结合必修模块整合单元话题复习高考词汇

裘贤玲��

[摘要]在英语选修模块的教学中，“结合必修模块 整合单元话题 复习高考词汇”的单元词汇巩固教学模式可以提高学生词汇复习的有效性。以选修6 Unit 3 A Healthy Life的词汇复习为例，其教学思路为：整合文本内容，再现单元词汇；利用图片描述，再现话题词汇；创设情景，结合必修模块，多样化拓展词汇。

[关键词]必修模块选修模块单元话题复习高考词汇

[中图分类号]G633.41[文献标识码]A[文章编号]16746058（2015）040056

完成必修1—5模块的学习之后，按照传统的习惯，笔者所在学校将会结合一轮复习继续选修模块6、7、8。在高一高二的必修模块的教学中，语言技能包括听说读写四个方面的技能以及这四种能力的综合运用能力，渗透于语言学习的各个环节。而进入高三后，我们更关注的是技能的综合提升——知识点的概括、阅读策略的指导、话题的写作指导，从而巩固和拓展学生对高考词汇的运用能力。

为了提高学生词汇复习的有效性，笔者在学习、观摩和实践的基础上，以NSEFC选修6的教学为载体进行实践和探索，探究总结出了比较有效的“结合必修模块 整合单元话题 复习高考词汇”单元词汇巩固教学模式。

一、教学思路

1.结合必修模块，提炼选修话题。

词汇学习是指在词汇积累的基础上，深入准确地理解词义，正确地使用词汇。一个单词只有放在句子中才有确切具体的意思，也只有在句子中才能体会到其用法。那种简单地按词汇表的顺序记单词的做法虽能记住一些单词，但不利于得体规范地运用。从词到句，从句到篇章，是词汇学习的重要步骤。通过剖析整理单元话题，理清话题相关的核心词汇，从而确定核心词汇在语篇中的运用方向。

2.创设教学活动，使用重要词汇。

“体验性是新课程学习方式的突出特性，在实际的学习活动中，它表现为以下三个方面：强调身体性参与；重视直接经验；重视感性因素。”（余文森，2009）Williams and Burden认为， 学习不是被动地接受信息，而是主动建构，是学习者根据自己的经验背景对外来信息进行主动选择、加工和处理，从而获得自己的意义和理解。这种理念反映在教材使用上，意味着教师不仅要充分利用教材里提供的学习活动让学生积极参与，还要根据教材内容创设更多的自主学习活动，让学生更充分地去建构自己的知识并形成能力。

3.依托现实，学用结合。

著名教育家陶行知先生曾提出“ 生活即教育”的思想，主张把教育同整个生活、整个社会联系起来，并通过各种社会实践，真正做到“教学合一”。教育只有向生活世界回归才能体现教育意义的真谛。（何宏玲，2006）要使学生真正掌握并能活用所学的词汇，教师必须设计大量的语言运用活动，使学生在亲身的参与和实践中反复地感悟和体会，发展语言技能。

二、教学实例及评析

本节课的教学内容是新课标人教版英语教材（NSEFC）选修6 Unit 3 A Healthy Life的词汇复习。本节课的目标是结合必修模块，整合话题进行高考词汇复习。笔者首先对本单元相关的必修模块内容进行整理（由于笔者尝试在每个单元教学的末尾安排一节针对性的词汇复习课，学生基本能明白本节课的教学目标）。如表所示：

Unit 3 A Healthy Life课程标准要求掌握的项目

单元话题筛选后的词汇要求

选修6 Unit 3 A Healthy Lifedue to/be addicted to/be accustomed to/feel like/decide on/in spite of/get into/take risks/at risk/adolescent/ban sb. from doing/yough/quit/effect/strengthen/desperate/disappointed/ashamed/embarrassed/awkward

相关必修话题筛选后的词汇要求

必修1 Unit 1 Friendshipignore/upset/calm down/be concerned about/go through/set down/in order to/get along with/outdoors/suffer from/be crazy about/get close to nature/communicate with/entirely/habit

必修2 Unit 2The Olympic Gamesvolunteer/on a regular basis/be admitted into/take responsibility for/join in/physical/hopeless

必修3 Unit 2 Healthy Eatinga balanced diet/lose weight/put on weight/cut down/be curious about/limit/benefit from/combine A and B

必修5 Unit 5 First Aidfall ill/get injured/get wounded/make a difference

结合必修模块， 整合话题后的本单元语言学习要求如表所示：

单元话题提炼How to lead a healthy life 话题讨论（运动、饮食、事故、人际关系等）

相关写作要求A letter for advice 词汇、句型积累

语法项目“it”的用法在讨论写作中的渗透

课堂名称：The Pursuit of a Healthy Life

1.整合文本内容，再现单元词汇。

学生在本单元学习了两篇有关健康生活的文章“Advice from Grandad” 和“HIV/AIDS： Are You At Risk？”之后，已经初步掌握了关于抽烟和戒烟的一些词汇，也掌握了一些关于疾病预防的词汇。笔者再次利用此话题，再现单元词汇，建构词汇学习语境。

活动一：课文填空。

Advice from My Grandad

James grandad is 82 years old and . It seems amazing that he is still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometers in an afternoon. His long active life is the healthy life he lives.

