Effects of Seed Soaking with Pniconazole and Substrate Formula on Seedling Quality of RaPeseed

Jianqin GAO，Huiming PP，Weihua LONG，Maolong HP，Song CHEN，Xiaoying ZHOP，Wei ZHANG

lnstitute of lndustrial Crops，Jiangsu AcademY of Agricultural Sciences/Nanjing Branch of National Rapeseed lmprovement Center，Nanjing 210014，China

Effects of Seed Soaking with Pniconazole and Substrate Formula on Seedling Quality of RaPeseed

Jianqin GAO*，Huiming PP，Weihua LONG，Maolong HP，Song CHEN，Xiaoying ZHOP，Wei ZHANG

lnstitute of lndustrial Crops，Jiangsu AcademY of Agricultural Sciences/Nanjing Branch of National Rapeseed lmprovement Center，Nanjing 210014，China

［Objective］To cultivate blanket rapeseed seedlings suitable for automatic mechanical transplanting，the effects of seed soaking with uniconazole and substrate formula on seed germination and seedling qualitY of rapeseed were investigated using HY4 as the material. ［Method］The rapeseed seeds were soaked in different concentrations（0，5，10，20，30，40 and 50 mg/L）of uniconazole for 0，1，2，4 and 8 h，respectivelY.SubsequentlY，theY were dried naturallY.After the preliminarY screening carried out in petri dishes and in a laboratorY，the optimum soaking concentration and time of uniconazole were obtained.On the other hand，the rapeseed seeds were soaked in different concentrations （0，5，10，15 and 20 mg/L）of uniconazole for 0，1 and 2 h，respectivelY for outdoor pot experiment.At the same time，the screening of optimum substrate formula for cultivating blanket rapeseed seedlings was carried out.The field test was carried out to verifY the screened optimum substrate formula. ［Result］The results of petri dish experiment showed that seed soaking with uniconazole could delaY seed germination，reduce seed germination rate，inhibit hYpocotYl elongation and promote root growth.When the soaking concentration exceeded 30 mg/L and soaking time exceeded 2 h，the effect of seed soaking with uniconazole on seed germination was greater，and the seed soaking inhibited root growth.The results of outdoor pot experiment showed that the soaking concentrations and timesallsignificantlYreduced seedling height，slowed shoot growth and promoted root growth，which all contributed to the cultivation of blanket rapeseed seedlings suitable for automatic mechanical transplanting.ln the substrate formula，the lower the proportion of soil was，the better the seedling growth was.ln the substrate with lower proportion of soil，the seed germination rate，plant height，root vigor and drY matter accumulation were all increased（P＜0.05），which was verified bY the field test.When the soaking concentration was less than 10 mg/L and soaking time was less than 1 h，the uniconazole showed weaker regulation effect on seedling growth，and the rapeseed seedlings were higher.ln the substrate with soil proportion less than 50%，the adequate fertilitY relativelY weakened the regulation effect of uniconazole on seedling growth，and the rapeseed seedlings were larger.［Conclusion］When the soaking concentration ranged within 15-20 mg/L and soaking time ranged within 1-2 h and the proportion of soil in substrate was 50%，the height of cultivated rapeseed seedlings was less than 18 cm，there were 5-6 leaves remained on each plant and the nursing period was shortened to 30-40 d，which were all beneficial to industrial production.

