高考英语中状语从句的考查要点归纳

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高考英语中状语从句的考查要点归纳

常 侠

状语从句一直是高考英语的热点，关于其用法的考题在高考英语单项填空题中所占比例较大。通过对近几年全国各省、市英语高考真题中单项填空题、状语从句考查的要点进行归纳及总结，对于提高中学英语教学效果具有重要意义。

高考英语；状语从句；考点

高考英语对状语从句的考查主要体现在对引导状语从句连词的选择、从句中的省略、主从句时态的呼应及状语从句的倒装用法这四点上。因此，弄清这四点是解答与状语从句相关题的关键。以下是笔者根据多年的教学实践，并结合《高中英语语法考点大全》（刘荣新2011）和《金考卷特快专递全国各省市高考试题汇编·英语》（杜志建2010～2015）中的真题，对高考英语状语从句的考查要点进行的分析。

一、状语从句中连词的选择

由从属连词引导的从句在句中作状语被称作状语从句，它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。高考英语中对引导状语从句从属连词考查的频率较高，而且重点放在了比较容易混淆的连词上，以下针对近几年全国各省、市英语高考真题中单项填空题对状语从句从属连词的考查要点进行小结。

（一）时间状语从句

1.when，as和while的用法

这三个词都可以引导时间状语从句，when表示时间点，意思是“在……时刻”；as引导一个持续性动作，强调主从句的动作同时进行，表示主从句谓语动词动作同时或交替进行，意思是“一边……一边”；while与延续性动词连用，意思是“当……的时候”。如：

（1）It was the middle of the night when my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.（2014江西卷，35）

（2）He smiled politely as Mary apologized for her drunken friends.（2012山东卷，27）

（3）Just as I got to the school gate,I realized I had left my book in the café.(2015安徽卷，24)

（4）Mary made coffee while her guests were finishing their meal.（2010全国卷Ⅰ，25）

但是，while还可以连接并列句，while表示对比或转折，意思是“而；然而”如：

（5）There's no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery while another man,also intelligent,fails.（2013课标卷I，32）

2.before的用法

（1）表示“在……之前”，如：

We need to get to the root of the problem before we can solve it.（2015天津卷，12）

（2）“It will be+一段时间+before...”表示“还要多久才……”，如：

If you miss this chance,it may be years before you get another one.（2015重庆卷，4）

（3）表示“还未……就……；不到……就……；还没来得及……就……”，如：

The young couple,who returned my lost wallet, left before I could ask for their names.（2015陕西卷，24）

3.till，until和not...until的用法

（1）肯定句：谓语动词用延续性动词，表示主句到此时才结束，意思是“某动作持续到某一时间点”。如：

I'm not in a hurry,so don't worry and I will wait until you are ready.

（2）否定句：谓语动词用非延续性动词，表示“某动作到某时间点才开始”。如：

Not until he went through real hardship did he realize the love we have for our families is important.（2013福建卷，34）

4.since引导的时间状语从句

（1）I have heard a lot of good things about you since I came back from abroad.（2013陕西卷，18）

（2）在句型“It is+一段时间+since从句”中，句子的意思要取决于从句的动词是非延续性还是延续性动词。当since从句的谓语动词是非延续性动词时，意思是“自从……以来有多久了”；当since从句的谓语动词是延续性动词时，意思是“自从从句的动作结束到现在有多长的时间”或“多久不做……了”。如：

①As is reported,it is 100 years since Qinghua University was founded.（2011四川卷，6）

②My friend Tony moved to Shanghai last year and it is a year since he worked in our school.

