佘盛飞++++++曾莲英
[摘要] 目的 探讨门奇静脉断流改良术治疗门静脉高压症上消化道出血的效果,为临床选择术式提供参考。 方法 选取2006年6月~2012年6月140例门静脉高压症上消化道出血患者,按随机数字表法分为普通组和治疗组,各70例,普通组实施传统门奇静脉断流术治疗,治疗组实施门奇静脉断流改良术(即贲门周围血管离断加胃底环缝扎手术)治疗,术后对比两组的肝功能指标及手术指标。 结果 两组治疗前后及治疗后的肝功能指标比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗组术后并发症发生率为10.00%,普通组为12.86%,差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.024,P=0.219)。治疗组住院时间为(12.93±4.04) d,普通组为(17.29±4.34) d,差异有统计学意义(t=5.394,P=0.016)。治疗组上消化道再出血发生率为1.43%,普通组为12.86%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=13.445,P=0.001)。 结论 门奇静脉断流改良术治疗门静脉高压症上消化道出血的临床效果显著,临床上可优先选用此术式。
[关键词] 门静脉高压症;上消化道出血;门奇静脉断流改良术
[中图分类号] R573.2 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721(2014)12(a)-0053-03
门静脉血流可以通过食管及胃底静脉进入奇静脉,血压升高后,胃底及食管静脉曲张并出血,阻断血管可以直接止血,即断流术。门奇静脉断流手术由于操作方便且创伤较小,适用于治疗门静脉高压症合并上消化道出血,但是此术式仍然有一定缺陷,典型不足如术后再出血等并发症较高[1-3]。本文旨在探讨门静脉高压症上消化道出血采用门奇静脉断流改良术治疗的效果,为临床选择术式提供参考。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
选取2006年6月~2012年6月140例门静脉高压症上消化道出血患者,按随机数字表法分为普通组和治疗组,各70例。普通组:男性41例,女性29例;年龄29~64岁,平均(42.19±9.39)岁;反复出血42例,腹水25例;食管静脉重度曲张39例,中度曲张31例。治疗组:男性42例,女性28例;年龄29~66岁,平均(42.53±9.28)岁;反复出血44例,腹水24例;食管静脉重度曲张40例,中度曲张30例。两组患者的性别、年龄等基线资料对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。所有患者对研究知情且同意,研究经过医院伦理委员会批准实施。
1.2 研究方法
普通组:实施传统门奇静脉断流术。常规脾切除术,紧贴浆膜外膜,确认所有下端食管壁穿支血管以及进入胃壁的穿支血管,逐一离断,将食管下端游离8 cm左右,保持粪门上下端8 cm内悬空,胃冠状静脉不实施结扎术,将左膈下、胃后以及伴随静脉继续离断。
治疗组:实施门奇静脉断流改良术,即贲门周围血管离断加胃底环缝扎手术。将胃充气直至膨胀,选择贲门下端距离4 cm处,实施间断操作将胃壁全层环形缝合[4-5],医生确认效果后将胃壁内翻,对浆肌层实施间断缝合,直至反常血流完全阻断。
1.3 观察指标
对比两组患者肝功能指标(天冬氨酸氨基转移酶、血清总胆红素、丙氨酸氨基转移酶、血清白蛋白);记录对比患者术后并发症、住院时间,随访1年中上消化道再出血发生率。
1.4 统计学方法
采用SPSS 16.0统计软件对数据进行分析和处理,计量资料以x±s表示,采用t检验,计数资料采用χ2检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 两组治疗前后肝功能指标的比较
两组治疗前后及治疗后的肝功能指标比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)(表1)。
2.2 两组术后并发症、住院时间及上消化道再出血发生率的比较
两组的住院时间及上消化道再出血发生率比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)(表2)。
3 讨论
门静脉血流在正常情况下通过奇静脉与上腔静脉连通,由于静脉压力升高促使静脉曲张的发生会导致破裂出血[6-8]。为了预防出血或止血,可以阻断破裂血管,避免血流通过胃底静脉或食管静脉等处[9-11]。肝硬化门静脉高压症常出现食管静脉曲张破裂出血,对患者生命安全造成较大威胁。除手术外,内科药物治疗、经内镜注射硬化剂等治疗手段只是短期达到治疗目的[12-13],但手术治疗容易出血断流不彻底,长期来看再次出血发生率较高。断流手术是临床主要采用的治疗门静脉高压症方法,手术主要通过将门奇静脉侧支循环阻断[14-16],降低食管胃底曲张静脉反常血流的概率,在阻断循环的同时,可以促进门静脉正向血流流动率。上文所述手术再次出血发生率较高,主要是因为单纯性的血管阻断术对于黏膜下层以及肌肉层的血管阻断作用较差[17-18],仅能对胃底食管下端血管有较好阻断效果,因此出现再出血。