However， during his ， he smoked and became to cigarettes

its harmful effects. He didnt know much about the harmful of smoking. did he know his cigarette smoke could the health of nonsmokers. As a result， he found it to quit smoking and that he became addicted. Thus， his girlfriend complained him and left him alone.

Fortunately， James grandad didnt feel and was eventually aware that it was easy to begin smoking and it is tough to stop smoking. Besides， he didnt want to take of his life and a day to quit.

Now， he lives a healthy life and writes a letter to his grandson.

（Keys： fit/healthy/energetic； due to； adolescence； addicted ； in spite of； effects； Neither； affect； tough； mentally； desperate； the risk ； decided on）

2.利用图片描述，再现话题词汇。

活动二：运用词汇。 笔者以图片为载体，以问题（What contributes to a healthy life？）为引领，激活学生记忆中的词汇，再现词汇。学习不是被动地接受信息，而是主动建构，是学习者根据自己的经验背景对外来信息进行主动选择、加工和处理，从而获得自己的意义和理解。（ Williams & Burden，2000）

笔者在此环节中，给学生提供5分钟时间进行小组讨论：“怎么样才是健康的生活？”在学生讨论期间，笔者提供一些相关的表达方式和“it”的使用。

What contributes to a healthy life？

It is no good/no use/a waste of time doing...

It is harmful to do...

It is important/of great importance/vital/essential for us to do sth.

It is said/believed/hoped/expected that...

Some people think it useful/important to do sth.

We all think it no use/no good doing...

... will have a ... effect/influence/impact on our health.

My healthy life is due to...

a good state of mind/a strong body/physical and mental health

a proper amount of exercise / a balanced diet/a set of good habits

3.创设情景， 结合必修模块，多样化拓展词汇。

在学生头脑中基本储存了单元词汇之后，教师创设情景，提供具有层次性的活动，帮助学生内化和运用词汇。

活动三： 利用在必修单元中已学的相关话题词汇，讨论目前困扰青少年、影响青少年健康成长的主要问题，如缺少运动、饮食不合理、人际关系差、玩电脑上瘾、学习压力大等等。教师在PPT上提供相关的话题词汇。本练习是控制性练习，旨在联系单元话题词汇，结合生活实际，引导学生尤其是基础一般的学生掌握词汇。

学生表达之一：I feel ashamed of my laziness. I seldom go outdoors and take exercise on a regular basis due to too much homework. And I find I am not active in mind. But I think I should put stress on this problem since it is important for us to build up our body.

学生表达之二：I feel upset nowadays because I cant get along well with my classmates. I find they always ignore me and get away from me， which makes me puzzled.

活动四：利用学生回答，归纳词汇。在活动三中，学生自由表达，词汇表达丰富。笔者整合学生的回答，概括不同的句式和角度，让话题变得更加丰满。然后让全班同学相互学习借鉴。

Students description of problems：

● I have some difficulty/trouble getting along well with my classmates， which makes me puzzled and upset.

● I used to be completely addicted to playing computer games and found it tough to quit.

● Too much stress has a bad effect/impact/influence on my life. Every time I take an exam， I feel nervous and anxious.

● I find it tough for me to get rid of sleeping at class.

● There are a growing number of students addicted to having junk food.

● Too much junk food makes me put on weight easily.

● I cant live without a mobile phone. I spent too much time chatting and sending short messages.

●I get into the habit of/I get accustomed/be used to being absentminded at class and I feel confused what I shall do.

...

Students views：

● It is important/of great importance/vital/essential for us to take exercise on a regular basis/keep a good state of mind/form some good habits/get rid of some harmful habits.

● We should attach great importance to/lay stress on joining in as many outdoor activities as we can.

● In order to lose weight， we should try our best/make great efforts to keep a balanced diet/limit the variety of meats.

● It would be a good idea/helpful if we could get away from smoking cigarettes.

...

