介词不同差异大

2015-02-10 03:29刘颖刘鹏
中学生英语·中考指导版 2014年12期
关键词:及物动词介词谓语

刘颖 刘鹏

介词是英语词类大家族的成员之一,它经常被人们所忽略,然而它却是英语短语或句子结构的重要组成部分。在一些相似的英语短语中,由于介词的不同,其含义差别很大,现列举如下:

1. be strict with与be strict in

(1) be strict with意为“对某人要求严格”,介词with之后必须接“人”。

例如:

As a student,I must be strict with myself. (作为一名学生,我必须严格要求自己。)

(2) be strict in意为“对某事要求严格”,介词in之后须跟“物”。

例如:

We must be strict in our work. (我们对自己的工作必须严格要求。)

2. lie in,lie to和lie on

(1) lie in+方位,指某地方的位置在介词in后宾语所指的范围之内,前者与后者有所属关系。

例如:

Beijing lies in the north of China. (北京位于中国的北部。)

(2) lie to+方位,指某地的位置在介词to后宾语所指的范围之外,两者无所属关系。

例如:

Japan lies to the east of China. (日本位于中国的东部。)

(3) lie on+方位,表示某地的位置与介词on后的宾语所指的位置相邻,两者无所属关系。

例如:

Shandong lies on the east of Shanxi. (山东位于山西的东部。)

3. look for,look at,look up,look out和look over

(1) look for意为“寻找”。

例如:

He is looking for his pen. (他正在找他的钢笔。)

(2) look at意为“看”。

例如:

Please look at the blackboard. (请看黑板。)

(3) look up意为“查找”。

例如:

You should look up the new word in your dictionary. (你应该在你的字典里查一查这个生单词。)

(4) look out意为“注意、小心”。

例如:

Look out!Here comes the bus. (注意!车过来了。)

(5) look over意为“查看、检查”。

例如:

The doctor is looking over the little boy now. (现在,医生正在给小男孩做检查。)

4. be careful with与be careful of

(1) be careful with意为“在……方面认真、在……方面细心”。

例如:

You must be careful with your homework. (你必须认真做家庭作业。)

(2) be careful of意为“当心、注意”,相当于pay attention to。

例如:

He warned us to be careful of snake. (他警告我们要当心蛇。)

5. by the end of,at the end of和in the end of

(1) by the end of意为“到……末为止”,其后接表示时间的名词时,如果时间名词是表示过去的时间,谓语动词要用过去完成时。

例如:

By the end of this week,We had learned three English songs. (到这个周末,我们已经学了三首英语歌了。)

(2) at the end of意为“在……尽头、在……结束的时候”,后可接地点,也可接时间,如果后接表示过去的时间,句中的谓语动词要用一般过去时态;如果接地点,句中谓语动词常用将来时态。

例如:

I went to see my friend at the end of last week. (我上周末去看望了我的朋友。)

You will find the hospital at the end of the road. (在路的尽头你将会找到医院。)

(3) in the end意为“最后”,相当于finally,at last。

例如:

They have won the football match in the end. (最后他们获得了足球比赛的胜利。)

6. be made of,be made from和be made in

(1) be made of意为“由……制成”,强调能从产品上看出原料。

例如:

The desk is made of wood. (桌子是用木头造的。)

(2) be made from意为“由……制造”,强调从产品上看不出原料。

例如:

Paper is made from grass. (纸是用草做的。)endprint

(3) be made in意为“在……地方制造”。

例如:

My pen is made in Weifang. (我的钢笔是潍坊造的。)

7. on ones way,in ones way和by the way

(1) on ones way意为“在……途中”。

例如:

On my way home I met my friend yesterday. (昨天我在回家的路上遇见了我的朋友。)

(2) in ones way意为“挡道”。

例如:

A truck was in our way yesterday. (昨天一辆卡车挡住了我们的路。)

(3) by the way意为“顺便说一下”。

例如:

By the way,do you know where Weifang is? (顺便问一下,你知道潍坊在哪里吗?)

