王 瑞, 刘世武, 师彦平
(1.潍坊学院 山东省高校生物化学与分子生物学重点实验室,山东 潍坊 261061;2.中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 中国科学院西北特色植物资源化学重点实验室,甘肃省天然药物重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730000)
三叶鬼针草的化学成分研究
王 瑞1, 刘世武1, 师彦平2
(1.潍坊学院 山东省高校生物化学与分子生物学重点实验室,山东 潍坊 261061;2.中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 中国科学院西北特色植物资源化学重点实验室,甘肃省天然药物重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730000)
以产自海南的药用植物三叶鬼针草的地上部分为实验研究对象,通过乙醇常温浸泡提取,不同极性溶剂萃取,结合硅胶柱色谱、葡聚糖凝胶Sephadex LH-20 柱色谱、重结晶等方法进行化学成分的分离纯化研究,并通过现代波谱方法结合文献数据对比鉴定化合物的结构。结果显示,从三叶鬼针草的地上部分中共分离得到12个化合物,分别为没药烯(1),7α-羟基-β-谷甾醇(2),豆甾-4-烯-3β,6α-二醇(3),豆甾醇-7-酮(4),7-甲氧基-6-羟基香豆素(5),1-棕榈酸甘油酯(6),3β-O-(6′-十六烷酰氧基-β-吡喃葡萄糖基)-豆甾-5-烯(7),1-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(2S,3R,8E)-2-[(2′R)-2-羟基棕榈酰胺]-8-十八碳烯-1,3-二醇(8),葱木脑苷(9),(3S,5R,6S,7E)-5, 6-环氧-3-羟基-7-巨豆烯-9-酮(10),3-羟基二氢猕猴桃内酯(11),2β,3β-二羟基-2α-甲基-γ-内酯(12)。其中,化合物(7)~(12)为首次从该植物中分离得到,对该药用植物资源的合理开发利用具有一定指导意义。
菊科; 三叶鬼针草; 化学成分
三叶鬼针草BidenspilosaL.系菊科(Compositae)鬼针草属(Bidens)植物,别名:婆婆针、鬼钗草、黏身草、叉婆子、针包草、鬼菊、盲肠草等。该植物全草入药,具有清热,解毒,散瘀,消肿等功效。可用来治疗疟疾,肝炎,急性肾炎,胃痛,咽喉肿痛,跌打损伤,蛇虫咬伤等[1]。药理研究表明,三叶鬼针草对血压具有良好的双向调节作用,高血压病人服用可降低血压;血压偏低者服用可使血压升至正常[2]。作为民间草药,研究发现三叶鬼针草的活性成分主要有黄酮类、多烯炔类、香豆素类等[3-5]。为了深入了解三叶鬼针草的药用活性成分以及地域差异对植物活性成分的影响,作者对产自海南的三叶鬼针草进行了化学成分的研究,采用反复硅胶柱层析、凝胶柱层析等分离手段从中分离得到了12 个化合物,并通过现代波谱技术结合文献数据对比鉴定了它们的结构,其中化合物7-12均为首次从该植物中分离得到。
1.1 仪器与材料
Varian INOVA-400 MHz和Varian INOVA-300 MHz超导核磁共振波谱仪,TMS为内标;WFH-203(ZF-1)三用紫外分析仪;METTLER-AE100电子分析天平;质谱测试用Bruker esquire 6000质谱仪;柱层析(200~300目)和薄层色谱(GF254,10~40 μm)硅胶为青岛海洋化工集团有限公司产品;Sephadex LH-20葡聚糖凝胶为瑞典GE Healthcar公司出品;所用溶剂为分析纯。
三叶鬼针草药材采自采自海南省文昌市,植物样品由中科院兰州化学物理研究所戚欢阳副研究员鉴定,现存放于中国科学院西部特色植物资源化学重点实验室,编号为No.2006001。
1.2 实验方法
三叶鬼针草地上部分(5.5 kg)粉碎后,常温下用95%乙醇浸泡3次,每次7 d,减压浓缩回收乙醇,合并得总浸膏400 g。将总浸膏加水溶解,形成悬浊液,充分搅拌后,依次用石油醚(60~90 ℃)、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取,分别减压浓缩回收溶剂,根据薄层色谱(TLC)检测结果,将石油醚和乙酸乙酯萃取部分合并进行分离,共得浸膏121 g(Bp1),正丁醇萃取部分浸膏58 g(Bp2)。将Bp1部分经硅胶柱层析分离,以石油醚∶乙酸乙酯为洗脱剂梯度洗脱(40∶1~0∶1),等量接样,TLC跟踪检测,合并相同馏分,减压浓缩得到6个组分A(40∶1),B(15∶1),C(8∶1),D(3∶1),E(1∶1),F(0∶1)。其中B部分再经硅胶柱层析,以石油醚-丙酮和石油醚-乙酸乙酯体系为洗脱剂反复洗脱分离得到化合物1(23.0 mg)。C组分经硅胶柱层析,以石油醚-丙酮(30∶1)为洗脱剂,得到三个部分(C1~C3),其中C1部分经葡聚糖凝胶(Sephadex LH-20) 柱色谱粗分离除杂后,再经硅胶柱层析,以石油醚-乙酸乙酯(20∶1)、石油醚-丙酮(20∶1)为洗脱剂反复洗脱得到化合物4(12.0 mg)和5(4.2 mg);C2部分经硅胶柱色谱,以石油醚-乙酸乙酯(20∶1)和氯仿-乙酸乙酯(30∶1)为洗脱剂反复洗脱得到化合物2(10.0 mg)和3(8.2 mg);C3部分以氯仿-乙酸乙酯(20∶1)、石油醚-丙酮(15∶1)为洗脱剂,经硅胶柱层析反复洗脱得到化合物10(6.3 mg)和11(11.0 mg)。同样采用硅胶柱色谱的方法从D组分中分离得到化合物6(10.7 mg),7(31.0 mg),8(23.8 mg)和9(35.5 mg);组分E经硅胶柱层析反复洗脱得到化合物12(21.4 mg)。