改良的血贲门周围血管阻断手术,在胃底贲门区域黏膜下层、肌层及周围静脉进行再次胃底环形缝扎手术,阻断了胃壁内的曲张静脉以及门奇静脉反常血流,降低了结扎线以上的胃底区静脉压力[19-20]。改良手术方法避免了传统手术方法会加重脾胃区域门静脉的血管壁压力的缺陷,因此可以降低再出血发生率。同时,术后结扎区域可以形成环形瘢痕,对阻断血流十分有利,避免血流进入曲张静脉[21-22],建立侧支循环。本研究结果显示,普通组与治疗组治疗前后肝功能指标、并发症发生率对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),同时治疗组住院时间短于普通组、上消化道再出血发生率明显低于普通组,表明门静脉高压症上消化道出血采用门奇静脉断流改良术的临床效果显著,安全性高,临床上可优先选用此术式。
[参考文献]
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[11] Oguro S,Funabiki T,Hosoda K,et al.64-slice multidetector computed tomography evaluation of gastrointestinal tract perforation site:detectability of direct findings in upper and lower GI tract[J].Eur Radiol,2010,20(6):1396-1403.
[12] 龙涤,闭永浩,方富义,等.选择性断流术和联合断流术治疗门脉高压症的临床评价[J].实用医学杂志,2012, 28(4):594-596.
[13] 潘孟,赫军,蔡小勇,等.完全腹腔镜与开腹改良Sugiura手术治疗门静脉高压症的临床对比研究[J].中华外科杂志,2013,51(8):746-747.
[14] Su JQ,Chi BR,Li X,et al.Inhibition of dual specific oncolytic adenovirus on esophageal cancer via activation of caspases by a mitochondrial-dependent pathway[J].Chem Res Chin Univ,2012,28(3):465-471.
[15] 潘孟,蔡小勇,卢榜裕,等.腹腔镜下改良Sugiura手术治疗门静脉高压症的临床研究[J].中国内镜杂志,2013, 19(12):1287-1290.
[16] 蒋国庆,钱建军,陈平,等.改良腹腔镜脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症的临床疗效[J].中华消化外科杂志,2013,12(11):846-849.
[17] Zhang X,He Y,Ding M,et al.Simultaneous determination of tryptophan and kynurenine in plasma samples of children patients with Kawasaki disease by high-perfor mance liquid chromatography with programmed wavel ength ultraviolet detection[J].J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci,2009,877(16-17):1678-1682.
[18] 刘佳,张绍庚,魏炜明,等.手助腹腔镜改良Sugiura术在特发性门静脉高压症的临床应用[J].医学研究杂志,2012,41(9):139-142.
[19] Patterson SM,Hughes CM,Cardwell C,et al.A cluster randomized controlled trial of an adapted U.S. model of pharmaceutical care for nursing home residents in Northern Ireland(Fleetwood Northern Ireland study):a cost-effectiveness analysis[J].J Am Geriatr Soc,2011,59(4):586-593.
[20] 邵华,苗永昌,夏春咸.选择性改良Sugiura手术治疗门静脉高压症出血24例分析[J].实用临床医药杂志,2012 16(17):61-62.
[21] Arduini M,Epicoco G,Clerici G.B-Lynchsuture,intrauterine balloon,and endouterine hemostatic suture for the manag ement of postpartum hemorrhage due to placenta previa accrete[J].Int J Gynaecol Obstet,2010,10(8):191-193.