8. by oneself,for oneself和to oneself

(1) by oneself意为“独自地、无助地”,强调某人单独做某事,而不需要别人帮助。

例如:

You must do your work by yourself. (你必须独自做你的工作。)

(2) for oneself意为“为自己的利益而做某事”。

例如:

They have built a house for themselves. (他们为自己建造了一幢房子。)

(3) to oneself意为“暗自、在心中”,常与talk,say,think等动词连用。

例如:

He said to himself that there was something wrong. (他想这其中有毛病。)

注意:say to oneself意为“在心里想”;talk/ speak to oneself意为“自言自语”。

9. be pleased with与be pleased at

(1) be pleased with意为“对……感到满意”,相当于be satisfied with。

例如:

Our teacher said he was pleased with our work. (我们的老师说,他对我们的工作很满意。)

(2) be pleased at意为“因……而高兴”。

例如:

I am pleased at hearing what you said. (听到你说的话我很高兴。)

10. give in与give up

(1) give in意为“让步、屈服”,用作不及物动词,其后不能跟宾语。

例如:

In the end the teacher had to give in. (最后这位老师不得不屈服。)

(2) give up意为“放弃、投降”,可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词,后接动词时一般要用动名词。

例如:

He didnt pass the exam,but he didnt give up. (尽管他考试没有及格,但是他没有放弃。)

11. be good at,be good to,be good for和be good with

(1) be good at意为“擅长”。

例如:

He is good at studying English. (他擅长学英语。)

(2) be good to意为“对……和善”。

例如:

Our teachers are very good to us. (我们的老师对我们很和蔼。)

(3) be good for意为“对……有益”。

例如:

It is good for our heath to eat more vegetables. (多吃蔬菜有益于我们的健康。)

(4) be good with意为“和……友好相处”。

例如:

We are good with our teachers. (我们和老师相处得很好。)

12. be angry with,be angry at和be angry about

(1) be angry with意为“生某人的气”。

例如:

My mother is often angry with me. (我妈妈经常生我的气。)

(2) be angry at意为“对某种行为生气”。

例如:

He is angry at what you did last week. (他对你上周所做的事感到生气。)

(3) be angry about意为“对某件事生气”。

例如:

He is often angry about something bad. (他经常对一些不好的事情感到生气。)

13. be on,be to和be in

(1) be on意为“正在发生、进行中”。

例如:

The meeting is on. (会议正在进行中。)endprint

(2) be to意为“去、来过某地”,介词之后接地点,如果是副词则不需要介词to。

例如:

He has been to Beijing. (他去过北京。)

He has been there. (他去过那儿。)

(3) be in表示“去、来某地了、在某地”,强调动作的状态。经常和表示时间的状语连用,介词之后接地点,如果是副词则不需要介词in。

例如:

My father has been in Shanghai for three years. (我父亲去上海三年了。)

She has been in our school since five years ago. (自从五年前,她就在我们学校。)

14. spend on,spend with和spend in

(1) spend on意为“在……花费时间、钱”。

例如:

I spent two hours on TV yesterday. (昨天我看了两个小时的电视。)

I spent three yuan on the book. (我买这本书花了三元钱。)

(2) spend with意为“和……度过”。

例如:

I spend two weeks with my friends last month. (上个月我和朋友们一起度过了两周的时间。)

(3) spend in意为“做……花费时间”。

例如:

The boy spent four hours in watching TV last night. (这个男孩昨天晚上看了四个小时的电视。)

15. stay at,stay with和stay up

(1) stay at意为“待在……地方”。

例如:

He always stays at home after school. (他放学后总是呆在家里。)

(2) stay with意为“和……待在一起”。

例如:

The little girl always stays with her mother. (这个小女孩总是和她的妈妈待在一起。)

(3) stay up意为“熬夜”。

例如:

My brother often stays up before having exam. (我哥哥在考试前经常熬夜。)

16. be popular with与be popular among

(1) be popular with意为“受……欢迎、喜欢”。

例如:

The teacher is always popular with her students. (这位老师深受学生们的喜爱。)

(2) be popular among意为“在……中受欢迎”。

例如:

His song is quite popular among the young. (他的歌在年轻人中相当流行。)

17. be famous for,be famous as和be famous to

(1) be famous for意为“以……而著名”。

例如:

China is famous for the Great wall. (中国以长城而著名。)

(2) be famous as意为“作为……而著名”。

例如:

The old man is famous as a teacher. (这位老人作为一名教师而出名。)

(3) be famous to意为“对……而著名”。

例如:

The Great Wall is famous to the people all over the world. (长城对全世界的人民来说很有名。)

18. hear from与hear of

(1) hear from意为“收到某人的来信”。

例如:

I often hear from my friend. (我经常收到朋友的来信。)

(2) hear of意为“听说”。

例如:

We ever heard of him. (我们曾经听说过他。)

19. think about与think over

(1) think about意为“考虑有关……;思考”。

例如:

She is thinking about a math problem. (她正在思考一个数学问题。)

(2) think over意为“认真考虑……”。

例如:

I was thinking a problem over carefully when he came in. (当他进来时,我正在认真考虑一个问题。)endprint

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