化合物1 无色油状物。1H NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δH5.13(1H,m,H-4),5.10(1H,m,H-10),1.95-2.08(10H,m,5×CH2),1.67(3H,s,H-14),1.59(9H,s,H-12,13,15);13C NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δC135.0(C-3),134.8(C-11),131.2(C-6),124(C-4),124.3(C-7),124.3(C-10),39.7(C-5),39.7(C-2),28.2(C-1),26.7(C-8),26.6(C-9),25.7(C-15),17.6(C-14),16.0(C-12),15.9(C-13)。以上波谱数据与文献[6]中没药烯一致,故确定该化合物为没药烯(bisabolene)。
化合物2 无色针状晶体。1H NMR(CDCl3,300 MHz),δH5.59(1H,d,J=5.4 Hz,H-6),3.85(1H,brs,H-7),3.58(1H,m,H-3),0.99(3H,s,H-19),0.93(3H,d,J=6.6 Hz,H-21),0.85(3H,d,J=7.2 Hz,H-29),0.83(3H,d,J=6.6 Hz,H-26),0.82(3H,d,J=6.6 Hz,H-27);13C NMR(CDCl3,75 MHz),δC146.2(C-5),123.8(C-6),71.3(C-3),65.3(C-7),55.7(C-17),49.5(C-14),45.8(C-24),42.3(C-4),42.3(C-13),42.1(C-9),40.4(C-12),37.5(C-10),37.4(C-8),36.9(C-1),36.1(C-20),33.9(C-22),31.8(C-2),29.1(C-25),28.9(C-16),25.9(C-23),25.3(C-15),23.1(C-28),21.1(C-11),20.7(C-26),19.8(C-27),19.0(C-21),18.9(C-19),12.2(C-29),11.8(C-18)。以上波谱数据与文献[7]中报道一致,故确定该化合物为7α-羟基-β-谷甾醇(7α-hydroxy-β-sitosterol)。
化合物3 无色针状晶体。1H NMR(CDCl3,300 MHz),δH5.55(1H,brs,H-4),4.22(1H,m,H-3),4.18(1H,m,H-6),1.02(3H,s,H-19),0.93(3H,d,J=7.2 Hz,H-21),0.84(3H,d,J=6.9 Hz,H-29),0.82(3H,d,J=7.2 Hz,H-26),0.80(3H,d,J=7.2 Hz,H-27),0.71(3H,s,H-18);13C NMR(CDCl3,75 MHz),δC147.6(C-5),128.7(C-4),74.2(C-3),68.0(C-6),56.1(C-17),51.2(C-14),45.8(C-24),42.3(C-13),42.1(C-9),40.5(C-12),39.7(C-7),39.1(C-10),36.8(C-8),36.7(C-1),36.1(C-20),33.9(C-22),31.9(C-2),29.2(C-25),28.9(C-16),26.1(C-23),25.4(C-15),23.1(C-28),21.2(C-11),20.9(C-26),19.8(C-27),18.9(C-21),18.7(C-19),12.2(C-29),12.0(C-18)。以上波谱数据与文献[8]中报道一致,故确定该化合物为豆甾-4-烯-3β,6α-二醇(stigmastan-4-ene-3β,6α-dihydroxy)。
化合物4 无色针状晶体。1H-NMR(CDCl3,300 MHz)δH5.69(1H,s,H-6),5.17(1H,m,H-22),5.02(1H,m,H-23),3.66(1H,m,H-3),1.20(3H,s,H-19),0.93(3H,d,J=6.6 Hz,H-21),0.85(3H,t,J=6.9 Hz,H-29),0.84(3H,d,J=6.3 Hz,H-26),0.82(3H,d,J=6.3 Hz,H-27),0.69(3H,s,H-18);13C NMR CDCl3,75 MHz),δC202.3(C-7),165.2(C-5),138.1(C-22),129.4(C-23),126.1(C-6),70.5(C-3),54.6(C-17),51.2(C-9),49.9(C-14),49.8(C-24),45.3(C-8),42.9(C-13),41.7(C-4),38.6(C-12),38.2(C-10), 36.6(C-1),36.0(C-20),31.8(C-2),29.0(C-25),28.5(C-16),26.3(C-15),25.3(C-28),21.4(C-11),21.0(C-26),21.1(C-27),118.9(C-21),17.3(C-19),12.2(C-29),12.1(C-18)。以上波谱数据与文献[7]中报道一致,故确定该化合物为豆甾醇-7-酮 (7-oxo-stigmasterol)。
