以问题，促效率

江苏省启东市大江中学 钱莉莉

课堂提问是师生互动的过程。教师要精心设计问题，激发学生的思维。

一、设计好课堂导入

对于导入阶段，教师应创设贴近学生实际生活、发人深思的问题，激发学生的求知欲和自我表现欲。

例如：M3U3Reading，设计 ①What are the f our ancient civilized nations？ ②What are the seven wonders of the world？

例 如 ：M1U3Reading，Dying to be thin…教师也可根据课文的标题展开讨论，让学生猜测这个标题的两个意思，把握作者的写作意图和思想倾向。

①She is eager to be thin.②What she did caused great harm to her health.She took some weight-loss pills，which made her dying.

二、设计多样化细节理解题

教育家达尼洛夫主张把教师的讲授与学生的积极思维结合起来，设计“教师提出问题——学生积极独立活动——教师把学生引入下一个新问题”的教学模式，设计的问题应该是实质性问题，抓住“牵一发而动全身”的关键性内容。

例如M2U2Reading，可设计细节理解题 Para1：True or f alse

(1)Toby plans to spend a f ew weeks travelling bef ore he went to university.

(2)Af ter the trip to Af rica，Colin will go to university.

Para 2：Answer the questions

(1)Where they will start the trip：____

(2)When they will start the trip：____

（3）Where they will like to go：___

(4)How they will go there：_____

(5)What things they would like to take with them：__

Para 3：Answer questions

(1)What others will the writer try？

(2)What is white-water raf ting like？

(3)How they will protect them selves？

三、设计主旨大意和作者意图题

主旨大意是考查学生的全面理解能力，训练学生寻找主题句，概括和归纳文章大意及中心思想。学生要从整体上来权衡语篇的内容，根据事实陈述，找出串联全文的线索。

M3U3 Reading，according to the last sentence， what is the author’s feeling about the loss of Loulan？

M3U3Reading可设计这个问题：Do you think it is important to protect cultural heritage？ Why or why not？Do you have any suggestions on how to protect it？

四、设计推理判断题

例如：While we’ve known the protective role that healthy social relations play，the results of this study suggest that social relations are actually more like a double-edged sword，as they can also be destructive when unhealthy，said Dr Simon Rego，the director of Albert Einstein College of Medicine.

我可以设计这样的推理判断题：

The underlined part in Paragraph4 means social relations_________.

A.Do more harm than good

B.May bring stress sometimes

C.Affect people’s lives greatly

D.Are the main reason f or early death

推理判断题常用的信息词：inf er，imply，suggest，indicate，conclude等

推理判断题常用的问题：

1.The passage suggests/implies that____.

2.It can be concluded f rom the passage that____.

3.The paragraph f ollowing the passage will most probably be__

4.The writer’s attitude towards.is

五、根据阅读材料，设计summary or task-based reading

例如：M2U3Project

Brief_____to Yang Liwei 1.Yang is the first Chinese____to pilot a spacecraf t.He traveled for 600，000 kilometers and he orbited around the earth_____times.2.Yang was born in____，in the northeast Liaoning Province History of Yang's success 1.In 1998，he____to be a member of Project 921，which is now called Shen zhou.He was selected from 1，500_____.2.In September，2003，he became one of three who were picked for Chinese space adventure

六、提问需注意的细节

1.设计的问题要“少”而“精”。

问题的设计要体现在教学的关键处，理解的难点处，问题的矛盾处，思维的转折处，探索的规律处。

2.设计的问题要有趣味性。

通过趣味性的问题使学生处于一种兴奋的、愉快的状态，这样学生的思维就会有超常的发挥，学生接收信号的速度就会非常快。

3.在问答的过程中，教师要允许学生说完，再适当点拨；适时纠错，适当宽容；恰当评价，鼓励为主。

[1]胡春洞.英语教学论.高等教育出版社

[2]英语优质课课堂教学观摩分析报告.中小学外语教学