Uniconazole；Seed soaking；Substrate formula；Seedling qualitY

R apeseed nursing and transplanting can effectivelY solve the conflicts between sowing times.Before the maturitY of last-season crops，the rapeseed seedlings are nursed in beds，thus the rapeseed seedlings can be transplanted earlier and theY can make fuller use of the light and temperature conditions before winter，compensating for the longterm deficiencies of whole-Year alternative cropping.Noreover，the Yieldloss can also be reduced.So，nursing and transplanting are the main planting pattern for winter rapeseed in Yangtze River Basin［1-2］.The transplanting of nursed rapeseed seedlings is currentlY carried out bY hand and machine.Artificial transplanting is characterized bY large amount of labor，high costs and low efficiencY.With the acceleration of urbanization，rural labor shortage becomes serious，so mechanicaltransplanting ofrapeseed seedlings is imperative［3］.Nechanical transplanting is the main technologY for simplified cultivation of rapeseed，and is also the important development direction of cultivation technologY of winterrapeseed in Yangtze River Basin.However，the cultivation area of mechanicallY transplanted rapeseed is relativelY small，which is mainlY due to the mismatching between agricultural machinerY and agronomY.First，the currentlY used and promoted clampstYle，disc-tYpe，hanging basket-stYle and belt-tYpe transplanters are basicallY medium and small sized and semi-automatic，and theY require artificial feeding seedlings with lower efficiencY（60 plants/min）［4-5］.Second，the conventionallY cultivated seedlings are larger and higher，and can not be directlY transplanted bY machine［6］. Combining agricultural machinerY and agronomY，the Nanjing lnstitute of Agricultural Nechanization and Yangzhou UniversitY developed a technologY for cultivating blanket seedlings that are suitable for mechanical transplanting，and the efficiencY is 60 times higher than that of artificial transplanting，and 13 times higher than that of chain-tYpe transplanting［7］. Therefore，the cultivating of robust rapeseed seedlings with appropriate age （30-40 d）and dwarf plant（≤18 cm）has become an important part of rapeseed breeding technologY innovation.The spraYing of uniconazole on rapeseed seedlings could improve root growth，reduce leaf area，preventing excessive growth of rapeseed seedlings［8-12］.There are also some reports on application of uniconazole in resistance improvement of rapeseed［13-18］.However，due to differences in test materials and studY objectives，there are large differences in obtained conclusions.There are rare reports on application of uniconazole in cultivation of blanket rapeseed seedlings suitable for mechanical transplanting. ln this studY，the effects of seed soaking with uniconazole and substrate formula on seed germination and seedling growth were investigated，therebY providing technical support for cultivation of blanket rapeseed seedlings suitable for mechanical transplanting.

Materials and Methods

Test materials

Thenew Brassicanapusline HY4 was used as test material.The uniconazole is powder of analYticallY pure grade.Using ethanol as a solvent，the mother liquor with concentration of 5 000 ppm was prepared.ln the lrish peat moss matrix （pH 5.3-5.7），the contents of N，P2O5and K2O were 180，210 and 360 mg/kg，respectivelY.The testsoilisYellow brown soil（pH 6.76-6.95），containing 97.5，24.6 and 120 mg/kg of N，P2O5and K2O，respectivelY.

Test design

Test 1:The rapeseed seeds were soaking in different concentrations（0（CK），5，10，20，30，40 and 50 mg/L）of uniconazole for 0，1，2，4 and 8 h，respectivelY.TheY were dried naturallY. The germination tests were carried out on petri dishes on November 12，November27and December11，2013，respectivelY.There were 5 petri dishes for each treatment everY time，and there were 100 rapeseed seeds on each petri dish.The germination rates， hYpocotYl lengths， radicle lengths and root vigors were counted and measured on 3 and 7 respectivelY after the sowing.

Test 2:Based on the results of Test 1，the rapeseed seeds were soaked in different concentrations（0（CK），5，10，15 and 20 mg/L）of uniconazole for 0，1 and 2 h，respectivelY. At the same time，four different substrates（A，75%soil+25%matrix；B，50%soil+50%matrix；C，25%soil+ 75%matrix；D，100%matrix）were prepared for outdoor pot test.The rapeseed seeds were sowed on Narch 5，Narch 10 and Narch 15，2014，respectivelY.There were 10 pots for each treatment，and there were 50 seeds in each pot.The germination rates were counted and recorded. The seedling thinning was completed before the two-leaf stage，and the final planting densitY was arranged as 1 500 000 plants/hm2.From the fourleaf stage on，the water supplY was controlled.During the whole growth period，fertilizers were not applied，and pests and diseases were controlled. The seedling height，leaf number，leaf SPAD，maximum leaf area，root vigor，shoot drY weight and root drY weight of each plant were surveYed 40 d after the sowing.

Test 3:ln accordance with the program of Test 2，the sowing of rapeseed seeds was carried outon September 25，September 30 and October 5，2014，respectivelY.The germination rates of rapeseed seeds soaked bY uniconazole were verified bY nurserY traYs.There were 10 traYs for each treatment，and total 42 plants were remained in each traY with planting densitY of 3 000 000 plants/hm2.The nurserY traY test was repeated once.The growth situations of hYpocotYls and cotYledons were surveYed 7 d after the sowing.From the four-leaf age on，the water supplY was controlled.There were no fertilizers applied during the whole growth period.The seedling heights，leaf numbers，maximum leaf length and width，chlorophYll content，shoot drY weight and root drY weight of each plant were surveYed 40 d after the sowing.