化合物5 淡黄色针状晶体。1HNMR(CDCl3,300 MHz):δH7.60(1H,d,J=9.9 Hz,H-4),6.92(1H,s,H-5),6.84(1H,s,H-8),6.27(1H,d,J=9.9 Hz,H-3),6.16(1H,brs,6-OH),3.95(3H,s,7-OCH3);13CNMR(CDCl3,75 MHz):δC161.4(C-2),150.2(C-9),149.6(C-7),144.0(C-6),143.4(C-4),113.3(C-3),111.4(C-10),107.4(C-5),103.1(C-8),56.4(7-OCH3)。以上波谱数据与文献[9]报道一致,故确定该化合物为7-甲氧基-6-羟基香豆素(7-methoxy-6-hydroxy-coumarin)。
化合物6 白色片状晶体。13CNMR(CDCl3,75 MHz):δC174.3(C-1′),70.3(C-2),65.2(C-1),63.4(C-3),34.2(C-2′),31.9(C-14′),29.1-29.7(C-4′-C-13′),24.9(C-3′),22.6(C-15′),14.1(C-16′)。以上波谱数据与文献[10]报道一致,故确定该化合物为1-棕榈酸甘油酯(1-hexadecanoic acid monoglyceride)。
化合物7 白色针状晶体。1H-NMR(CDCl3,300 MHz)δH5.35(1H,brs,H-6),4.37(1H,d,J=7.2 Hz,H-1′),4.30(1H,m,H-3);13C NMR(CDCl3,75 MHz)δC174.2(C-1″),140.3(C-5),122.0(C-6),101.3(C-1′),79.9(C-3),76.2(C-5′),73.7(C-3′),73.3(C-2′),70.4(C-4′),63.7(C-6′),56.7(C-14),56.2(C-17),50.1(C-9),45.7(C-24),42.3(C-13),40.5(C-12),39.7(C-4),38.9(C-10),37.2(C-1),36.1(C-20),34.3(C-7),33.9(C-22),31.9(C-2),31.8(C-8),29.6(C-23),29.1(C-26),28.2(C-16),26.2(C-28),24.2(C-15),21.2(C-11),19.8(C-27),19.3(C-19),19.1(C-21),18.7(C-25),14.1(C-16″),11.9(C-29),11.8(C-18)。以上波谱数据与文献[11]报道一致,故确定该化合物为3β-O-(6′-十六烷酰氧基-β-吡喃葡萄糖基)-豆甾-5-烯(3β-O-(6′-hexadecanoyl-β-glucoside)-stigmastan-5-ene)。
化合物8 白色胶状固体。ESI-MSm/z716.3([M+H]+) ;1H NMR(CDCl3,300 MHz)δH7.48(1H,d,J=9.2 Hz,NH), 5.35(2H,m,H-8和H-9),4.12(1H,d,J=7.6 Hz,H-1″),3.90(1H,m,H-1a),3.85(1H,m,H-2′),3.77(1H,m,H-2),3.67(1H,dd,J=10.0,6.0 Hz,H-6″a),3.57(1H,dd,J=10.4,3.6 Hz,H-1b),3.45(1H,m,H-3),3.40(1H,m,H-6″b),3.15(1H,m,H-3″),3.10(1H,m,H-5″),3.05(1H,m,H-4″),2.95(1H,m,H-2″),1.92(4H,m,H-7和H-10),1.55(4H,m,H-3′和H-4′),1.54(2H,m,H-5),1.24(2H,m,H-4),0.85(3H,t,J=6.8 Hz,H-18),0.84(3H,t,J=6.8 Hz,H-16′);13C NMR(CDCl3,75 MHz)δC173.6(C-1′),130.0(C-8),129.8(C-9),103.4(C-1″),76.8(C-3″),76.5(C-5),73.4(C-2),70.9(C-2′),69.5(C-4″),69.5(C-3),69.0(C-1),61.1(C-6″),52.7(C-2),34.4(C-3′),33.4(C-4),32.0(C-7),31.9(C-10),31.2(C-14′),24.6(C-4′),24.2(C-5),22.1(C-17),22.1(C-15′),13.8(C-18),13.7(C-16′)。以上波谱数据与文献[12]报道一致,故确定该化合物为1-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(2S,3R,8E)-2-[(2′R)-2-羟基棕榈酰胺]-8-十八碳烯-1,3-二醇(1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S,3R,8E)-2[(2′R)-2-hydroxyl-palmitoylamino]-8-octadecene-1,3-diol)。