5.在表示“一……就……”的as soon as,the moment,immediately，hardly...when，no sooner...than等词引导的时间状语从句中，从句中用一般现在时代替将来时态。

We'll offer you a larger one as soon as it becomes available.（2010安徽卷，33）

6.在each/every/any/next time及the first/second/last time引导的时间状语从句中，从句中用一般现在时代替将来时态。如：

“Every time you eat a sweet,drink green tea.”This is what my mother used to tell me.（2014浙江卷，8）

（二）条件状语从句

引导条件状语从句的连词有if,unless,as long as等，在条件状语从句中常用一般现在时态代替将来时态。如：

1.If you come to China,you will experience a culture of amazing depth and variety.（2015安徽卷, 22）

2.You won't find paper cutting difficult as long as you keep practicing it.（2015北京卷,28）

3.You will never gain success unless you are fully devoted to your work.（2014湖南卷，26）

4.Once the damage is done,it will take many years for the farmland to recover.（2015北京卷，28）

5.I'll be out for some time.In case anything important happens,call me up immediately.（2014四川卷，8）

（三）原因状语从句

连词有because,as,since,now that,in that。because语气最强，as引导原因状语从句，一般放在句首，语气要比because弱，而since比as较正式，now that相当于since，in that相当于because。如：

1.I am so grateful to all those volunteers because they helped my terrible day end happily.（2015安徽卷，26）

2.Mark needs to learn Chinese since his company is opening a branch in Beijing.（2013山东卷，26）

（四）地点状语从句

1.Where he once felt like giving up,he now has the determination to push further and keep on going.（2014安徽，34）

2.Half an hour later,Lucy still couldn't get a taxi where the bus had dropped her.（2014重庆，14）

（五）目的状语从句

从句谓语常用could或can,may,might等情态动词。如：

The team are working hard to analyze the problem so that/in order that they can find the best solution.（2015湖北卷，25）

（六）结果状语从句

连词由so...that或such...that引导，当so或such置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。如：

1.There are so much that we often share them with our neighbors.（2014新课标I改错题）

2.So hard does Jack work that he has made great progress recently.

（七）让步状语从句

1.although/though和even though/even if引导的让步状语从句，although与though可互换,可与yet（或still）连用，但不可与but连用。如：

（1）Although the job takes a significant amount of time,most students agree that the experience is worth it.（2015湖南卷，33）

（2）Though scientists have learned a lot about the universe,there is much we still don't know.（2015安徽卷，23）

（3）Even though the forest park is far away,a lot of tourists visit it every year.（2014北京卷，29）

2.疑问词+ever与no matter+疑问词和whether...or...引导的让步状语从句，如：

Whenever I have to give a speech,I get extremely nervous before I start.（2013山东卷，28）

3.as引导让步状语从句时用倒装语序。如：

Busy as they are,they come to help us from time to time.

4.while通常位于句首，相当于although，意思是“虽然”。

While the students came from different countries,they got quite well in the summer camp.（2015福建卷，31）

（八）方式状语从句

方式状语从句常用as,just as,as if,as though等引导，如：

1.Just as a single world can change the meaning of a sentence,a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph.（2015浙江卷，9）

2.It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I had done it?（2014重庆卷，14）

（九）比较状语从句

比较状语从句常由下列词语引导：as...as，not so/as...as,more/less...than，the more+adj./adv., the more+adj./adv.如：

1.It's said that the power plant is now twice as large as what it was.（2013安徽卷，33）

2.The more friends we have，the more we can learn from each other.（2014大纲卷改错题）

【解题对策】解答状语从句中连词的选择题的关键是分清状语从句的句意及逻辑关系，弄清每个从属连词的语意和语用特征，分析句子结构，判断状语从句的类别，根据语境和语意就可以选择正确的连词。

二、状语从句中的省略

当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致，或者状语从句主语是it且从句谓语动词中含有be时，常常把从句的主语和谓语部分的be一起省略掉。

（一）时间状语从句中的省略

如：1.While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted,Henry did his best to perform his duty.（2014安徽卷，32）

2.Children，when accompanied by their parents, areallowed to enterthe stadium.（2014湖南卷,21）

（二）条件状语从句中的省略

如：1.It is so cold that you can't go outside unless fully covered in thick clothes.（2015江苏卷,26）

2.If accepted for the job，you'll be informed soon.（2015北京卷，31）

（三）方式状语从句中的省略

如：In class，students often get involved in class activities and play games as told.