[22] 李晖,吴武军,杜立学.改良脾腔分流联合断流术在门静脉高压症治疗中的作用[J].中国现代手术学杂志,2012, 16(1):25-29.
(收稿日期:2014-11-07 本文编辑:李亚聪)endprint
[2] Shapiro BS,Daneshmand ST,Garner FC,et al.Evidence of impaired endometrial receptivity after ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization:a prospective randomized trial comparing fresh and frozen-thawed embryo transfer in normal responders[J].Fertil Steril,2011,96(2):344-348.
[3] 申洪宇.改良Sugiura手术对门静脉高压症患者肝血流和VEGF的影响[J].中国实用医刊,2014,41(4):84-86.
[4] Danesh A,Janghorbani M,Khalatbari S.Effects of antenatal corticosteroids on maternal serum indicators of infection in women at risk for preterm delivery:a randomized trial comparing betamethasone and dexamethasone[J].J Res Med Sci,2012,17(10):911-917.
[5] 刘恒.胰源性门静脉高压症的临床诊治[J].南方医科大学学报,2013,33(11):168-169.
[6] Maruta T,Otao G,Miyazato T,et al.Effects of intravenous low-dose recombinant human atrial natriuretic peptide on renal function in the perioperative management for gastrointestinal perforation or ileus:a retrospective single-center study[J].J Crit Care,2013,28(2):133-140.
[7] 王劲,刘新河,张隆陶.外周静脉溶栓治疗性肠系膜上静脉血栓形成9例分析[J].中国医学创新,2012,9(31):120-121.
[8] 秦建平,唐文,汤善宏,等.改良经颈静脉肝内门体静脉分流术治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症[J].中华消化杂志,2014, 34(1):33-36.
[9] Cheng HH,Tseng GY,Yang HB,et al.Increased numbers of Foxp3-positive regulatory T cells in gastritis,peptic ulcer and gastric adenocarcinoma[J].World J Gastroenterol,2012, 18(1):34-43.
[10] 蒙岭,王铁忠,亢晓冬.改良手辅助腹腔镜下脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术在肝硬化门静脉高压症应用分析[J].中国医师进修杂志,2014,37(23):61-63.
[11] Oguro S,Funabiki T,Hosoda K,et al.64-slice multidetector computed tomography evaluation of gastrointestinal tract perforation site:detectability of direct findings in upper and lower GI tract[J].Eur Radiol,2010,20(6):1396-1403.
[12] 龙涤,闭永浩,方富义,等.选择性断流术和联合断流术治疗门脉高压症的临床评价[J].实用医学杂志,2012, 28(4):594-596.
[13] 潘孟,赫军,蔡小勇,等.完全腹腔镜与开腹改良Sugiura手术治疗门静脉高压症的临床对比研究[J].中华外科杂志,2013,51(8):746-747.
[14] Su JQ,Chi BR,Li X,et al.Inhibition of dual specific oncolytic adenovirus on esophageal cancer via activation of caspases by a mitochondrial-dependent pathway[J].Chem Res Chin Univ,2012,28(3):465-471.
[15] 潘孟,蔡小勇,卢榜裕,等.腹腔镜下改良Sugiura手术治疗门静脉高压症的临床研究[J].中国内镜杂志,2013, 19(12):1287-1290.
[16] 蒋国庆,钱建军,陈平,等.改良腹腔镜脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症的临床疗效[J].中华消化外科杂志,2013,12(11):846-849.
[17] Zhang X,He Y,Ding M,et al.Simultaneous determination of tryptophan and kynurenine in plasma samples of children patients with Kawasaki disease by high-perfor mance liquid chromatography with programmed wavel ength ultraviolet detection[J].J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci,2009,877(16-17):1678-1682.
[18] 刘佳,张绍庚,魏炜明,等.手助腹腔镜改良Sugiura术在特发性门静脉高压症的临床应用[J].医学研究杂志,2012,41(9):139-142.