化合物9 白色胶状固体。ESI-MSm/z732.3([M+H]+) ;1H NMR(CDCl3,300 MHz)δH7.52(1H,d,J=9.2 Hz,NH),5.36(2H,m,H-8和H-9),4.13(1H,d,J=7.6 Hz,H-1″),4.09(1H,m,H-2),3.84(1H,m,H-2′),3.79(1H,m,H-1a),3.68(1H,dd,J=10.0,6.0 Hz,H-6″a),3.65(1H,dd,J=10.4,3.6 Hz,H-1b),3.43(1H,m,H-6″b),3.36(1H,m,H-3),3.34(1H,m,H-4),3.13(1H,m,H-3″),3.09(1H,m,H-5″),3.03(1H,m,H-4″),2.93(1H,m,H-2″),1.92(4H,m,H-7和H-10),1.59(1H,m,H-3′a),1.48(3H,m,H-3′和H-4′),0.85(3H,t,J=6.8 Hz,H-18),0.84(3H,t,J=6.8 Hz,H-16′);13C NMR(CDCl3,75 MHz)δC173.7(C-1′),130.2(C-8),129.8(C-9),103.4(C-1″),76.8(C-3″),76.5(C-5),74.1(C-4),73.4(C-2″),70.9(C-2′),69.9(C-4′′),70.5(C-3),68.8(C-1),61.0(C-6″),49.8(C-2),34.5(C-3′),32.2(C-7),31.9(C-10),31.2(C-14′),25.4(C-5),24.4(C-4′),22.0(C-17),22.0(C-15′),13.9(C-18),13.8(C-16′)。以上波谱数据与文献[13]报道一致,故确定该化合物为葱木脑苷(1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S,3S,4R,8E)-2[(2′R)-2-hydroxyl-palmitoylamino]-8-octadecene-1,3,4-triol)。
化合物10 无色胶状固体。1H NMR(CDCl3,300 MHz)δH7.01(1H,d,J=15.9 Hz,H-7),6.27(1H,d,J=15.9 Hz,H-8),3.89(1H,m,H-3),2.27(3H,s,H-10),1.18(6H,s,H-11,H-13),0.96(3H,s,H-12);13C NMR(CDCl3,75 MHz)δC197. 4(C-9),142.4(C-7),132.5(C-8),69.4(C-6),67.3(C-5),63.9(C-3),46.6(C-4),40.5(C-2),35.1(C-1),29.3(C-10),28.3(C-12),24.9(C-11),19.8(C-13)。以上波谱数据与参考文献[14]报道一致,故确定该化合物为(3S,5R,6S,7E)-5,6-环氧-3-羟基-7-巨豆烯-9-酮((3S,5R,6S,7E)-5,6-epoxy-3-hydroxy-7-megastigmene-9-one)。
化合物11 无色针状晶体。1H NMR(CDCl3,300 MHz)δH5.69(1H,s,H-7),4.34(1H,m,H-3),2.48(1H,dt,J=14.1,3.0 Hz,H-4a),1.98(1H,dt,J=14.7,2.4 Hz,H-2a),1.79(3H,s,H-11),1.78(1H,m,H-4b),1.53(1H,m,H-2b),1.48(3H,s,H-10),1.28(3H,s,H-9);13C NMR(CDCl3,75 MHz)δC182.7(C-6),172.1(C-8),112.7(C-7),86.9(C-5),66.7(C-3),47.2(C-2),45.5(C-4),35.9(C-1),30.6(C-9),26.9(C-11),26.4(C-10)。以上波谱数据与文献[15]报道一致,故确定该化合物为3-羟基二氢猕猴桃内酯(loliolide)。
化合物12 无色油状物。1HNMR(acetone-d6,300 MHz):δH4.44(1H,m,H-4α),4.12(1H,m,H-4β),4.14(1H,m,H-3),1.38(3H,s,2-Me);13C NMR(acetone-d6,75 MHz):δC177.6(C-1),73.4(C-3),73.2(C-2),71.6(C-4),20.9(2-Me)。以上波谱数据与文献[16]报道一致,故确定该化合物为2β,3β-二羟基-2α-甲基-γ-内酯(2β,3β-dihydroxy-2α-methyl-γ-lactone)。