Data statistics and analysis

The obtained data were analYzed using SAS8.0.

Results and Analysis

Effect of soaking concentration of uniconazole on seed germination

As shown in Fig.1-a，different soaking treatments all showed significant effects on germination of rapeseed seeds.After the soaking，the seed germination rates were all lower than that of the CK（63.69%-90.32%），and there were significant differences in seed germination rate among different treatments （P＜0.05）.With the increased soaking concentration of uniconazole，the germination of rapeseed seeds was slowed，and the seed germination rate was trended to be increased firstand then decreased. When rapeseed seeds were soakedin uniconazole at concentration of 30 mg/L，the germination rate was lowest，and it was onlY 63.69%of the germination rate in the CK.

With the increased soaking concentration of uniconazole，the hYpocotYl length was reduced，and there were significantdifferences among differenttreatments （Fig.1-b）.The hYpocotYl lengths in the treatment groups were 33.95%-59.91%of that in the CK on daY 3，and were 45.01%-60.23%of that in the CK on daY 7.The high soaking concentration of uniconazole showed better dwarfing effect than low soaking concentration. When the soaking concentration of uniconazole was 50 mg/L，the hYpocotYls were shortest and the Young rapeseed seedlings were most dwarf.With the increased concentration of uniconazole，the radicle length was trended to be increased first and then decreased.When the soaking concentration was 10 mg/L，the radicle lengths were largest（Fig.1-c）.With the proceeding of germination，the regulatorY effect of soaking concentration of uniconazole on radicles was enhanced.The radicle lengths in the treatmentgroups were 107.24% ，189.47%，135.07%，92.76%，95.36% and 94.74%of that in the CK，respectivelY on daY 3，and were 128.47%，158.60%，128.06%，118.52%，105.39% and 71.51%of that in the CK，respectivelY on daY 7.With the increased soaking concentration of uniconazole，the root vigor was trended to be increased firstand then decreased（Fig.1-d）.On daY 3，the root vigor was strongest at the soaking concentration of 10 mg/L，and it was 125.68%of that in the CK.On daY 7，the root vigor was strongest at the soaking concentration of 20 mg/L，and it was 123.38%of that in the CK.The low soaking concentration of uniconazole could promote radicle growth and enhance root vigor. When the soaking concentration exceeded 30 mg/L，the growth of roots was significantlY inhibited.Therefore，combining the effect of soaking concentration on seed germination，the optimum soaking concentration of uniconazole was determined as 20 mg/L.

Effect of soaking time of uniconazole on seed germination

The seed soaking with uniconazole slowed the seed germination and reduced the seed germination rate（Fig.2-a）.With the increased soaking time，the seed germination rate was trended to be decreased，and it was lowest at the soaking time of 4 h.On daY 3，the seed germination rates in the treatment groups were 80.01%，80.88%，36.77%and 44.16%of that in the CK.On daY 7，the seed germination rates were 86.47% ，84.67% ，42.79%and 50.64%of that in the CK. There was no significant difference in seed germination rate between soaking times of 1 and 2 h.

With the increased soaking time of uniconazole，the hYpocotYl length was decreased，and it differed significantlY among different treatment groups（Fig.2-b）.On daY 3，the hYpocotYl lengths in the treatment groups were 40.99%-59.34%of that in the CK.On daY 7，the hYpocotYl lengths were 31.22%-50.24%of that in the CK.ln the treatment groups with soaking times of 1 and 2 h，the radiclelengths were larger than that in the CK，while in the treatment groups with soaking times of 3 and 4 h，the radicle lengths were smaller than that in the CK （Fig.2-c）.On daY 3，the radicle lengths in the treatment groups were 112.06%，123.70%，50.03%and 61.42% of that in the CK；on daY 7，the radicle lengthswere143.07%，135.93%，65.93% and 80.91%of that in the CK.

With the increase in soaking time，the root vigor was trended to be increased first and then decreased.The root vigor was strongest in the treatment group with soaking time of 1 h，followed bY that in the treatment group with soaking time of 2 h，but when the soaking time exceeded 4 h，the root vigors in the treatment groups were significantlY lower than that in the CK（Fig.2-d）.On daY 3，the root vigors in the treatment groups were 88.59%-120.95%of that in the CK，and on daY 7，the root vigors were 75.55%-115.83%of that in the CK.Therefore，the seed soaking time with uniconazole should be better controlled within 1-2 h.