活动五：学以致用，成文成章。英语课程标准（教育部，2001） 指出，在不违背科学性原则的前提下，教材应该具有一定的弹性和伸缩性，允许使用者根据实际需要，对教材内容进行适当的取舍和补充。笔者模仿近几年高考英语作文的模式，结合本节课的话题，拟定写作要求：

Writing：

最近，由于大量的工作压力， Mrs Qiu感到焦躁不安。但是她知道只有保持良好的心态才能做好工作。正如有人说的那样： A good state of mind is the basis of success.可是她不知道如何能让自己从压力中走出来。请你给 Mrs Qiu写一封信，以自己的一个事例来告诉她如何减轻压力和懂得良好心态的重要性。

词数要求：120

段落要求：第一段呈现问题

第二段用自己的一个事例帮助解决问题

信的开头如下：

Dear Mrs Qiu，

Im sorry to hear that

活动六：认真批改，复习背诵。英语背诵是英语学习的有效方法之一，是知识输入的重要方法之一。它不但可以帮助学生积累大量的基础词汇知识，而且可以培养学生的语言感知。学生精彩片段如下：

1.What always disturbed me was the endless exams and cruel scores last term. In spite of all my efforts， I failed. Therefore， I felt so disappointed and ashamed about myself that I felt like crying. Fortunately， it was the belief that I held that strengthened my resolve and gave me courage.

2.When I was preparing for the final exam last term， I felt so stressed that I found it hard to focus my attention on the study. Thus， I turned to my teacher for help and knew there was no point in worrying about it. He told me to make a schedule and do some sports to relax myself. Following his advice， I took a deep breath and made it when faced with the test.

3.As a student， I always felt nervous and frustrated when the exams were approaching. I used to turn to my friends for help. They advised me to do some relaxation exercises and work hard as usual. Gradually， I found that I wasnt worried about them. Personally I think it is vital for us to hold an optimistic attitude towards life. We should concentrate more on happiness when we feel upset.

4. I still remember it was one month ago that I took the exam. I felt extremely nervous and stressed so that I couldnt focus my mind on preparing for it， so I turned to my friends for help. In order to get rid of my stress， we were running around the playground after school every day. We always got breathless. Gradually I gained my confidence and became more determined. In my opinion， what you can do now is to keep an optimistic attitude.

三、教学反思

本节课中，教师通过整合选修6 Unit 3 A Healthy Life和必修1-5的相关单元话题，理清与话题相关的核心词汇，并结合各种词汇巩固的教学活动进行词汇复习，引领学生从易到难地完成词汇目标。学生亲身体验并积极参与，整节课趣味盎然。同时本节词汇复习课的尝试给笔者带来了几点启示：

1.利用单元话题，构建词汇网络图。

词汇复习最大的问题就是知识的讲解和训练与听、说、读、写综合语言运用能力的脱离；知识传授与语言技能培养严重割裂开来，学习效率依然低下，最终达不到预定的目的和要求；词汇学习重视对单词的记忆，忽视其运用，把词汇学习看成是教学和记忆课后的单词表，认为讲解完单词用法或背完单词就算是完成了任务。教师是“字典”和“题库、例句库”，脱离运用讲解语言知识点。学生辛辛苦苦地记笔记，最后还是不会实际运用。所以结合话题和已经学习过的话题词汇，学生倍感熟悉和亲切。对于大量零碎的词汇，应能科学归纳，总结到一张张图表上，使知识系统化，对单元词汇进行整理，适当加以拓展。学习就是建立一个概念网络，并不断地向网络增添新内容，学生构建概念网，有时从时间维度考虑，有时从空间维度考虑，在构图中学会了综合运用逻辑思维，学会从整体上把握事物，这样可以达到事半功倍的效果。

2.结合高考考纲，处理词汇分类。

词汇通常分为三个层次：第一，高考说明词汇，要求学生掌握并灵活运用；第二，话题拓展词汇，属于认读词，要求听懂，会读；第三，因行文需要出现的词汇，理解即可，不需要掌握。高考说明上的词汇是重点，要让学生理解并学会运用。作为教师，应该帮助学生对课本词汇加以总结、分类，挑选出高考中要求掌握的高频词汇进行拓展性强化复习。

3.利用教学环节，循环复现词汇。

复现所学词汇是词汇教学的重要环节。可以在阅读输入中复现，即掌握了词汇在教材中的基本意义后，通过阅读了解所学词语的外延意义、内涵意义和联想意义；在口头表达中复现；在写作中复现；在练习和作业中复现。

4.熟读考纲，提纲挈领。

教师要认真研究教学参考用书和考纲，理顺话题相关的核心词汇非常重要。在此基础上，笔者还熟读必修1—5的相关课文内容，熟悉必修1-5中的重要词组和句型。在平常教学中从零散到整合，循序渐进地进行词汇的认知、复现和巩固。在选修模块的词汇巩固上我们要以考纲为准绳，适当地提炼和拓展词汇。

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（责任编辑周侯辰）