从20世纪70年代开始,鬼针草属植物逐渐引起了国内外学者的普遍关注,研究多集中于特色多烯炔类及黄酮类成分的化学成分及药理作用,以及活性部位的药理作用(抗炎、降血糖、抗疟等)方面[3-5],对其多样化的活性成分和深入的作用机制研究报道较少。
本实验对采自海南文昌地区的三叶鬼针草进行了化学成分的研究,分离得到的化合物主要包括倍半萜烯、甾体类、高级脂肪酸酯类、香豆素类成分,与其他产地的三叶鬼针草的主要成分类型相似,也有首次分离得到的脑苷脂类及单萜内酯类成分(化合物7~12),研究结果对后期深入开展药理活性研究及植物分类学研究提供科学依据。
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Study on the Chemical Constituents ofBidensPilosa
WANGRui1,LIUShi-wu1,SHIYan-ping2
(1. Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Universities of Shandong Province, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China;2. Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China)
The investigation of the chemical constituents ofBidenspilosa, collected in Hainan province, was carried out by silica column chromatography, Sephadex column chromatography and recrystallization after extraction with ethanol and different polar solvent.In combination with the spectroscopic data from literature, the structures of all compounds have been elucidated on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic methods. As a result, twelve compounds were obtained, and their structures were elucidated as bisabolene (1), 7α-hydroxy-β-sitosterol (2), stigmastan-4-ene-3β,6α-dihydroxy (3), 7-oxo-stigmasterol (4), 7-methoxy-6-hydroxy- coumarin (5), 1-hexadecanoic acid monoglyceride (6), 3β-O-(6′-hexadecanoyl-β- glucoside) -stigmastan-5-ene (7), 1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S,3R,8E)-2-[(2′R)-2- hydroxypalmitoylamino] -8-ctadecene-1,3-diol (8), 1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S,3S, 4R,8E)-2-[(2′R)-2- hydroxypalmitoyl-amino]-8-octadecene-1,3,4-triol (9), (3S,5R,6S, 7E)-5,6-epoxy-3- hydroxy-7-megastigmene-9-one (10), loliolide (11), 2β,3β- dihydroxy-2α-methyl-γ-lactone (12). Compounds (7)-(12) were isolated from this plant for the first time. The discover has a certain guiding significance to the rational development and utilization of medicinal plant resources.
compositae;Bidenspilosa; chemical constituents
2015-01-15
国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(81303202);潍坊市科技发展计划项目(2014GX032);潍坊学院博士科研基金项目(2014BS09)
王 瑞(1982-),男,山东淄博人,讲师,现主要从事天然药物化学研究。
Tel.: 0536-8785288; E-mail: wangrui0810@wfu.edu.cn
R 284.1
A
1006-7167(2015)10-0032-04