[19] Patterson SM,Hughes CM,Cardwell C,et al.A cluster randomized controlled trial of an adapted U.S. model of pharmaceutical care for nursing home residents in Northern Ireland(Fleetwood Northern Ireland study):a cost-effectiveness analysis[J].J Am Geriatr Soc,2011,59(4):586-593.
[20] 邵华,苗永昌,夏春咸.选择性改良Sugiura手术治疗门静脉高压症出血24例分析[J].实用临床医药杂志,2012 16(17):61-62.
[21] Arduini M,Epicoco G,Clerici G.B-Lynchsuture,intrauterine balloon,and endouterine hemostatic suture for the manag ement of postpartum hemorrhage due to placenta previa accrete[J].Int J Gynaecol Obstet,2010,10(8):191-193.
[22] 李晖,吴武军,杜立学.改良脾腔分流联合断流术在门静脉高压症治疗中的作用[J].中国现代手术学杂志,2012, 16(1):25-29.
(收稿日期:2014-11-07 本文编辑:李亚聪)endprint
[2] Shapiro BS,Daneshmand ST,Garner FC,et al.Evidence of impaired endometrial receptivity after ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization:a prospective randomized trial comparing fresh and frozen-thawed embryo transfer in normal responders[J].Fertil Steril,2011,96(2):344-348.
[3] 申洪宇.改良Sugiura手术对门静脉高压症患者肝血流和VEGF的影响[J].中国实用医刊,2014,41(4):84-86.
[4] Danesh A,Janghorbani M,Khalatbari S.Effects of antenatal corticosteroids on maternal serum indicators of infection in women at risk for preterm delivery:a randomized trial comparing betamethasone and dexamethasone[J].J Res Med Sci,2012,17(10):911-917.
[5] 刘恒.胰源性门静脉高压症的临床诊治[J].南方医科大学学报,2013,33(11):168-169.
[6] Maruta T,Otao G,Miyazato T,et al.Effects of intravenous low-dose recombinant human atrial natriuretic peptide on renal function in the perioperative management for gastrointestinal perforation or ileus:a retrospective single-center study[J].J Crit Care,2013,28(2):133-140.
[7] 王劲,刘新河,张隆陶.外周静脉溶栓治疗性肠系膜上静脉血栓形成9例分析[J].中国医学创新,2012,9(31):120-121.
[8] 秦建平,唐文,汤善宏,等.改良经颈静脉肝内门体静脉分流术治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症[J].中华消化杂志,2014, 34(1):33-36.
[9] Cheng HH,Tseng GY,Yang HB,et al.Increased numbers of Foxp3-positive regulatory T cells in gastritis,peptic ulcer and gastric adenocarcinoma[J].World J Gastroenterol,2012, 18(1):34-43.
[10] 蒙岭,王铁忠,亢晓冬.改良手辅助腹腔镜下脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术在肝硬化门静脉高压症应用分析[J].中国医师进修杂志,2014,37(23):61-63.
[11] Oguro S,Funabiki T,Hosoda K,et al.64-slice multidetector computed tomography evaluation of gastrointestinal tract perforation site:detectability of direct findings in upper and lower GI tract[J].Eur Radiol,2010,20(6):1396-1403.
[12] 龙涤,闭永浩,方富义,等.选择性断流术和联合断流术治疗门脉高压症的临床评价[J].实用医学杂志,2012, 28(4):594-596.
[13] 潘孟,赫军,蔡小勇,等.完全腹腔镜与开腹改良Sugiura手术治疗门静脉高压症的临床对比研究[J].中华外科杂志,2013,51(8):746-747.
[14] Su JQ,Chi BR,Li X,et al.Inhibition of dual specific oncolytic adenovirus on esophageal cancer via activation of caspases by a mitochondrial-dependent pathway[J].Chem Res Chin Univ,2012,28(3):465-471.
[15] 潘孟,蔡小勇,卢榜裕,等.腹腔镜下改良Sugiura手术治疗门静脉高压症的临床研究[J].中国内镜杂志,2013, 19(12):1287-1290.
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(收稿日期:2014-11-07 本文编辑:李亚聪)endprint