Part C Retelling（故事复述）三部曲

林天育

广东省普通高考英语科考试从2011年开始分别进行笔试与听力会话测试。其中，听说考试占英语科总分（满分150分）的10%。试题由三部分组成，即Part A - Reading Aloud（模仿朗读），Part B - Role Play（角色扮演）和Part C - Retelling（故事复述）。其中，Part C - Retelling（故事复述）所占的分值最大（24分）。它要求考生先听一段大约两分钟的独白，录音播放两遍。考生准备一分钟之后开始复述所听的内容。要求考生尽可能使用自己的语言复述，而且复述内容应涵盖尽可能多的原文信息点。选取的独白体裁主要是记叙文。

一、考生常出现的问题和原因

笔者在平常考试和课堂训练中发现不少考生不能准确、连贯和流利地复述故事，有的甚至是不敢开口，导致该题得分很低甚至得零分。学生答题出现的主要问题有：（1）只说出了部分内容，无法说出尽可能多的主要细节。（2）没有抓住故事的主要细节，只是说出部分自己听得懂的句子，无法复述整个故事内容。（3）由于某些词语发音的近似，在复述时出现了口误，使得所说内容与故事情节相去甚远。（4）人物和故事情节没有保持一致，张冠李戴，违背了故事原本的意思。（5）句子结构不准确，语法错误比较严重。（6）语流不连贯，发音不准确，没有节奏感，经常出现一些不必要的停顿。（7）部分同学还存在技术性问题，如由于话筒的距离没有调整好，导致呼吸声过大，或音量太小，部分同学声音比较低沉并且模糊不清，部分同学由于紧张而抢答导致开头部分没有被记录在录音中。

究其原因，有下面几个：（1）没有掌握复述的要领。（2）没有很好利用题目所提供的故事梗概和关键词。（3）平常很少开口大声说英语，而收听英语广播或是英语节目就更少了，导致反应迟钝。（4）自己淡化了对听说部分的训练，导致在考试过程中缺少应对的办法。（5）英语基础薄弱，语音语调不过关。

二、Part C-Retelling策略和技巧

1. 策略：采用摘要复述

摘要复述就是根据要求截取主要观点、主要情节或内容。可以直接引用原作的语言，但不可避免地要对原作语言做必要的调整。因此，考生在复述过程中，只需按照故事发展过程尽可能多地说出故事的主要细节，使故事逻辑通顺，内容完整，就算是完成了这部分的任务。

2. 技巧：“三部曲”

（1）读和译。在录音开始前有15秒钟的时间，学生可以利用这段时间快速地阅读故事梗概和关键词。读，就是读故事梗概和关键词。故事梗概包括故事的起因、简单过程和结局。关键词就是支撑这个故事主要内容的词语，它们所在的句子都是故事的主要细节。译，就是把故事梗概和关键词翻译成3-4个句子。这几个句子基本上就代表着整个故事最主要的内容。

2014广东卷A

故事梗概：校车司机突然昏倒，Tom快速反应，踩刹车救了全车的人。

关键词：unconscious（昏迷）  brake（刹车） reaction（反应） hero（英雄） reward （报酬）

根据故事梗概和关键词，可以把故事梗概细化成下面几个细节：

校车司机突然昏倒。

Tom快速反应。

Tom踩刹车。

Tom救了全车的人。

把上面这四个句子快速地转换成英文句子。

The bus driver was unconscious and fell down.

Tom made a quick reaction.

He stepped on the brake.

He saved all the people on the bus.

（2）听和记。听，就是听故事的原文（录音播放两遍），弄清故事的主要情节和发展过程。上面这些句子将在听力过程中起到引领的作用。在听的过程中就会有的放矢，哪些细节重要，哪些细节不必要，心里清楚，不会出现丢了西瓜捡了芝麻的现象。听时，把注意力放在与上面细节关系密切的内容，无须均衡使力。记，就是记录与上面要点关系密切的细节。记录时，无须苛求记录整个完整的句子，有时能写下一个动词词组或动宾结构就可以了。根据故事发展逻辑顺序分别写在每个要点上下，这样方便对相关内容进行整理和组织。听和记同时进行，这要求学生的注意力要高度集中，大脑思维和书写能力高度协调。除此之外，还必须掌握一点速记的技巧。

第一个要点

Tom liked cars and often helped his father repaired cars.