Table 1 Effect of different seed soaking treatment on growth of pot seedlings

Table 2 Effect of different seed soaking treatment on growth of traY seedlings

Effect of seed soaking with uniconazole on growth of Pot seedlings

As shown in Table 1，with the increased soaking concentration，the seed germination rate，seedling height，maximum leaf area and shoot drY weight were all decreased.The germination rates of HY4 in the treatment groups with soaking concentrations of 5，10，15 and 20 mg/L were 93.17%，91.09%，90.38%and 88.83%of that in the CK；the seedling heights were 95.53%，92.93%，83.96%and 81.08 of that in the CK；the maximum leaf areas were 88.98%，78.25%，77.13%and 67.56%of that in the CK；the shoot drY weights were 91.91% ，91.84% ，83.27%and 80.25%of that in the CK. The seed germination rate （-0.93*），seedling height（-0.98**），maximum leaf area （-0.97**）and shoot drY weight（-0.98**）were all negativelY related to soaking concentration of uniconazole （P＜0.05）.The leaf SPAD value，root vigor and root drY weight were all increased with the increased soaking concentration of uniconazole with correlation coefficients of 0.93*，0.99**and 0.89*respectivelY.The root vigors in the four treatment groups were 100.83%-105.00%of that in the CK，and the root drY weights in the four treatmentgroupswere100.98%-109.27%of that in the CK.Comparedwith that in the CK，the leaf number in the treatmentgroups was allincreased.ln the treatment group with soaking concentration of 10 mg/L，the leaf number was largest，and it was 4.37%higher than that in the CK.The higher the soaking concentration of uniconazole was，the better the regulatorY effect on Young seedlings was.

With the increase in soaking time，the seed germination rate，seedling height，maximum leaf area and shoot drY weight were all reduced，but the leaf number，SPAD value root vigor and root drY weight were increased. There were significantdifferences among the treatment groups（P＜0.05）. ln the treatment group with soaking time of 1 h，the seed germination rate，seedling height，maximum leaf area，root drY weight，leaf number，SPAD value，root vigor and root drY weight were 90.14% ，83.59% ，84.64% ，87.76%，108.53%，109.18%，104.96% and 112.90%of those in the CK，respectivelY；in the treatment group with soaking time of 2 h，the seed germination rate，seedling height，maximum leaf area，root drY weight，leaf number，SPAD value，root vigor and root drY weight were 84.39%，80.04%，78.38%，86.62%，101.72%，113.99%，107.44% and 106.45%of those in the CK，respectivelY.

Different substrate formula also showed significant effects on seed germination and seedling growth（Table 1）.With the increased proportion of matrix in substrate，the seed germination rate was increased（0.94**）；the seedling growth was better；the seedlings were higher（0.98**）；the leaf number（0.99**），maximum leaf area （0.99**），root vigor（0.84），shoot drY weight（0.96**）and root drY weight（0.99**）were all significantlY increased （P＜0.05）.With the increased proportion of matrix in substrate，the leaf SPAD value was reduced（P＞0.05）.

Effect of seed soaking with uniconazole on growth of tray seedlings

The seed soaking with uniconazole inhibited hYpocotYlelongation. The higher the soaking concentration of uniconazole was，the more obvious the inhibiting effect was（Table 2）.The hYpocotYl lengths in the four treatment groups were 51.50%，41.53%，40.42% and 35.55%of that in the CK，respectivelY.With the increase in soaking concentration of uniconazole，the cotYledons became smaller. The cotYledon lengths in the treatment groups were significantlY smaller than that of the CK（68.52%-79.63%）.The effects of soaking concentration of uniconazole on seedling height，leaf number，shoot drY weight and root drY weight were consistent between traY seedlings and potseedlings.The seed soaking significantlY reduced seedling height，inhibited drY matter accumulation in shoots，and increased drY matter accumulation in roots.With the increase in soaking concentration of uniconazole，the leaf number and chlorophYll content were all increased.The leaf numbers in the treatment groups were 2.63%-7.43% higher than that in the CK，and the chlorophYll contents were 0.56%-22.78%higher than that in the CK（P＜0.05）.The length（-0.96**）and width（-0.88**）of largest leaf were negativelY related to the soaking concentration of uniconazole，but the root drY weight（0.97**）was positivelY related to the soaking concentration of uniconazole.

