如何做好句子的衔接

陈传光

文章是由句子和段落构成的。在腹稿打好后，就可动笔把原来列出的要点在草稿纸上写成句子，再连句成篇，这是最艰巨的阶段，同学们要充分运用所学的相近或相似的词语和表达法，选择自己较熟悉或拿手的句式来表达。同时要注意语法结构尤其是动词人称、数和时态，避免错误百出、语病成堆。对于有能力上更高层次的考生，可以适当运用复合句，如宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句以及非谓语动词，以增加文章的美感和说服力。要使自己的文章通顺、流畅、层次清楚，就必须恰当地使用过渡词语。下面就让我们来认识一下常见的过渡词语：

1. 表时间的过渡词语：now， then， soon， before long， shortly after that， ...minutes later， just now， just then， suddenly， immediately， the moment， as soon as等。

【经典范例】

（1） 一天下午，一些男孩在操场上踢足球，突然有个孩子跌倒了且伤了腿。

One afternoon when some boys were playing football on the playground， one of them fell over and hurt his leg.

→One afternoon some boys were playing football on the playground when one of them fell over and hurt his leg.

→One afternoon some boys were playing football on the playground. Suddenly one of them fell over and hurt his leg.

（2） 那个年轻人一看到孩子在水里挣扎，他就跳进河里，五分钟后孩子得救了。

When the young man saw a child struggling in the river， he jumped into the water immediately. Five minutes later， the child was saved.

→The young man jumped into the water as soon as he saw a child struggling in the river. After five minutes， the child was saved.

→The moment the young man saw a child struggling in the river， he jumped into the water and saved the child in five minutes.

2. 表顺序及过程的过渡词语：first（ly）， first of all， second（ly）， at first， then， next， at last， finally等。

【经典范例】

（1） 每天早晨我起床后有很多事要做，首先刷牙、洗脸，接着读书，最后吃饭。

I have a lot of things to do after I get up every morning. First I brush my teeth， wash my face， then do some reading， at last / finally have breakfast.

→I have a lot of things to do after I get up every morning. Firstly， I brush my teeth， wash my face， secondly do some reading， finally have breakfast.

（2） 下午课后我们要进行大扫除。首先我们把教室打扫一下，然后把门窗擦一下。

Well have a good cleaning after class this morning. First of all lets clean our classroom， and then well clean windows and doors.

3. 表转折和让步的过渡词语：but， （and） yet， instead， however， although， though， otherwise， or else， in spite of等。

【经典范例】

（1） 爸爸虽然很忙，但他总是乐于帮我学英语。

Though / Although my father is very busy， he always likes to help me with my English.

→Though / Although my father is very busy， yet he always likes to help me with my English.

→My father is very busy， however， he always likes to help me with my English.

（2） 尽管他是个孩子，但他知道很多。

Though he is a child， he knows a lot.

→He is a child， but he knows a lot.

4. 表结果和原因的过渡词语：thus， therefore， so， so...that， so that， as a result， （un）fortunately， because等。

【经典范例】

（1） 我认为学好英语很重要，因为世界上许多国家都使用它。

I think it is important to study English well because it is used in many countries in the world.

→English is spoken in many countries in the world， so I think it is important to study it well.

（2） 我的语文老师夜以继日地工作，结果病了。

My Chinese teacher works day and night. As a result， he gets ill.

→My Chinese teacher gets ill because he works day and night.

5. 表强调的过渡词语：first of all， above all， indeed， surely， of course， after all， at least， at most等。

【经典范例】

（1） 患难见真情。

A friend in need is a friend indeed.

（2） 那孩子不能上学，毕竟他才5岁。

The child isnt old enough to go to school. After all he is only five.

6. 表递进的过渡词语：besides， whats more， in addition， even， once more， what was worse等。

【经典范例】

（1） 爸爸是一个非常懒的人，在家根本不帮妈妈做家务，而且喜欢喝酒、打牌。

My father is a very lazy man. He doesnt help mother do housework at home at all. Whats more， he likes drinking and playing cards.

（2） 昨天放学后，天下着大雨。更糟糕的是，我没带雨伞。

It was raining hard after school yesterday. What was more， I had no umbrella with me.

7. 表解释和说明的过渡词语：in other words， that is to say， for example， and so on， such as， in ones opinion， believe it or not， to tell you the truth， according to this， for this reason等。

【经典范例】

（1） 北京有许多名胜，如长城、故宫和颐和园等。

There are many places of interest in Beijing， such as the Great Wall， the Palace Museum， and the Summer Palace and so on.

（2） 小明比班里任何一个学生都努力。换句话说，他是班里最用功的学生。

Xiao Ming works harder than any other student in his class. In other words， he works hardest in his class.

8. 表总结的过渡词语：finally， in conclusion， in a word， in general， generally speaking， in short， as you / we know， in the end， in all等。

【经典范例】

（1） 你知道，在我的老师帮助下，我在学习方面取得了很大进步。

As you know， with the help of my teachers， Ive made great progress in my studies.

（2） 总之，在业余时间帮助父母做些家务是很必要的。

In a word， it is necessary to help our parents do some housework in our spare time.