□高德胜
祈使句型探秘
□高德胜
祈使句是表达说话人对他人的叮嘱、劝告、请求或命令等,往往表示请求、命令、希望、禁止、劝告等意思。
祈使句一般没有主语,实际上是省略了主语“You”。句末用感叹号或句号,用降调朗读。肯定结构都以动词原形开头。如:
Tell me the news.告诉我这消息。(让“你“告诉这个消息)
Catch the ball!接球!(让“你”接球)
Go and ask the teacher.去问问老师。(让“你”去问老师)
1.祈使句的肯定句式有三种形式
(1)Do型(以行为动词原形开头)
Sit down!坐下!Stand up!起立!
(2)Be型(以be开头)
Be quiet!安静!
(3)Let型(以let开头)
Let me help you to carry the box.让我来帮你搬这个箱子。
注意:三种句型中Do型是最常见的一种结构。表示请求、劝告的祈使句还常常在句前或句末加上Please,构成句式Please...或...please.以使语气更加缓和或客气。如:
Please stand up.或Stand up,p lease.请站起来。
Please have a rest.或Have a rest,p lease.请休息一下。
2.祈使句的否定结构是以“Don’t+动词原形”开头。
Don’t p lay football in the street.别在街上踢足球!
Don’t go there,p lease.请别去那儿。
Don’t be late.不要迟到。
Don’t let him in.不要让他进来。
注意:Let’s型祈使句,其否定式也可用Let’s not。如:
Let’s not have rest.咱们别休息了。
Let’s not sit here!我们不要坐在这儿!
【练一练】
Ⅰ.单项选择
1.Jack,____________play around here.Your sister is asleep now.
A.doesn’t B.not C.no D.don’t(2015四川绵阳)
2.____________on the grass,or it will“cry”.
A.To walk B.Not to walk
C.W alk D.Don’t walk(2015陕西)
3.____________kind and help ful to the peop le around us,and we will make
the world a nice p lace to live in.
A.Be B.Being C.To be D.Been(2015河南)
4.Please____________ your exam papers once again before handing them in.
A.going over B.went over
C.go over D.to go over(2015上海)
5.____________along the street,and you can find the hotel on your right,next to the market.
A.Walk B.To walk
C.W alks D.Walking(2015吉林长春)
Ⅱ.将下列汉语翻译成英语
1.请照看好您的包。____________
2.让我们去购物吧!____________
3.亲爱的,高兴点儿!____________
4.不要在教室大声说话!____________
5.不要让狗进来。____________
参考答案:
Ⅰ.1.D 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.A
Ⅱ.1.Please look after your bag.2.Let’s go shopping!3.Be glad,dear!4.Don’t talk aloud in the classroom.5.Don’t let the dog come in./Let the dog not come in.