The longer the soaking time was，the more obvious the inhibitorY effect on hYpocotYl and cotYledon elongation was（Table 2）.ln the treatment group with soaking time of 1 h，the hYpocotYl and cotYledon lengths were 80.69% and 73.39%of those in the CK；in the treatment group with soaking time of 2 h，the hYpocotYl and cotYledon lengths were 51.98%and 69.72%of those in the CK.The effects of soaking time of uniconazole on seedling height，leaf number，shoot drY weight and root drY weight were consistent between pot seedlings and traY seedlings.The increased soaking time significantlY reduced seedling height，reduced drY matter accumulation in shoots and increased drY matter accumulation in roots.The largestleaves became smaller，and their lengths and width were all significantlY reduced.ln the treatment group with soaking time of 1 h，the length and width of largest leaf were 82.20%and 76.16%of those in the CK；in the treatment group with soaking time of 2 h，the lengths and width of largest leaf were 74.48%and 63.54%of those in the CK.With the increase in soaking time，the leaf chlorophYllcontentwas increased，and compared with that in the CK；the leaf chlorophYll content was increased bY 7.41%-18.52%.There were significant differences in leaf chlorophYll content among the treatment groups（P＜0.05）.

Different substrate formula showed different effect on seedling growth（Table 2）.When the proportion of matrix in substrate was higher，the nutrient supplY was more adequate，so the hYpocotYls were longer，and the seedlings grew faster.With the increased proportion of matrix in substrate，the seedling height（0.99**），leaf number（0.89*），leaf chlorophYll content（0.99**），length（0.99**）and width（0.97**）of largest leaf，shoot drY weight（0.98**）and root drY weight（0.96**）were significantlY increased（P＜0.05）.

Conclusions and Discussion

Seed soaking with uniconazole can significantlY inhibit hYpocotYl growth，reduce seedling height and enhance root vigor，therebY effectivelY solving the problem of tall seedlings. Qiu et al.found that uniconazole in rape coating agent showed no significant effects on field seedling rates of ZheYou 758，Shuang 72 and Huaza 4，and it improved the growth of all the three test materials；the concentration of uniconazole in coating agent was much higher than that in spraY at the seedling stage［12］.Huang et al.investigated the effects of soaking concentration and time of uniconazole on seedling growth，germination speed and germination rate of Zhongshuang 4 and ZhongYou 821；the concentration of uniconazole in coating agent was 90%-95%lower than that in spraY at the seedling stage［19］.The controversial conclusions maY be due to differences in test material and varietY.ln this studY，HY4 was used as material. The results showed that when the soaking concentration of uniconazole was higher and soaking time was longer， the regulatorY effect on seedling growth was more obvious.At the same time，with seed growth was slowed，and the germination rate wasreduced.The indoor and outdoor test results were consistent.When the soaking concentration exceeded 20 mg/L or soaking time exceeded 2 h，the seed germination rate was reduced bY more than 20%.Therefore，the optimal soaking concentration of uniconazole is≤20mg/L，and the optimal soaking time is 1-2 h.

Based on the test results on petri dishes，the rapeseed seedswere soaked in different concentrations（0，5，10，15 and 20 mg/L）of uniconazole for 1 and 2 h，respectivelY for outdoor pot test.The results showed that the germination rate in the pot test was lower than that in indoor petri dish test.But compared with those in the CK，the relative germination rates were increased from 82.22%-90.32% to 88.83%-93.17%，which might be due to more complicated soil environment and easier degradation of uniconazole［20］.The seed soaking with u niconazole reduces seedling height，maximum leaf length and width and shoot drY weight，thus seedlings occupY smaller spaces，seedling roots are more developed，and root drY weights are higher，making it possible to cultivate high-densitY seedlings.ln addition，the high proportion of soil in substrate reduces seedling growth，seedling height，leaf number and drY matter accumulation， which contributes to cultivation of blanket seedlings.During the mechanical transplanting，the seedlings cultivated bY substrate with higher proportion of soil are difficult to take and are prone to root and leaf injurY.Therefore，to obtain high qualitY seedlings，the optimal proportion of soil in substrate for cultivating blanket rapeseed seedlings is about 50%.

