马玲 陆琼
腺嘌呤导致慢性肾衰模型大鼠的钙磷代谢变化
马玲1陆琼2
目的 观察慢性肾衰模型大鼠的钙磷代谢变化,为慢性肾衰并发症的防治提供理论依据。方法 SD大鼠20只随机分为对照组(Ctr,n=10)、慢性肾衰组(CRF,n=10)。每天分别以生理盐水(10 ml/ Kg)、腺嘌呤(300 mg/Kg)灌胃6周。化学比色法检测血磷和血钙。结果 CRF组血磷和血钙水平与Ctr组相比,差异显著(P<0.05)。结论 慢性肾衰时,血磷水平升高和血钙水平降低。
慢性肾衰;钙磷代谢
各种病因引起的慢性肾脏损害进行性恶化将导致肾衰竭称为慢性肾衰竭。它是多种慢性肾脏疾病发展的后期阶段,患病率逐年增加,严重威胁着人类健康。慢性肾衰时通常会伴有血管钙化[1]和多种并发症,这些并发症的发生与血清生化的改变密切相关,因此本研究主要旨在观察腺嘌呤导致慢性肾衰模型大鼠血钙、血磷水平的改变。
1.1实验动物及试剂
8周龄雄性SD大鼠;腺嘌呤;血磷、血钙试剂盒;甲状旁腺激素ELISA试剂盒。
1.2动物模型的制备
成年(8周龄)雄性SD大鼠20只,体重(200±20)g,适应性饲养3天后,随机分为对照组(Ctr,n=10),慢性肾衰组(CRF,n=10)。每天分别做以下处理:Ctr组生理盐水(10 ml/Kg)灌胃,CRF组20 mg/ml的腺嘌呤混悬液(300 mg/Kg)灌胃,连续6周。
1.3血清钙、磷和甲状旁腺激素的测定
3%戊巴比妥钠腹腔麻醉大鼠,腹主动脉取血,3 000 r/min离心,取上清,按照试剂盒说明书用可见光分光光度计检测血磷、血钙,用酶标仪检测血甲状旁腺激素。
1.4统计学分析
CRF组血钙浓度低于Ctr组(P<0.05),差异有统计学意义;CRF组血磷浓度高于Ctr组(P<0.05),差异有统计学意义;CRF组血甲状旁腺激素浓度高于Ctr组(P<0.05),差异有统计学意义,具体见表1。
表1 腺嘌呤导致的慢性肾衰模型大鼠的血钙、血磷和血甲状旁腺激素检测结果
血管钙化是慢性肾功能衰竭患者心血管疾病高发病率和高死亡率的主要原因[2]。临床资料显示血管钙化与钙磷代谢紊乱有关。该实验观察了血钙、血磷和血甲状旁腺激素水平,结果显示CRF组与Ctr组比较,均出现血钙降低而血磷和甲状旁腺激素明显升高。慢性肾功能衰竭时肾功能减退,1,25(OH)2D3合成减少,限制了钙的吸收,进而引起低钙血症的发生;然而由于肾脏对磷排泄的减少,又致血磷升高,Hruska等研究显示肾功能衰竭患者随着血磷的升高[3],相对死亡危险性随之增加。低钙血症和高磷血症均可刺激甲状旁腺激素的分泌,引起继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进,故血中甲状旁腺激素水平急剧上升。研究[4]发现iPTH>495 pg/ml是慢性肾功能患者猝死的一种独立因子,它促进骨溶解释放钙磷,并增加细胞内的钙水平,而且继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进会引起不同程度的器官损害。
慢性肾功能衰竭的并发症一旦发生,很难逆转,因此重在防治。在慢性肾病早期,通过饮食限磷、透析治疗、磷结合剂的应用和甲状旁腺的切除等控制钙磷代谢,从而预防并发症的发生和降低死亡率。
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The Changes of Calcium-Phosphorus Metabolism in Chronic Renal Failure Rats due to Adenine
MA Ling1LU Qiong2, 1 Department of Physiology of Luohe Medical College, Luohe 462000, China, 2 Department of Biology of Luohe Medical College, Luohe 462000, China
Objective To observe the changes of calcium- phosphorus metabolism in chronic renal failure rats and provide a theoretical basis for preventing the complications of chronic renal failure. Methods Twenty SD males rats had been randomly divided into the control group (Ctr, n=10), chronic renal failure group (CRF, n=10). The rats in Ctr and CRF group were respectively dealed with normal saline (10 ml/Kg) and adenine (300 mg/Kg) intragastrically daily . Six weeks later, the concentration of Calcium, Phosphorous in Serum were biochemical analysised. Results The concentration of Calcium, Phosphorous in Serum was significant differences between two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion The levels of serum phosphrous in CRF were significantly higher than those in the Ctr, however, the levels of blood calcium was lower.
Chronic renal failure, Calcium-phosphorus metabolism
R446.1
B
1674-9308(2015)09-0172-01
10.3969/j.issn.1674-9308.2015.09.148
1 462000 漯河医学高等专科学校生理教研室;2 462000 漯河医学高等专科学校生物教研室