One morning， he was on the school bus with other children.

the driver was not feeling well

1. The bus driver was unconscious and fell down.

bus started running off the road/ out of control

第二和第三个要点

2. Tom made a quick reaction.

Tried to move the driver aside

3. He stepped hard on the brake.

bus finally stopped

第四个要点

He saved all the people on the bus.

Save himself and other children

appeared on TV as a hero

his school hung a medal of honor

the bus company gave him a toy bus as a reward

father was proud of him

promise to teach him how to drive

（3）想和说。想，是想故事的发展逻辑;想如何组织句子，使得句子结构完整，语法项目使用得当，特别是动词的正确形式;想如何使用衔接词，使故事内容紧凑、自然、有序，确保整个故事内容的条理性和完整性。说，就是把上面所记录的内容用声音表达出来，必要时对部分内容进行改造和调整。首先，做一个深呼吸，缓解紧张的情绪，平复心情。其次，发音要清晰和准确，语音语调自然。最后，在确保语速适当的同时，要注意语流的流畅，尽可能减少不必要的停顿。

复述内容：

Tom was interested in cars and often helped his father repaired cars. One morning， he was on the school bus with other children. It happened that the driver was not feeling well and suddenly became unconscious that day. The bus started running off the road and was out of control. Tom made a quick reaction. He moved the driver aside and stepped hard on the brake quickly， and the bus finally stopped. Thanks to his quick reaction， everyone on the bus was saved. He appeared on TV and as a hero and became famous. In return for his quick reaction， he got a medal of honor from his school and the bus company also gave him a toy bus as a reward. His father was proud of him and promised to teach him how to drive when he was older. （140 words）

附录音原文：

Tom liked everything about cars and often helped his father repair his old car. One morning， Tom was on the school bus with other children， they were chatting and laughing loudly as usual， but the bus driver was not feeling very well that day. While he was trying to stop the bus by the roadside， the driver suddenly became unconscious， it all happened without any warning. The bus was out of control and started running off the road. The children on the bus were terrified and began screaming. Tom was sitting in the back of the bus but he rushed to the front within seconds. He tried his best to move the bus driver aside and stepped hard on the brakes. The bus finally stopped. Tom save himself and all the other children from the disaster. The quick reaction of Tom made the news all over the country. He appeared on TV as a hero. His school hung a medal of honor around his neck. The bus company gave him a toy bus as a reward. Toms father was very proud of his son. He promised to teach him how to drive when he was older. （196 words）

三、备考建议

1. 多听录音，并跟着录音认真模仿朗读，提高语音、语调和节奏的质量。录音是很好的老师。反复听录音，刻苦操练，这是最简单并且有效的语言学习方法。《新概念英语》第二册就是最好的材料。

2. 多开口说，把握一切可以锻炼英语口语的机会，提高口头表达能力。在听完录音后，向同学或是对着镜子，大胆地说出所听到的内容，哪怕是故事的部分内容。循序渐进，增强自己说英语的胆量和自信心。

3. 多动笔，记录听到并能够写出来的内容，一遍不行，就两遍，循序渐进，提升记录能力和书写速度。有意识地培养速记的能力，积累一套属于自己的丰富有效的速记符号。

4. 多实战演练，在最后一个月里，每天都坚持花10分钟坐下来专门练一练历届高考题目，按照上面介绍的答题技巧和过程进行模拟训练。一边听一边记录故事的要点，听完故事后，快速串联要点，组织内容，并大声地说出整个故事的内容。逐步培养和强化自己故事复述能力，增强自己的实战能力。

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