:考场高分作文你不知道的5个方面
1.认真审题,按照试题规定完成任务,注意格式、人称、时态的正确性;
2.文章内容要点齐全;
3.文章结构完整,分段合理;
4.使用高级词汇、复杂的复合句型和语法结构来增加亮点;
5.使用恰当的连词使行文连贯。
求学·文科版2015年9期