Different transplanting machinerY and sowing time have different requirements for agronomic traits of rapeseed seedlings.The rapeseed seedlings should be transplanted in good time. For mechanical transplanting of ZQ-tYped rapeseed seedlings， the seedling age is required to be older than 25 d，the seedling height is required to be within 15-25 cm，and the leaf number is required to be four；too high or low seedlings are prone to leading to seedling nipping，seedling injurY and transplanting missing［21-24］.ln 2009，the local standards in Jiangsu Province proposed that the seedlings with age of 30-40 d，height of 20-25 cm and leaf age of 6-7 leaves are suitable for mechanical transplanting in Yangtze River Basin［25］.The successful cultivation of blanket seedlings achieves the automation of transplanting process.For mechanical transplanting，blanketseedlings should have high densitY，good qualitY and developed roots［7］.ln addition，the height of blanket seedlings should be less than 18 cm；there should be 5-6 leaves in each plant；the seedling age should be within 30-40 d.Seed soaking with uniconazole has simple operation.Noreover，the seedlings are easier to be managed at the seedling stage.When HY4 seeds are soaked in 20 mg/L of uniconazole for 1-2 h and sowed in substrate with 50%of soil，the blanket rapeseed seedlings with height less than 18 cm，leaf number of 5-6 and seedling age of 30-40 d will be cultivated，and theY are suitable for mechanical transplanting.

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ResPonsible editor：Tingting XP

ResPonsible Proofreader：Xiaoyan WP

烯效唑浸种和基质配比对油菜秧苗质量的影响

高建芹*，浦惠明，龙卫华，胡茂龙，陈松，周晓婴，张维 （江苏省农业科学院经济作物研究所/国家油菜改良中心南京分中心，江苏南京210014）

［目的］为培育适合全自动机械移栽的毯状油菜苗，以HY4为材料，探讨烯效唑浸种和不同基质配比对油菜种子萌发及育苗质量的影响。［方法］以7个不同浓度（0、5、10、20、30、40和50 mg/L）的烯效唑溶液分别浸种0、1、2、4和8 h，自然晾干。经培养皿室内试验筛选，得到适宜的烯效唑浸种浓度和时间。以5个浓度（0、5、10、15、20 mg/L）分别浸种0、1和2 h进行室外盆钵试验，同时进行毯状菜苗的育苗基质配比筛选，在油菜适宜播期进行水稻秧盘育苗验证试验。［结果］培养皿试验结果表明，烯效唑浸种可延缓种子萌发，降低种子发芽率，抑制胚轴伸长，并促进根系生长。当浸种浓度大于30 mg/L或浸种时间超过2 h，则对种子萌发影响较大且抑制根系生长。室外盆钵试验结果表明，4个烯效唑浸种浓度和时间能够有效降低苗高、延缓地上部生长、促进地下部生长，有利于培育高密度毯状机械移栽苗。育苗基质配比试验中，土壤配比量越少，越有利于幼苗生长，发芽率、株高、根系活力和干物质重增加，差异达到显著水平（P＜0.05）。油菜适宜播期水稻秧盘育苗试验结果与盆钵试验一致。烯效唑浸种浓度≤10 mg/L、浸种时间＜1 h时，对幼苗生长调控能力较弱，幼苗偏高。基质中土壤配比量＜50%时，肥力充足，相对弱化了烯效唑对幼苗生长的调控，幼苗较大。［结论］用15～20 mg/L烯效唑浸种1～2 h，育苗基质中土壤配比量为50%，可培育苗高≤18 cm、保有叶片5～6张、苗龄30～40 d的毯状机械移栽苗，实现工厂化生产。

烯效唑；浸种；基质配比；幼苗质量

国家科技支撑计划（2014BAD11B03）；江苏省农业 “三新工程”（SXGC2014301）。

高建芹（1974-），女，江苏淮安人，副研究员，从事油菜品质分析和遗传育种研究。*通讯作者，E-mail：chinagjq@163.com。

2015-05-22

SupportedbYNationalKeYTechnologYResearchandDevelopmentProgram（2014BAD11B03）； Jiangsu Agricultural ＂Three New Engineering＂ Project（SXGC2014301）.

*Corresponding author.E-mail:chinagjq@163.com

Received:NaY 22，2015 Accepted:August 29，2015

修回日期 2015-08-29