（四）让步状语从句中的省略

如：Although small，the company has about 1,000 buyers in over 30 countries.（2013天津卷，5）

【解题对策】不仅要认真分析句子结构，了解句子和连词的意思，准确把握句子间的逻辑关系，同时还要弄清楚状语从句的省略的要求和用法，这才是解题的关键。不过，对于此类问题，运用翻译的方法也有助于解决。

三、状语从句的时态呼应

（一）在when,as soon as,the moment，if,unless等引导的时间和条件状语从句中，遵循“主将从现”的原则，常常要用一般现在时表示将来的意义

1.That's why I help brighten people's days.If you don't,who's to say that another person will?（2015湖南卷，35）

2.As you go through this book,you will find that each of the millions of people who lived through World War II had a different experience.（2015湖南卷，22）

（二）since引导的时间状语从句：从句用一般过去时，主句用完成时态或现在完成进行时态

如：1.His first novel has received good reviews since it came out last month.（2011陕西卷，12）

2.I have to see the doctor because I have been coughing a lot lately.（2010陕西卷，21）

（三）no sooner...than...,hardly/scarcely…when引导的时间状语从句：从句中用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时态。

如：1.I hardly finished my work when Li Lei asked me to help him with his work.

2.No sooner had Mo Yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.（2014陕西卷，17）

（四）在by the time引导的时间状语从句中：这个词组常用来指到某一时间为止，主句常用完成时态。从句若用一般现在时，主句则用将来完成时态；从句若用一般过去时，主句则用过去完成时态。

如：By the time Jack returned home from England,his son had graduated from college.（2011辽宁卷，34）

【解题对策】解答含有状语从句的时态题时，要了解到一些引导状语从句从的属连词是要求主从句时态的相呼应的，要牢记几组常用的固定时态的状语从句的句子，就可以正确使用时态。

四、状语从句的倒装用法

（一）not...until,no sooner...than...,hardly/scarcely...when引导的时间状语从句：如果把这些词放在句首时，主句部分则要用部分倒装语序

如：Not until he went through real hardship did he realize the love we have for our families is important.（2013福建卷，34）

（二）if引导的非真实条件状语从句：如果省去if，就可以把从句中的were,had,should放在句首，就要用部分倒装

如：1.Had I known the schedule,it might have saved me much trouble.(2015江苏卷,28)

2.Were there no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.（2014福建卷，32）

（三）在as引导的让步状语从句中要用倒装结构，表语或状语提前，当表语是可数名词单数形式时要省去a/an

如：Child as Betty is,she is interested in reading.

（四）在so...that或such...that引导的结果状语从句中，当so或such置于句首时，主句则要用部分倒装语序

如：So interesting is the film Night at the Museum that it is worth seeing again.

（五）no matter how,however等引导的状语从句：把需要强调的形容词或副词提至句首，但主谓并不倒装

如：No matter how carefully you plan your finances,no one can predict when the unexpected will happen.（2014浙江卷，9）

（六）only修饰的状语从句提至句首时，则要用部分倒装

如：Only when Lily walked into the office did she realize that she had left the contract at home.（2015天津卷，3）

【解题对策】解题时，要认真分析句子结构，弄清句意，熟知状语从句的倒装用法，利用有关状语从句的倒装知识解答此类试题，灵活运用这几类含有倒装句的状语从句。

因此，要解答好高考英语对状语从句考查的题型，就必须要掌握比较全面的状语从句相关知识，了解引导状语从句的每个从属连词的意思，明白了省略和倒装在状语从句中的用法，注意到部分从属连词引导的状语从句要求主从句时态的呼应，灵活地运用状语从句这一语法知识。总之，连词是前提，时态是保障，省略和倒装是升华。

引用文献

刘荣新.2011.高中英语语法考点大全[M].天津：新蕾出版社：150-155.

杜志建.2010～2015.金考卷特快专递全国各省市高考试题汇编.英语[M].乌鲁木齐：新疆青少年出版社.

作者信息：727000，陕西铜川，陕西省铜川矿务局第一中学